抗氧化剂在青刺果油贮藏稳定性中的应用研究

以青刺果油为试材,采用Schaal烘箱法,以过氧化值(POV)为指标,研究了4种抗氧化剂(迷迭香提取物、维生素E、茶多酚棕榈酸酯、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯)、2种增效剂(维生素C、柠檬酸)及其复配后对青刺果油贮藏稳定性的影响,并与TBHQ作对比。结果表明:4种抗氧化剂对青刺果油的抗氧化强弱顺序为迷迭香提取物茶多酚棕榈酸酯抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯维生素E;维生素C、柠檬酸对迷迭香提取物、迷迭香提取物+茶多酚棕榈酸酯的抗氧化性能均有一定的协同增效作用,且柠檬酸的协同效果强于维生素C;单一抗氧化剂迷迭香提取物及其各复配抗氧化剂对青刺果油的抗氧化性能均优于TBHQ;添加0.04%迷迭香提取物+0.02%茶多酚棕榈酸酯+0.02%柠檬酸的青刺果油贮藏稳定性最高,可使青刺果油在25℃条件下的货架期由128 d延长至784 d。     

3种抗氧化剂对菜籽油氧化稳定性的影响

为探究抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯、迷迭香提取物和茶多酚棕榈酸酯及其复合物对菜籽油氧化稳定性的影响,采用Schaal烘箱加速氧化实验法对菜籽油进行氧化稳定性评价,并采用响应面实验优化复配抗氧化剂的配方。结果表明：3种抗氧化剂均能显著提高菜籽油的氧化稳定性（P＜0.05）,其中茶多酚棕榈酸酯抗氧化效果最为理想,添加量为0.01%和0.05%时,菜籽油过氧化值比空白对照分别降低了61.76%和68.79%;响应面实验得到最优复配抗氧化剂配方为0.02%抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯、0.03%迷迭香提取物、0.03%茶多酚棕榈酸酯,在此配方下加速氧化13 d时菜籽油过氧化值为6.017 mmol/kg。该复配抗氧化剂能有效减缓菜籽油的氧化速度,且能够保护菜籽油不易受高浓度抗氧化剂的促氧化作用。     

几种油溶性天然抗氧化剂在核桃油、葡萄籽油中的应用研究

对茶多酚棕榈酸酯、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯、迷迭香提取物、维生素E在核桃油和葡萄籽油中的抗氧化能力和4种油溶性天然抗氧化剂相互之间的增效作用进行了研究。采用响应面方法 D-最优设计进行试验,测定添加了各种抗氧化剂的核桃油和葡萄籽油的氧化稳定性,并进行感官评价。对试验数据进行方差分析并构建回归模型,将添加了抗氧化剂的核桃油和葡萄籽油的感官评价结果控制在可接受范围内,优化出抗氧化效果最佳的复配配方。该配方在核桃油和葡萄籽油中分别为:茶多酚棕榈酸酯0.40 g/kg,抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯0.02 g/kg,迷迭香提取物0.15 g/kg;茶多酚棕榈酸酯0.39 g/kg,抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯0.04 g/kg,迷迭香提取物0.11 g/kg。     

天然抗氧化剂的增效作用及其对花生油抗氧化效果研究

对迷迭香提取物、茶多酚、植酸、VE、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯在花生油中的抗氧化性能和五种天然抗氧化剂相互之间的增效作用进行了研究。通过Rancimat法测定了添加各种抗氧剂的花生油的诱导时间,根据正交实验结果,各种天然抗氧化剂在组分中的主次因素为迷迭香提取物>茶多酚>植酸>抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯,优化得出天然抗氧化剂的复配配方为迷迭香提取物0.07%、茶多酚0.03%、植酸0.02%、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯0.02%。此配方对花生油的抗氧化能力优于TBHQ。     

脂溶性迷迭香提取物对调味面制品的抗氧化作用

以6种抗氧化剂为研究对象,以氧化诱导时间为评价指标,筛选出2种不同来源、抗氧化效果较好的脂溶性迷迭香提取物(10%鼠尾草酸1和2),其氧化诱导时间分别为5.12±0.06 h和5.99±0.10 h。将2种脂溶性迷迭香提取物分别应用于调味面制品,检测其在60℃和25℃条件下的过氧化值和酸价指标,进而推导出油脂氧化速率拟合方程。在60℃条件下,复配抗氧化剂、10%鼠尾草酸1和10%鼠尾草酸2的Kθ值分别为0.205 5, 0.149 0和0.160 2 mmol/(kg·d);在25℃条件下,复配抗氧化剂、10%鼠尾草酸1和10%鼠尾草酸2的Kθ值分别为0.017 5, 0.012 7和0.013 2mmol/(kg·d)。试验结果表明, 2种不同来源脂溶性迷迭香提取物抗氧化效果较好,且两者之间抗氧化效果无显著性差异。     

