直角拐弯巷道中瓦斯突出冲击气流传播特征研究

为研究突出冲击气流的传播过程及其特征,以直角拐弯巷道为例,建立了数值计算模型,对突出冲击气流的传播过程和瓦斯气体的输运过程进行了数值模拟,分析了突出冲击气流的传播衰减特征和突出瓦斯气体的输运特征.结果表明：突出能形成高速运动的冲击气流及冲击波,且突出冲击波传播速度能够超过当地音速;突出冲击气流在通过拐弯巷道时,会发生绕射及反射,其强度可能大于拐角前的强度,而在通过拐角之后衰减幅度较大;突出能在巷道内形成高浓度瓦斯区域,且瓦斯对流传质速度小于冲击气流运动速度.通过模型试验研究,初步验证了数值模拟的结论.     

九里山矿14区放顶煤开采瓦斯涌出规律分析

分析了焦作矿务局九里山矿放顶煤工作面沿底掘进及开采期间各生产工序瓦斯涌出规律． 与顶分层开采对比, 放顶煤开采相对瓦斯涌出量降低, 绝对瓦斯涌出量增加倍数小于产量提高倍数, 各生产工序以放煤时瓦斯涌出量最大; 沿顶掘巷的平均瓦斯涌出量是沿底掘巷的１ ．２５ 倍, 沿底掘进不增加突出危险性     

Comparing potentials for gas outburst in a Chinese anthracite and an Australian bituminous coal mine

Gas outbursts in underground mining occur under conditions of high gas desorption rate and gas content, combined with high stress regime, low coal strength and high Young’s modulus. This combination of gas and stress factors occurs more often in deep mining. Hence, as the depth of mining increases, the potential for outburst increases. This study proposes a conceptual model to evaluate outburst potential in terms of an outburst indicator. The model was used to evaluate the potential for gas outburst in two mines, by comparing numerical simulations of gas flow behavior under typical stress regimes in an Australian gassy mine extracting a medium-volatile bituminous coal, and a Chinese gassy coal mine in Qinshui Basin (Shanxi province) extracting anthracite coal. We coupled the stress simulation program (FLAC3D) with the gas simulation program (SIMED II) to compute the stress and gas pressure and gas content distribution following development of a roadway into the targeted coal seams. The data from gas content and stress distribution were then used to quantify the intensity of energy release in the event of an outburst.     

Response characteristics of gas pressure under simultaneous static and dynamic load: Implication for coal and gas outburst mechanism

Coal and gas outbursts are dynamic disasters in which a large mass of gas and coal suddenly emerges in a mining space within a split second. The interaction between the gas pressure and stress environment is one of the key factors that induce coal and gas outbursts. In this study, first, the coupling relationship between the gas pressure in the coal body ahead of the working face and the dynamic load was investigated using experimental observations, numerical simulations, and mine-site investiga...     

煤与瓦斯突出的压力容器物理爆炸假说

根据掘进工作面前方支承压力分布特征,建立了掘进工作面前方煤体的压力容器模型．通过分析认为,该模型满足压力容器爆炸的2个条件：气体迅速膨胀和容器壁脆性断裂．进而,基于压力容器发生物理爆炸前的孕育、爆炸后的能量及破坏能力,解释了煤与瓦斯突出的预兆、基本特点和一般规律,并分析了石门自行突出等问题的原因．最后,基于压力容器物理爆炸条件,给出了煤与瓦斯突出的预测指标和防突施工的努力方向,并对已有防突措施进行分析和评价．煤与瓦斯突出的压力容器物理爆炸假说的提出,对揭示煤与瓦斯突出机理具有重要意义．     

Failure modes of coal containing gas and mechanism of gas outbursts

In order to explain the mechanism for gas outburst, the process of evolving fractures in coal seams is described using system dynamics with variable boundaries. We discuss the failure modes of coal containing gas and then established the flow rules after failure. The condition under which states of deformation convert is presented and the manner in which these convert is proposed. In the end, the process of gas outbursts is explained in detail. It shows that a gas outburst is a process in which the boundaries of coal seams are variable because of coal failure. If the fractures are not connected or even closed owing to coal/rock stress, fractured zones will retain a certain level of carrying capacity because of the self-sealing gas pressure. When the accumulation of gas energy reaches its limit, coal seams will become unstable and gas outbursts take place.     

