数字技术在建筑设计中的应用

数字技术的快速发展以及全球化浪潮,大力推进了数字技术在各行各业的应用,因此当我们谈及数字建筑时,不可脱离于这一大环境。在建筑设计中,数字技术早已渗透到前期、中期、后期三个阶段中,通过不同软件和技术的相互结合,辅助并指导了建筑设计的进行,使许多设计经验从感性到理性、从抽象到具象,使每个设计步骤和依据量化,更加有迹可循。     

Learning in project-based organizations: The role of project teams' social capital for overcoming barriers to learning

It is a major challenge for project-based organizations to learn across project boundaries by making project-level knowledge available to the organization as a whole. This study argues that project teams' social capital is conducive to overcoming barriers to learning in project-based organizations. Based on a large-scale analysis of engineering projects in Germany, the study shows that project teams' social capital, i.e. the intra-organizational social ties of project teams with their colleagues outside the project, compensates for project teams' lack of opportunity, motivation, and ability to make project-learnings available to the organization as a whole. By contributing to overcoming barriers to learning in project-based organizations, social capital represents an important driver of organizational learning about market conditions, products and technologies as well as project management.     

传统建筑文化的继承与创新

探究了中国传统建筑文化的内涵,并通过分析中国传统建筑文化认识上的三大误区,对传统建筑文化的继承与创新进行了论述,同时给出一些创新途径,从而形成和谐的、多元化的建筑文化环境。     

以传播学的立场谈建筑设计创新

以传播学的立场分析了中国建筑文化的发展,从一个新的角度探讨了如何以传播学的立场指导建筑设计创新,以期对中国的建筑设计发展提供新的思路。     

浅谈建筑企业质量控制与品牌创新

结合南通四建集团有限公司的实际情况,探讨了建筑企业如何通过质量控制,来进行企业品牌创新,指出了实施品牌经营战略是建筑公司跨国经营的必然选择,并提出了经营品牌战略的建议.     

现代建筑火灾调查工作现有问题与创新对策

在分析火灾调查工作重要性的基础上,归纳了当前火灾调查工作中存在的装备落后,队伍素质建设滞后等问题,并提出了相应的创新与改进对策,以不断提升火灾调查工作成效。     

创新创业教育在高职建筑工程类专业中的探索

本文针对创新创业教育在高职院校中存在的问题,以创新创业能力培养融入教学全过程、开发系列精英人才培养项目为路径,并结合建工专业实际,以建筑设计专业为例,探索了创新创业教育的具体实施方案。     

消防员日常训练心理障碍及消除措施分析

文章首先简要阐明了消防员在日常训练中常见的心理障碍,包括心理紧张、焦虑、恐惧、挫折、精神疲劳、情绪消沉、胆怯恐惧和麻痹等,然后根据常见特点分析产生心理障碍的具体原因,最后围绕着定期进行心理测验、加强科学心理训练、完善相应教育工作、营造良好工作环境四个层面,探讨了对消防员日常训练中的心理障碍消除策略。     

建筑类高校BIM技术教育创新行为的诱导机制及策略研究

将BIM信息技术应用看作建筑类高等学校的一种教育创新行为,综述BIM信息技术教育创新行为的潜在诱导因素,从教育技术支持、创新资源网络、教师教学能力和学生吸收能力四个方面,利用AMOS构建诱导结构方程模型,揭示了BIM信息技术教育创新行为的关键诱导路径及13个关键诱导因素。结果表明:学生吸收能力和教育技术支持分别对BIM信息技术教育创新行为有最显著的直接影响和综合影响,基于此,提出适宜的诱导策略,为完善建筑类高校BIM信息技术教育创新行为提供模型依据和实践指导。     

New approach to junction efficiency analysis of hexagonal geogrid using digital image correlation method

Geosynthetics are commonly used in many civil engineering applications. At the same time, intensive development of these materials is being carried out. Therefore, it becomes more and more important to correctly determine the mechanical parameters of geosynthetics in laboratory tests. This is especially important for more complicated hexagonal geogrids. This article presents the results of the laboratory research carried out to evaluate the junction efficiency of hexagonal geogrid under static load by analyzing deformations of geogrid junctions and ribs. A new approach to determination the efficiency is given by the newly defined strain junction efficiency coefficient based on the true principal strains. In the laboratory tests the digital image correlation (DIC) method was used. This method allowed for the determination of displacements and strains of geogrid specimens in any direction and at any point. The results of the conducted research and analysis indicate that the proposed innovative junction effectiveness assessment method enables a better presentation of the geogrid performance at different levels of tensile load. In addition to the parameters given in the technical approval for this material, the proposed new strain junction efficiency coefficient can be an effective parameter for evaluating hexagonal geogrid performance at different strain levels.     

Physiological and cognitive discontinuities: From mythical mediation to implicit discretization of architectural design tools

In architectural design, representation tools are often compared according to their alleged effects on the creativity of designers. Moreover, their mediating capacities are often mythicized, to such an extent that one might surmise the direct transmission of the mental images from the designer's consciousness to an external representation. In this speculative essay, we demonstrate that the process of representation at work in architectural design originates from the designer's consciousness natural cognitive ability, rather than from the use of a specific mediation tool between the designer and his environment, between the mentally constructed architectural project and its representation. The effects of any tool of representation—analog or digital—on our perceptual apparatus depend primarily on the cognitive mechanisms affecting the discontinuous flow of internal representations formed by our consciousness. In other words, we propose to shed a new light on these limitations through the heuristic modeling of an architectural project designer confronted with his own cognitive biases, and the limits of the representation processes. In the present essay, the discontinuities and uncertainties inherent to the processes of representation are reintegrate in the models.     