迷迭香脂溶性提取物在花生油中抗氧化性能研究

本文将化学抗氧化剂BHA+BHT和迷迭香脂溶性提取物鼠尾草酸及熊果酸+齐墩果酸添加至花生油中,经过20天高温加速氧化实验,测定花生油过氧化值、共轭二烯和酮类物质生成量、DPPH自由基清除率、ABTS自由基清除率、脂肪酸组成及非皂化物组成变化等指标,考察抗氧化剂对花生油抗氧化性的影响。结果显示：油样过氧化值和共轭二烯值的增长幅度大小顺序：无添加﹥熊果酸+齐墩果酸﹥BHA+BHT﹥鼠尾草酸,鼠尾草酸抑制花生油中过氧化物和共轭二烯类物质生成的效果最显著;不饱和脂肪酸含量下降幅度大小排序：无添加﹥熊果酸+齐墩果酸﹥BHA+BHT﹥鼠尾草酸,鼠尾草酸抑制不饱和脂肪酸的氧化作用最明显;花生油中8种非皂化物成分呈先上升后下降的趋势,在20天高温贮藏阶段并没有明显被消耗;油样DPPH自由基清除率下降幅度大小顺序：无添加﹥熊果酸+齐墩果酸﹥BHA+BHT﹥鼠尾草酸,鼠尾草酸减缓DPPH自由基清除率的下降速率最显著;油样ABTS自由基清除率下降幅度大小顺序：熊果酸+齐墩果酸﹥无添加﹥BHA+BHT﹥鼠尾草酸,鼠尾草酸减缓ABTS自由基清除率下降的速率最有效。综上可知迷迭香提取物鼠尾草酸对保持花生油抗氧化性的能力显著优于化学合成抗氧化剂BHA+BHT,而迷迭香提取物熊果酸+齐墩果酸抗氧化效果略逊于化学合成抗氧化剂。该研究可为迷迭香抗氧化剂在花生油及其它油脂产品生产中的推广运用奠定基础,为企业研究植物油新型抗氧化剂、实现迷迭香资源的综合利用提供参考。     

不同抗氧化剂对红松籽油的氧化抑制作用

目的探究3种抗氧化剂对红松籽油的氧化抑制效果。方法采用石油醚浸提法提取红松籽油,以酸价和过氧化值为评价指标,在加速氧化条件下研究了L-抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯、茶多酚棕榈酸酯、脂溶性迷迭香提取物三种抗氧化剂对红松籽油氧化稳定性的影响。结果 3种抗氧化剂均能不同程度延缓红松籽油氧化酸败进程,抑制效果与抗氧化剂的添加量基本呈正相关; L-抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯(添加量为0.15 g/kg)抑制红松籽油酸价上升的能力最强,而脂溶性迷迭香提取物(添加量为0.60 g/kg)在延缓过氧化物的产生表现出更大优势。结论选择添加0.15 g/kg L-抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯可以更好地用于食用红松籽油的抗氧化。     

海藻油高效复合抗氧化剂的筛选及稳定性研究

为筛选适宜的海藻油高效复合抗氧化剂,以过氧化值(POV)和酸价(AV)为指标,通过L9(34)正交实验,从鼠尾草酸、天然维生素E、L-抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯中优选海藻油复合抗氧化剂;采用加速氧化实验比较优化组和对照组海藻油的氧化稳定性。结果表明,抗氧化剂鼠尾草酸、天然维生素E、L-抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯能明显增强海藻油的氧化稳定性,影响顺序为:L-抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯>鼠尾草酸>天然维生素E,最佳抗氧化剂组合为0.7‰鼠尾草酸+0.3‰天然维生素E+0.2‰L-抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯;稳定性实验结果显示,优化抗氧化剂组合处理的海藻油样品的稳定度明显比对照组高,达到21～22d,相当于常温下21～22个月的保质期,而对照组在常温下的保质期仅为10～11个月;利用外推法计算常温(20℃)下海藻油的氧化诱导时间,优化组样品为49980h,而对照组样品仅为9850h。     