高压注水防治瓦斯突出试验研究

严重突出地区煤巷掘进,采取超前排放钻孔等防突措施后,掘进期间瓦斯涌出量大、易超限,影响掘进速度和施工安全.高压注水综合防突措施可有效防治煤与瓦斯突出,降低巷道掘进期间瓦斯涌出,保证施工安全,提高掘进速度.     

Coal and gas outburst dynamic system

Coal and gas outburst is an extremely complex dynamic disaster in coal mine production process which will damage casualties and equipment facilities, and disorder the ventilation system by suddenly ejecting a great amount of coal and gas into roadway or working face. This paper analyzed the interaction among the three essential elements of coal and gas outburst dynamic system. A stress-seepage-damage coupling model was established which can be used to simulate the evolution of the dynamical system, and then the size scale of coal and gas outburst dynamical system was investigated. Results show that the dynamical system is consisted of three essential elements, coal-gas medium(material basis), geology dynamic environment(internal motivation) and mining disturbance(external motivation). On the case of C13 coal seam in Panyi Mine, the dynamical system exists in the range of 8–12 m in front of advancing face. The size scale will be larger where there are large geologic structures. This research plays an important guiding role for developing measures of coal and gas outburst prediction and prevention.     

煤与瓦斯突出冲击波传播规律研究

应用应力波理论研究了煤与瓦斯突出过程中产生的冲击波在煤体界面上的反射、透射现象,得到了入射、反射和透射超压解析解,根据空气动力学分析了冲击波沿巷道方向传播规律.结果表明：透射超压值为入射超压的两倍,而反射超压值略小于入射超压.冲击波超压与冲击气流、突出的膨胀能量成正比,与通风巷道的截面面积呈反比;当冲击波在单个层状煤体中传播时,它会在其两端自由界面上出现反射,反射波反向卸载,自由面上物体振动速度加倍,又将其撕裂成若干个更薄的层状体;当冲击波传播到构造煤和硬煤岩体的分界面上时,产生了强烈的透射和反射现象,透射波在分界面上叠加,其应力值加倍,煤体受到强烈压缩作用,当其超过软煤强度时,软煤被压裂破坏.     

Numerical simulation for explosion wave propagation of combustible mixture gas

A two-dimensional multi-material code was indigenously developed to investigate the effects of duct boundary conditions and ignition positions on the propagation law of explosion wave for hydrogen and methane-based combustible mixture gas. In the code,Young’s technique was employed to track the interface between the explosion products and air,and combustible function model was adopted to simulate ignition process. The code was employed to study explosion flow field inside and outside the duct and to obtain peak pressures in different boundary conditions and ignition positions. Numerical results suggest that during the propagation in a duct,for point initiation,the curvature of spherical wave front gradually decreases and evolves into plane wave. Due to the multiple reflections on the duct wall,multi-peak values appear on pressure—time curve,and peak pressure strongly relies on the duct boundary conditions and ignition position. When explosive wave reaches the exit of the duct,explosion products expand outward and forms shock wave in air. Multiple rarefaction waves also occur and propagate upstream along the duct to decrease the pressure in the duct. The results are in agreement with one-dimensional isentropic gas flow theory of the explosion products,and indicate that the ignition model and multi-material interface treatment method are feasible.     

Numerical analysis of gas emission rule from a goaf of tailing roadway

Targeting the problem of large amounts of gas emission from the goaf of the No.14201 working face in the Shaqu coal mine of Huajin Coking Coal Co. Ltd., we used a negative exponential function to describe the attenuation process of gas emission in goaf (the stable source) based on the principle of field flow. Equations of two-component flow (gas and air) and see- page-diffusion in a heterogeneous goaf flow field are solved by means of numerical simulation and fluid mechanics principles of air movement and gas distribution during gas emission from goaf. The results indicate that the air diversion volume has a negative, exponential relation with the volume of gas emitted from goaf to the working face and is clearly inversely related to gas concentration. We calculated the minimum amount of air diversion and distributed air volume in the tailing roadway required for safe production.     

