多档位扭摆推力测量装置的设计与标定实验

针对卫星用中高功率电推进器产生的推力范围跨度大，现有的推力测量装置存在测量范围不全、抗干扰能力差导致测不准等问题，开展了多档位三丝扭摆推力测量装置研究。首先，建立了推力测量装置物理模型，研究了推力与偏转位移之间的数学关系，并实现了多档位三丝扭摆推力测量装置的设计。接着，采用标准砝码与定制砝码对测量装置进行标定，并通过标定实验确定各档位下的测量误差。然后，综合考虑了装置的不确定度影响因素，设计相关试验开展不确定评估。实验结果表明：在实验环境不变的情况下，多档位三丝扭摆推力测量装置设计的小档位推力为98 mN的不确定度为0.030 mN（k=2）；中档位推力为490 mN的不确定度为0.068 mN（k=2），大档位推力为980 mN的不确定度为0.092 mN（k=2）。多档位扭摆推力测量装置采用换档位的测量方法实现了9.8~1029 mN范围的推力测量，测量精度高、抗干扰能力强，解决了宽范围推力测量过程中全量程精度难以保证的问题，为中高功率电推进器推力测量提供技术支撑。     

基于冷原子重力仪的轨道移动绝对重力测量

绝对重力测量在铁路路基探测等领域发挥着重要作用，但大多数室外移动重力仪结构复杂或精度一般，可使用的范围有限。研制了一套轨道移动绝对重力测量系统，实现了高集成的系统结构设计、自动化的测试流程，开展了实验室及轨道环境下的绝对重力测量，测量结果可靠。首先，在实验室环境下重力测量灵敏度达到了440 μGal?Hz-1/2，测量300 s的误差小于30 μGal。其次，在炎热、嘈杂的室外轨道移动条件下，绝对重力测量不确定度优于15 μGal，与相对重力仪（LG-1）的测量偏差优于40 μGal。最后，轨道环境下的重力测量灵敏度达到707.9 μGal?Hz-1/2。所提出的轨道移动绝对重力测量系统可以在室外条件下进行快速重力测量，为铁路路基探测提供了新的仪器与解决方案。     

基于移动光晶格布洛赫振荡的原子干涉重力仪

针对目前传统的原子干涉重力仪—马赫-曾德尔型原子重力仪存在体积较大，影响设备便携性的问题，北京大学实现了国内首个基于移动光晶格的布洛赫振荡原理的小型化原子干涉重力仪。本实验系统的采样率达到0.9 Hz，能够满足长期实时测量的需求，且实验系统中原子的竖直位移约为3 cm，灵敏度达到4.6 × 10² μGal·Hz^-1/2，在2 800 s积分时间内，分辨率可以达到6.50.7?μGal。实验成果为原子干涉重力仪的小型化与实用化指明了未来的发展方向。     

汞离子微波钟及其研究进展

汞离子微波钟是下一代星载原子钟、地面守时原子钟的有力候选者。文章介绍了本团队在汞离子微波钟的离子囚禁、缓冲气体冷却、微波综合器、汞光谱灯等关键技术取得的突破和进展，在此基础上，研制出了小型化汞离子钟整机，其频率稳定度达到了2.3 × 10^-15/10⁵ s，同时开展了分区式线形阱汞离子微波钟的技术研究，实现了离子的高效梭动及系统的闭环锁定，测得频率稳定度3.45 × 10^-13/τ^1/2（τ = 10 ～ 10 000 s），为汞离子微波钟技术的应用奠定了重要基础。     

滑块摇杆机构对小腿三头肌康复的作用研究

以小腿三头肌的康复训练为应用背景,研究了滑块摇杆机构对小腿三头肌的康复作用。推导了滑块摇杆康复机构的矢量方程,建立了其数学模型,并利用MATLAB软件进行了滑块摇杆康复机构的运动仿真。结果显示：通过控制机构滑块的位移、速度和加速度可以间接地控制末端执行器的运动,从而形成能满足患者不同需求的康复模式;为保证滑块摇杆康复机构在使用过程中的安全性,滑块位移的变化区间应为200~700 mm。开展了滑块摇杆康复机构对小腿三头肌的按摩实验。结果显示,使用滑块摇杆康复机构后,小腿三头肌的表面肌电信号明显改变,使用前后小腿三头肌的肌电值有显著性差异（p1=0.037<0.05）,使用过程中肌电值的峰值有显著性差异（p2=0.018<0.05）,说明该机构对小腿三头肌有显著、有效的康复性刺激。研究结果可为滑块摇杆机构在康复医疗中的应用提供理论参考。     