不同抗氧化剂对花生油和大豆油氧化稳定性及预测货架期的影响

在一级压榨浓香花生油和三级大豆油中分别添加油质量0. 02%的叔丁基对二苯酚(TBHQ)(纯度≥99. 0%)、茶多酚(纯度≥95. 0%)、迷迭香提取物(鼠尾草酸含量≥20. 0%)、维生素E(纯度≥90. 0%)等抗氧化剂,采用Schaal烘箱法加速油脂氧化,以过氧化值、酸价、维生素E和甾醇含量为考察指标,研究不同抗氧化剂对一级压榨浓香花生油和三级大豆油氧化稳定性及预测货架期的影响。结果表明,若以过氧化值达到相应国标限量(一级压榨花生油6. 0 mmol/kg、三级大豆油9. 85 mmol/kg)作为评价指标,空白花生油及添加TBHQ、茶多酚、迷迭香提取物、维生素E的花生油预测货架期分别为55. 7、229. 3、161. 6、161. 0、56. 5 d,对应大豆油的预测货架期分别为144、408、112、152、108. 8 d;在预测货架期内,5种花生油中甾醇和维生素E的平均损失率分别为不超过3%和12%,5种大豆油中甾醇和维生素E的平均损失率分别为不超过4%和11%。4种抗氧化剂在浓香花生油中的抗氧化效果为TBHQ茶多酚迷迭香提取物维生素E,在大豆油中的抗氧化效果为TBHQ迷迭香提取物茶多酚维生素E。     

抗氧化剂对人造奶油氧化稳定性的影响

混合生育酚、丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA)和2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚(BHT)被广泛用于人造奶油中,以保护奶油中的油脂发生氧化。本研究中,茶多酚棕榈酸酯、迷迭香提取物、BHA和BHT的混合物以及混合生育酚被分别添加到人造奶油中,和不含抗氧化剂的无抗参照一起,在35℃加速储存条件下进行氧化指标的跟踪检测,包括过氧化值(PV)和茴香胺值(p-AV)。检测结果显示,在人造奶油中的抗氧化效果顺序为:茶多酚棕榈酸酯迷迭香提取物BHA/BHT混合生育酚无抗参照。茶多酚棕榈酸酯和迷迭香提取物是对人造奶油更加有效的抗氧化剂,能提高人造奶油的存储稳定性并且延长其货架期。     

氧化引起肉及肉制品品质劣变的机理及影响因素

肉及肉制品在加工和贮藏过程中品质会下降,如嫩度降低、褪色、形成腐败味道等,而肉品质的降低与肉中含有的主要成分肌红蛋白、肌原纤维蛋白和脂肪的氧化有关,本文主要讨论三者氧化变化以及关联性,并探讨在加工贮藏过程中可能引起氧化的因素,为生产高质量的肉制品提供一定参考。     

肉制品中脂肪氧化与蛋白质氧化及相互影响

近年来,食品中脂肪氧化与蛋白质氧化之间的联系在国内外引起了广泛关注。肉制品中脂肪及蛋白质的氧化能产生特征风味,但更多的是引起风味的劣化和颜色的褪变,且脂肪氧化和蛋白氧化之间是相互关联的,彼此相互促进。针对由脂肪氧化和蛋白质氧化影响肉制品品质的问题,就脂肪氧化与蛋白质氧化机理、肉制品中脂肪与蛋白质氧化的相互影响关系及控制措施进行综述。     

苹果酒中模拟体系下非酶氧化与酶促氧化对聚合度影响的研究

以苹果酒中单酚含量较多的4种酚（儿茶素、表儿茶素、绿原酸和咖啡酸）为研究对象。在模拟苹果酒pH体系环境下,对其在非酶氧化和酶促氧化下聚合度的变化进行了研究。结果表明,在非酶氧化过程中,以儿茶素和表儿茶素的聚合反应为主,而在酶促氧化过程中。则是以绿原酸和咖啡酸的聚合反应为主。     

Fenton氧化和生物法结合深度处理硫化黑印染废水

采用Fenton氧化和生物氧化结合的方法,研究硫化黑印染废水的COD去除率和处理成本。探讨了Fenton氧化的条件包括氧化时间、m(H2O2)∶m(COD)、n(H2O2)∶n(Fe2+)以及Acinetobacter sp.DS-9生物氧化法二级串联处理系统的脱硫和COD去除效果。结果表明,最佳条件为:pH=3,m(H2O2)∶m(COD)=1∶2,n(H2O2)∶n(Fe2+)=10∶1,反应90 min后,按5%的接种量接入高效硫氧化菌株Acinetobacter sp.DS-9。废水脱硫效率提高了34.5%,COD去除率提高了74%。     

烤肉中脂类氧化及抗氧化研究

肉类食品中脂类的氧化会产生许多不利的影响,如使食品风味发生变化以及产生有害人体健康的物质等。本文综述了烤肉中脂类的氧化,分析了影响脂类氧化的因素,并总结了抗氧化的方法。     