二道岭矿区地质构造的控气规律研究

针对内蒙古二道岭矿区构造复杂,构造部位及影响带多显示瓦斯异常和煤与瓦斯突(喷)出多发、易发等特点,应用瓦斯地质理论,重点研究构造对煤层瓦斯赋存和突(喷)出的控制作用及规律。研究表明,"封闭型"压性、压扭性构造为煤层瓦斯的保存提供了良好的"封存效应",是控制区内煤层瓦斯含量整体较高和不均衡分布的关键因素;构造类型、性质和组合方式共同控制着煤层瓦斯的分区、分带和煤与瓦斯突(喷)出范围及机率。     

两软一硬煤层突出控制因素与发生规律

针对两软一硬煤层特殊的瓦斯地质条件,以云盖山井田一矿二1煤层为例,探寻了两软一硬煤层煤与瓦斯突出的控制因素,分析了掘进工作面掘进期间突出预测指标的分布特征,总结归纳了"两软一硬"煤层煤与瓦斯突出发生规律.研究结果表明,由于地质构造变动,云盖山一矿二1煤层产状变化较大,煤层倾角发生急剧变化的地带,地应力集中;受层间滑动构造的影响,煤层厚度变化较大,具有突然增厚、变薄以至尖灭、挤灭现象;二1煤层构造软煤呈连续层状发育.因此,在煤层薄、厚交接处(煤层急剧变化带),小断层附近,应力集中,瓦斯积聚,煤体破坏严重,易发生突出.此项研究,可为地质条件类似矿井开展瓦斯地质研究和瓦斯灾害防治工作提供方法借鉴和理论指导.     

煤与瓦斯突出的土力学分析

为了探索煤与瓦斯突出机理,根据岩体结构分类方法,把破坏类型为Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ类的煤视为散体结构岩体.借鉴土力学流土失稳理论分析煤与瓦斯突出机制,把临界失稳梯度作为煤体的抗突强度指标.通过对煤体瓦斯压力梯度变化过程的分析,指出低透气性煤比高透气性煤更容易发生高强度突出的原因是由于低透气性煤的"失稳分层"的单位体积煤体具有更高的气体膨胀能.提出隔渗帷幕法和反滤层法2种控突思路.     

Deformation mechanism and excavation process of large span intersection within deep soft rock roadway

The FLAC3D software was used to simulate and analyze numerically the displacement, stress and plastic zone distribution characteristics of a large span intersection in a deep soft rock roadway after the surrounding rock was excavated. Our simulation results show that there are two kinds of dominating factors affecting roadway stability at points of intersection, one is the angle between horizontal stress and axial direction of the roadway and the other are the angles at the points of intersection. These results are based on a study we carried out as follows: first, we analyzed the failure mechanism of a large span intersection and then we built a mechanical model of a rock pillar at one of the points of intersection. At the end of this analysis, we obtained the failure characteristics of the critical parts on the large span intersection. Given these failure characteristics, we proposed a new supporting method, i.e., a Double-Bolt Control Technology (DBCT). By way of numerical simulation, DBCT can effectively control the deformation of the surrounding rock at the points of intersection in roadways.     

Regression analysis of major parameters affecting the intensity of coal and gas outbursts in laboratory

Estimating the intensity of outbursts of coal and gas is important as the intensity and frequency of outbursts of coal and gas tend to increase in deep mining. Fully understanding the major factors contributing to coal and gas outbursts is significant in the evaluation of the intensity of the outburst. In this paper, we discuss the correlation between these major factors and the intensity of the outburst using Analysis of Variance(ANOVA) and Contingency Table Analysis(CTA). Regression analysis is used to evaluate the impact of these major factors on the intensity of outbursts based on physical experiments. Based on the evaluation, two simple models in terms of multiple linear and nonlinear regression were constructed for the prediction of the intensity of the outburst. The results show that the gas pressure and initial moisture in the coal mass could be the most significant factors compared to the weakest factor-porosity. The P values from Fisher's exact test in CTA are: moisture(0.019), geostress(0.290), porosity(0.650), and gas pressure(0.031). P values from ANOVA are moisture(0.094), geostress(0.077), porosity(0.420), and gas pressure(0.051). Furthermore, the multiple nonlinear regression model(RMSE: 3.870) is more accurate than the linear regression model(RMSE: 4.091).     