自适应消声系统的设计与性能研究

为了有效控制低频宽带噪声,结构简单的声衬被广泛应用。传统声衬只能消除固定频率的噪声,即当环境噪声频率发生改变时,传统声衬消声性能明显下降。为此,提出了一种自适应消声系统,利用压电声衬工作原理,通过LabVIEW串口通信技术传输与控制数据程序,驱动压电声衬使它能根据噪声频率的变化自适应控制信号;通过调节电源输出电压,改变压电声衬共振腔体积,从而及时有效地调节压电声衬消声频率,拓宽压电声衬的消声频带。分析结果表明,压电声衬共振腔体积减小时,消声频带向低频方向偏移,反之向高频方向偏移;当输出电压为-100~200 V时,自适应消声系统可在噪声频率为1 364~1 420 Hz的环境中一直保持最佳的消声效果,实现了自适应消噪。研究结果表明,对声衬施加直流电源可以对其消声频率进行调节,使其消声频带随着噪声频率的变化而偏移,拓宽其消声频带。设计的消声系统可以实现噪声的自适应控制,可为声衬的主动控制及优化提供参考。     

DP600双相钢在两种盐雾实验条件下的腐蚀行为对比研究

采用SEM、EDS、XRD以及EIS等技术,对比研究了DP600双相钢在中性盐雾(NSS)实验和循环盐雾腐蚀实验(CCT)两种不同加速实验条件下的腐蚀行为,并获得了腐蚀动力学规律。结果表明：在两种加速实验条件下,试样腐蚀失重均逐步增加,且CCT中的大于NSS中的;同时,初期腐蚀速率相差不大,在480 h时腐蚀速率均达到最大值,分别为1.89 g·m^-2·h^-1(NSS)和2.72 g·m^-2·h^-1(CCT)。两种实验条件下腐蚀产物主要是Fe₃O₄、α-FeOOH、γ-FeOOH、δ-FeOOH和α-Fe₂O₃,而CCT条件下同时也形成了较多的β-FeOOH。CCT条件下的锈层厚度大于NSS条件下的,且厚度增加趋势也更快。EIS结果表明：两种加速实验条件下试样溶液电阻和腐蚀产物膜电阻均逐步增大,电荷转移电阻均为先减小后增加。实验前期(≤480 h),NSS和CCT条件下的腐蚀速率可分别表达为：ΔD_1-1=0.7349t^{\mathrm{0.1522}},ΔD_2-1=0.3511t^{\mathrm{0.3313}};而在实验后期(>480 h),则分别为：ΔD_1-2=14.6239t^{-\mathrm{0.3236}},ΔD_2-2=6.8542t^{-\mathrm{0.1570}}。     

AlN-BN复相陶瓷的热等静压制备与性能研究

以氮化铝(AlN)和氮化硼(BN)为原料, 无烧结助剂、热等静压烧结制备了AlN-BN复相陶瓷, 研究了热等静压温度和压强对两种不同原料配比(摩尔比)烧结试样的微观结构和性能的影响。结果表明: 增加BN的添加量对复相陶瓷的烧结致密化影响较小, 但逐渐降低硬度和热导率、增大体积电阻率。相同原料配比下, 复相陶瓷的密度越高, 其热导率、体积电阻率、硬度越高。热导率和体积电阻率的实测值与两相复合模型方程较为符合。当n_AlN:n_BN=75:25时, 在温度为1600℃、压强为90 MPa、保温3 h的热等静压工艺下可以制备出相对密度达98.03%、热导率为77.29 W/(m·K)、体积电阻率为1.35×10¹⁵ Ω·cm的复相陶瓷。     

Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+荧光粉的制备及其发光性能研究

以Sr₂CO₃、Si₃N₄和Eu₂O₃为原料, 以C为主要还原剂, 采用碳热还原氮化工艺合成Sr₂Si₅N₈:Eu²⁺荧光粉, 着重研究了C、Sr₂CO₃添加量及Eu²⁺浓度对产物物相及发光性能的影响。研究结果表明: 当C与Si₃N₄的摩尔比 n_c/=9/5时,合成出Sr₂Si₅N₈:Eu²⁺单相荧光粉, 添加适当过量的Sr₂CO₃可提高合成产物的N含量, 且荧光粉的发光强度与其N含量呈现正相关关系。在450 nm蓝光激发下, 受Eu²⁺的4f⁶5d¹ → 4f⁷跃迁作用, Sr₂Si₅N₈:Eu²⁺荧光粉在550~700 nm波段范围产生非对称宽带发射。随着Eu²⁺掺杂浓度由1.5mol%增加到20mol%, 荧光粉的发光强度先增强后减弱, 达到2mol%时发生浓度淬灭现象; 发射主峰由608 nm逐步红移至641 nm; CIE色坐标从(0.606, 0.393)位移至(0.656, 0.343), 是一种可用于白光LED的优质红色荧光粉。     