牛油氧化工艺影响因素研究

以制备风味牛油基料为目的,分别从氧化反应控制参数(通气量、温度、时间、反应方式)、维生素E的添加及反应原料方面考察了可能影响牛油控制氧化反应的因素。研究结果表明,原料来源、氧化体系和氧化温度参数是影响牛油氧化反应的重要因素,原料差异性对氧化产物感官指标影响较大。     

Comparison of lipid and protein oxidation,total iron content and fatty acid profile of conventional and organic pork

The aim of the research was to compare differences in lipid and protein oxidation, total iron content and fatty acid profile in pork loin obtained from organic and conventionally reared pigs. The samples of organic meat were taken from breeding certified by the polish certifying body according to the Council Regulation (EC) no 834/2007 on organic production and labelling of organic products. The meat samples were examined at the following times post‐mortem: 2, 4, 7 days. Measurements of lipid oxidation showed that the organic meat samples were characterised by lower TBARS values during whole storage period (0.78–0.81 mg kg^?1) compared with those of conventional system production (0.95–0.99 mg kg^?1). Results of protein oxidation measurements of the organic meat sample were significantly lower (0.43 nmol mg^?1 protein) at the beginning of experiment than those for the conventional meat sample (0.66 nmol mg^?1 protein). It was also indicated that the production system had no effect on iron content and myoglobin oxidation during storage. In conclusion, obtained results pointed out that the organic pig meat was characterised by higher lipid stability during the whole storage time compared with meat from conventional production system.     

Protein and Lipid Oxidative Stresses During Cheese Manufacture

ABSTRACT: The amounts of protein-bound carbonyls (PC), malondialdehyde, (MDA) and the tocopherolquinone/ tocopherol ratio (TQ) were used as markers to evaluate the oxidative damage during manufacture. Their concentrations were determined in 11 Italian cheese varieties produced with different curd heat treatments. A positive correlation between heat intensity and oxidative damage was found ( p < 0.05). No correlation was seen between ripening time and oxidation extent in differently ripened Grana Padano cheese. Positive correlation between heating and TQ and PC levels was found ( p < 0.001 and 0.05, respectively) in Grana Padano cheese produced with milk pasteurized at 58, 68, or 72 °C. Pasteurization ad curdling steps, during mozzarella cheesemaking, highly contributed to TQ yield.     

Oxidative stability of pork meat lipids as related to high-oleic sunflower oil and vitamin E diet supplementation and storage conditions

The aim of this research work was to evaluate the oxidative stability of pork meat lipids as related to dietary supplementation with high-oleic sunflower oil (HOSO) and/or α-tocopheryl acetate (VE), as well as the influence of storage conditions. Four different diets (control; HOSO; VE; HOSO+VE), were fed to swines until slaughtering. Meat slices were packed in vessels with transparent shrink film and exposed to white fluorescent light for 3 days at 8 °C. HOSO supplementation increased oleic acid content of pork meat. The highest levels of peroxide value (PV) and cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) were detected in the control group, whereas HOSO-enriched diets displayed the highest thiobarbituric reactive substance (TBARs) content. After storage under light exposure, pork meat slices exhibited a decrease of PV, which resulted in an increasing trend of TBARs and COPs. Feeding enrichment with both HOSO and vitamin E can be, therefore, used as an appropriate supplementation strategy to produce pork meat with a suitable oxidative stability.     

Fluorescence spectroscopy as a novel approach for the assessment of myofibrillar protein oxidation in oil-in-water emulsions

The oxidation of oil-in-water emulsions (37 °C/10 days) containing increasing levels of myofibrillar proteins (MP) (0.5%, 1% and 2% on the basis of lipid content) was investigated. Protein oxidation was assessed by measuring the loss of natural tryptophan fluorescence and the increase in fluorescent protein oxidation products (FP) using fluorescence spectroscopy. Lipid oxidation was simultaneously analysed by measuring the increase of conjugated dienes (CD) and hexanal. The oxidative degradation of tryptophan residues occurred as an early event in MP oxidation whereas FP formed later as secondary protein oxidation products. The shift of the tryptophan maximum fluorescence emission wavelength during oxidation provided information about the location of oxidising tryptophan residues. Emulsions with higher concentrations of MP displayed higher tryptophan fluorescence and yielded a higher amount of FP. MP acted as inhibitors of lipid oxidation because emulsions with higher MP contents contained lower levels of CD and hexanal. Significant negative correlations were found between tryptophan fluorescence and CD, reflecting the timely interaction between primary lipid oxidation products and protein oxidation. Both spectrophotometric techniques were useful although the loss of tryptophan fluorescence is more reliable since it is a specific measurement which is not affected by the presence of other fluorescent protein oxidation products.