Theory and technology of preventing water from flooding roadways

According to the principle of effective stress action of rock and soil, we established a mechanical model of water flooding into roadways, analyzed the constitutive relation of hydrodynamic pressure and contact pressure of rock and soil and discovered that the process of pre-grouting of a roadway curtain is a dynamically balancing process in which effective stress keeps gradually increasing and pore water pressure gradually declines. In such a grouting process, the initial water plugging effect is realized when the effective stress and total stress reaches equilibrium. A rigid-flexible packing layer is designed behind the brickwork to increase the effective stress and reduce pore water pressure in order to have a permanent water proof performance. This provides a theoretical basis for roadway driving and permanent water prevention. The monitoring and application results show that the initial and permanent waterproof theory has provided an effective method for roadway driving and making it waterproof.     

Deformation and failure study of surrounding rocks of dynamic pressure roadways in deep mines

In order to understand the change rules of stress-displacement in surrounding rocks of dynamic pressure roadways in deep mines and to obtain a theoretical basis for analyses of roadway stability and designs of support,we established a coupling equation of adjacent rock strength,mining stress and supporting resistance on the basis of an elastic-plastic theory of mechanics.We obtained an analytical solution for stress and displacement distribution of elastic and plastic regions in surrounding rock of dynamic pressure roadway..Based on this theory,we have analyzed the changes in stress-displacement in elastic and plastic regions of surrounding rocks of dynamic pressure roadways in the Haizi Coal Mine.The results show that:1) radial and tangential stress change violently within the first 4 m from the inner surface of a roadway after excavation;radial stress increases while tangential stress decreases within a range of about 6 m from the inner surface of the roadway as a function of q3;2) radial and tangential stress increase with an increase in the mining pressure coefficient k;the increase in the rate of tangential stress is greater than that of radial stress;3) the radial displacement of the inner surface of roadways decreases with an increase in q3,provided that k remains unchanged.     

半封闭受限空间煤尘与瓦斯耦合爆炸研究

煤尘参与的瓦斯爆炸事故具有很强的破坏性和伤害性,是煤矿的重大事故之一.用一端开口的半封闭管道爆炸实验装置,通过改变瓦斯与煤尘耦合爆炸浓度及点火条件,揭示受限空间瓦斯与煤尘耦合爆炸的规律.实验结果表明,封闭下的耦合体爆炸火焰传播速度较开口状态达到极值快,但极值点距点火位置较近,开口爆炸火焰传播距离是积聚耦合体长度的2倍左右;瓦斯参与的煤尘爆炸,爆炸相对强度随瓦斯浓度的增加而增加,传播距离更远;理论推导瓦斯与煤尘耦合爆炸超压传播距离与爆炸能量的平方根成正比,与巷道断面积的平方根成反比,研究结果为防治瓦斯爆炸、事故勘验以及阻隔爆装置的研制提供了可靠的实验数据.     

Technical scheme and application of pressure-relief gas extraction in multi-coal seam mining region

A pressure relief gas extraction technical model of a typical mining area is proposed based on coal and gas simultaneous extraction theory. Flac3 Dwas employed to model vertical stress and displacement contour plot characteristics of non-outburst coal seam(No. 4) on top of outburst coal seam(No. 2) along strike and incline directions. Field investigations were also conducted to verify the scientific nature of the simulation. The results demonstrate that gas pressure in No. 2 coal seam dropped to approximately 0.55 MPa in the pressure relief multi-coal seam. The highest expansion rate of the coal mine reached up to 2.58%.The pressure-relief angle was 76° along the incline direction and 60° along the strike direction. As the expansion rate and pressure-relief angle increased and the gas pressure decreased, a large amount of gas flowed into the gob of No. 4 from No. 2 coal seam and was later discharged through specific gas pipes,which eliminated No. 2 outburst risks. This study resulted in positive outcomes in that gas extraction time was reduced by 13.5 days, due to pressure relief, and drilling work load was reduced by 0.1161 m/t coal. This method ensures that gas is discharged from the outburst coal seam quickly and safely,demonstrating that the proposed technical model of pressure-relief gas extraction is effective in a multi-coal seam region.