双金属AunCu0- (n=1~9) 团簇结构、稳定性、电子及光学性能研究

为了探究铜掺杂金团簇的结构及特性,依据密度泛函理论对Au_nCu^{0/-(n=1~9)团簇的结构、稳定性、电子及光学性能进行了系统分析。基于卡利普索结构预测程序,在B3LYP/Lanl2dz水平下优化得到了不同尺寸的基态结构。研究表明,除Au₇Cu和Au₈Cu-呈现三维结构外,其它尺寸下的基态均呈现二维平面结构。而且,Au_nCu0/-的基态可通过在Aun-1Cu0/-}基态基础上添加一个Au原子得到。稳定性分析确定了Au₅Cu和Au₂Cu-团簇在各自体系中拥有相对强的稳定性。磁性分析发现,闭壳层电子结构体系的总自旋磁矩为零;开壳层电子结构体系分别具有1 μB的总磁矩。分析极化率表明,Au₉Cu和Au₉Cu-团簇对外场的各向异性响应最强,AuCu和Au₃Cu-团簇对外场的各向异性响应最弱。AdNDP分析发现,众多σ键连通了整个分子骨架,促进了整个团簇的稳定。基于Multiwfn程序,拟合的光电子能谱、红外谱、拉曼谱和紫外可见光谱可为实验上鉴别Au_nCu^0/-团簇的结构提供帮助。     

Discontinuous spectral element method modeling of optical coupling by whispering gallery modes between microcylinders

We introduce a high-order time-domain discontinuous spectral element method for the study of the optical coupling by evanescent whispering gallery modes between two microcylinders, the building blocks of coupled resonator optical waveguide devices. By using the discontinuous spectral element method with a Dubiner orthogonal polynomial basis on triangles and a Legendre nodal orthogonal basis on quadrilaterals, we conduct a systematic study of the optical coupling by whispering gallery modes between two microcylinders and demonstrate the successful coupling between the microcylinders and also the dependence of such a coupling on the separation and the size variation of the microcylinders.     

High-frequency ultrasound sensors using polymer microring resonators

Polymer microring resonators are demonstrated as high-frequency, ultrasound detectors. An optical microring resonator consists of a ring waveguide closely coupled to a straight bus waveguide, serving as light input and output. Acoustic waves irradiating the ring induce strain, deforming the waveguide dimensions and changing the refractive index of the waveguide via the elasto-optic effect. These effects modify the effective refractive index of the guided mode inside the waveguide. The sharp wavelength dependence of the microring resonance can enhance the optical response to acoustic strain. Such polymer microring resonators are experimentally demonstrated in detecting broadband ultrasound pulses from a 50 MHz transducer. Measured frequency response shows that these devices have potential in high-frequency, ultrasound detection. Design guidelines for polymer microring resonators forming an ultrasound detector array are discussed.     

Whispering gallery modes of a curved antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide

The whispering gallery modes of a curved antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide are described and analyzed. We present a ray analysis method that can be used to derive an eigenmode equation and to analyze the loss characteristics of a waveguide in rectangular coordinates by using conformal transformation. With an optimized design of an antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide structure, the propagation loss of such a waveguide can be significantly reduced.     

Transmission and radiation in a slab waveguide coupled to a whispering-gallery resonator: volume-integral-equation analysis

The excitation of a whispering gallery resonator by a surface wave guided in a dielectric slab is analyzed with a rigorous volume-integral-equation approach. The analysis is based on the Green's function concept and the application of the entire-domain Galerkin technique through expansion of the electric field in the resonator in terms of cylindrical wave functions. The algorithm developed yields highly accurate results for the transmission and reflection coefficients in the waveguide. The radiated far field is computed, and the effect of the excitation of a whispering gallery mode on the radiation pattern is studied.     