建筑学专业创新创业实践平台构建探索

构建创新创业实践平台是当前高校工科学生创新创业教育研究的热点问题。对于建筑学专业而言,创新思维一直是专业教育的基本要求,学生的设计作品虽不乏创意和创新,但往往与实际脱离较远,也缺乏量化指标的论证和验证,因而传统的教学方式往往难于提高学生的创业信心。文章分析了国内外创新创业教育的研究现状和发展动态,提出了构建建筑学专业创新创业实践平台的思路和具体实施办法。     

培养创新型人才的土力学教学方法探讨

随着中国基础设施建设规模的加大,对土木工程专业应用型人才的需求越来越大,对人才素质的要求越来越高。土力学作为土木工程及其相关专业重要的专业基础课,在课程内容、研究方法和知识体系方面有其显著特点。文章针对应用创新型人才的培养,结合教学中的经验和感受,从土木工程和土力学的特点出发,对土力学课堂教学和实践环节的教学重点、教学方法进行了有益的探索。     

Knowledge networks and industrial structure for regional innovation: An analysis of patents collaborations in Italy

The aim of the research is to investigate whether the structure of knowledge networks and the variety of the local industrial structure are important for regional innovation and if the interplay between these two forces has an additional effect on local innovativeness. The research analyses co-patenting collaborations at firm level in the Italian provinces in three five-year intervals in the period 2001–2016. Results show that the structure of knowledge networks and agglomeration economies of inventors boost local inventive capacity. It also highlights how these forces have an increasing impact on innovation as the variety of the area increases.     

高校创新能力对创新人才培养质量的影响探究——基于30个区域创新指数

基于30个地区高校创新能力和人才创新指数,运用双变量相关性分析法,明确了高校创新能力对人才创新指数的25个关键影响因素。通过对25个关键影响因素的因子分析,提取了3个共性因子,分别为f₁研发资源、f₂创新平台建设、f₃创新主体。采用多元回归法,探究3个共性因子对人才创新指数的显著性影响。研究发现,地区高校的研发资源是重要因素,一定程度上影响着创新人才培养质量。基于此,提出了三条建议：重点优化地区高校研发资源;完善高校创新平台;不断提高创新主体的创新思维与创新能力。研究成果为高校提高科技创新型人才的培养质量提供一定理论指导。     

Micro‐evidence on the determinants of innovation in the Netherlands: The relative importance of absorptive capacity and agglomeration externalities

Although the benefits of clustering for innovation have received much attention in the theoretical as well as empirical literature, analyses at the regional level often disregard the characteristics of local firms. We tackle both at the same time: agglomeration externalities (Marshall, Porter, Jacobs) from census microdata, and firm data from the Community Innovation Survey. Importantly, we allow for sectoral heterogeneity of agglomeration forces. We find that the firm characteristics, including those that proxy for ‘absorptive capacity’, have a much stronger relationship with the propensity to innovate than regular agglomeration externalities. The latter are only statistically significant for a few specific sectors, and even then only for some types of innovation. Sorting of innovation‐prone firms into specific locations might therefore be much more important to explain spatial patterns of innovation than agglomeration externalities.     

交通工程专业本科生科技创新能力培养现状调查与分析

高校创新人才特别是科技创新人才的培养是素质教育长期的重要目标,也是加强大学生综合素质教育的必然和根本要求。文章根据北京工业大学交通工程专业本科生创新能力培养的现状,结合问卷调查,分析北京工业大学交通工程专业本科生科技创新能力培养的情况和存在问题,进而从科技创新平台环境构建、多元导师制等方面,提出了促进本科生科技创新能力提升的建议。研究结论对交通工程专业创新型人才培养具有一定的参考意义。     

以人为本 走向创新--对山西省建筑创作状况的思考

对山西省建筑创作存在的种种不良倾向进行了剖析，对以人为本的设计思想作了新的诠释，提出只有真正的创新，才是实践以人为本设计思想的重要途径。     

A study of the thermal buckling behavior of a circular aluminum plate using the digital image correlation technique and finite element analysis

In this study, the thermal buckling behavior of a circular aluminum plate that results from thermal loading was investigated using a digital image correlation (DIC) technique. The aluminum plate was placed in a titanium ring and the structure was heated from room temperature 25 °C to 160 °C. Due to the differences in the coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs) between aluminum and titanium, the aluminum plate buckles at a certain temperature. The buckling temperature was determined from the full-field deformation shape and temperature-displacement curve that were obtained using the DIC-based ARAMIS^® software. In order to obtain an appropriate full-field deformation, a polarized light filter was used to reduce the out-of-plane displacement error, which is an unavoidable error in the experiment. Using this method, the standard deviation of the z directional displacement was reduced from ±3.14 μm to ±2.70 μm. In addition, the results demonstrated that the measured buckling temperature was close to the theoretical buckling temperature of the circular plate in a simply supported boundary condition. In order to verify the proposed measurement method, a finite element analysis of the structure was performed using the ABAQUS software. The results of the DIC-based measurement and finite element analysis were in good agreement regarding the deformation curve tendency. The buckling temperature from the finite element method (FEM) was slightly larger than that from the experimental results due to the initial imperfections of the aluminum specimen. These results provide a good method for studying thermal buckling for the design and analysis of engineering structures in diverse fields such as aerospace engineering, oil refineries, and nuclear engineering.