Frequency tuning due to nonlinear effects in whispering gallery mode laser based on InAsSb/InAsSbP heterostructure

Frequency tunable infrared whispering gallery mode (WGM) semiconductor laser with a disk cavity has been created that operates at a wavelength of 3.5 μm at a temperature of 79 K. The laser radiation spectra have been studied. Smooth tuning of the main WGM toward shorter wavelengths by 11 Å due to nonlinear optical effects has been observed.     

Cavity QED with diamond nanocrystals and silica microspheres

Normal mode splitting is observed in a cavity QED system in which nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond nanocrystals are coupled to whispering gallery modes in a silica microsphere. The composite nanocrystal-microsphere system takes advantage of the exceptional spin properties of nitrogen vacancy centers as well as the ultrahigh quality factor of silica microspheres. The observation of the normal mode splitting indicates that the dipole optical interaction between the relevant nitrogen vacancy center and whispering gallery mode has reached the strong coupling regime of cavity QED.     

Low loss, low refractive index fluorinated self-crosslinking polymer waveguides for optical applications

Synthesis and optical applications of low loss methacrylate-based fluorinated polymers are described. The synthesis of well defined self-crosslinking fluorinated polymers has been carried out in order to tune refractive index in the range of 1.390 < n < 1.450. After thermal crosslinking, one single lithographic step followed by reactive ion etching is necessary to monomode optical waveguide fabrication on silicon substrates. Optical losses lower than 1 dB/cm at 1300 nm and 2 dB/cm at 1550 nm were measured for highly confined modes. Efficient chip coupling to lensed optical fibers was obtained. Using waveguides with an effective index close to that of bulk silica, a significant coupling interaction between the guided modes and the whispering gallery modes of a silica microsphere was evidenced thus opening the way for new device applications.     

Measurement and analysis of a microwave oscillator stabilized by a sapphire dielectric ring resonator for ultra-low noise

Phase-noise measurements are presented for a microwave oscillator whose frequency is stabilized by a whispering gallery mode sapphire ring resonator with Q of 2x10(5). The nature of the mode, which involves little metallic conduction, allows nearly full use of the very low dielectric loss in sapphire. Several mode families have been identified with good agreement with calculated frequency predictions. Waveguide coupling parameters have been characterized for the principal (lowest frequency) mode family, for n=5 to n =10 full waves around the perimeter. For a 5-cm wheel resonator in a 7.6-cm container, Q-values of above 10(5) were found at room temperature for all of the modes in this sequence. Coupling Q-values for the same modes ranged from 10(4) (n =5) to 10(5) (n=10) for a WR112 waveguide port at the center of the cylinder wall of the containing can. Phase noise measurements for a transistor oscillator locked to the n=10 (7.84-GHz) mode showed a 1/f(3) dependence for low offset frequencies, and a value of L(f)=-55 dB/Hz at an offset of 10 Hz from the carrier. The oscillator shows phase noise below the previously reported for any X-band source.     

Asymptotic estimation of the threshold power and anti-Stokes combination frequencies of stimulated temperature scattering in solid-state microcavities for the optical range

Asymptotic estimates of the threshold power and anti-Stokes combination frequencies of stimulated temperature scattering (STS) have been obtained for spherical fused-quartz microcavities for the optical range. A three-mode regime of interaction of the temperature and electromagnetic modes of the whispering gallery type is considered. It is shown that a threshold STS power of is on the order of 50 μ W for quartz spheres with a radius of 40 μ m at a pumping radiation wavelength of 840 nm. Microcavities featuring the whispering gallery modes are promising elements for the construction of resonance bolometers and microlasers.     

Resonant-enhanced evanescent-wave fluorescence biosensing with cylindrical optical cavities

We show that the artificial resonances of dielectric optical cavities can be used to enhance the detection sensitivity of evanescent-wave optical fluorescence biosensors to the binding of a labeled analyte with a biospecific monolayer. Resonant coupling of power into the optical cavity allows for efficient use of the long photon lifetimes (or equivalently, the high internal power) of the high-Q whispering gallery modes to increase the probability of photon absorption into the fluorophore, thereby enhancing fluorescence emission. A method to compare the intrinsic sensitivity between resonant cavity and waveguide formats is also developed. Using realistic estimates for dielectric cylindrical cavities in both bulk and integrated configurations, we can expect sensitivity enhancement by at least an order of magnitude over standard waveguide evanescent sensors of equivalent sensing geometries. In addition, the required sample volume can be reduced significantly. The cylindrical cavity format is compatible with a large variety of sensing modalities such as immunoassay and molecular diagnostic assay.