The mechanical response of piles with consideration of pile-soil interactions under a periodic wave pressure

The pile-soil interaction under wave loads is an extremely complex and difficult issue in engineering. In this study, a physical model test is designed based on the principle of the gravity similarity to obtain time histories of wave forces of unsteady regular waves, and to measure the magnitude and the distribution of wave forces acting on the piles. A numerical model and relevant numerical methods for the pile-soil contact surface are adopted based on the principles of elastic dynamics. For a practical project, the time histories of wave forces on the piles are obtained through physical model tests. The deformations of the piles in the pile-soil interactions and the distribution of the bending moment on the piles are studied. It is shown that, with the increase of the period of wave pressures, the absolute value of the horizontal displacement of the piles increases, the embedment depth of the piles increases, and the scope of influence of soils increases. The change of the bending moment on the piles is consistent with that of its theoretical results, and the proposed numerical method can very well simulate the properties of the piles.     

A possible mechanism of destruction of coastal trees by tsunamis: A hydrodynamic study on effects of coastal steep hills

In this paper, experimental and numerical studies are presented to understand why some trees close to the shoreline survived the 25 October 2010 Mentawai tsunami, while trees further inland before a steep coastal hill were all destroyed. A set of experiments were performed in a wave flume to measure the flow depths and forces acting on tree models, and the experimental results were used to verify our numerical model. Cross-shore distribution of the flow depth and the flow-induced bending moment acting on tree trunks were studied using our numerical model. Our results show that the presence of the steep hill increased both the flow depth and the bending moment acting on trees close to the steep hill, and might be an important mechanism responsible for the destruction of coastal trees.     

直墙波浪力计算中几个问题的探讨

由于近岸波浪动力受地形等主要因素的影响变化剧烈,尤其伴随着波浪破碎,增加了直墙上波浪力确定的困难。直墙上波浪力的确定在现阶段仍以物理模型试验为主。然而,不同的研究者所得的结果往往差异较大。文中通过物理模型试验,对直墙上波浪力计算中几个常见的问题进行了进一步的研究和探讨,提出同时刻压强沿水深的分布型式主要有局部冲击型、均匀分布型和过渡型三种。分析结果可为直墙波浪力更为准确的确定提供依据。     

聚焦波浪与直立圆柱作用的数值模拟

基于Fluent平台建立了可用于波浪传播模拟的数值计算水槽,利用不同波浪参数的线性规则波模拟分析了网格尺度L/Δx对产生波浪质量的影响,确定数值水槽的网格划分尺度,并验证了阻尼消波的有效性。在此基础上,用模拟频谱的方法对聚焦波浪的传播进行了数值模拟,通过数值模拟与物理试验不同位置处的聚焦波波面和聚焦点下水质点速度时间过程线对比,验证了模拟频谱方法数值计算的有效性。进一步对聚焦波浪与直立圆柱的作用进行了数值模拟,数值模拟聚焦波面过程、聚焦波浪水质点速度、圆柱周围波浪波动过程、圆柱上所受的波压力等,并与试验结果进行了对比,数值计算结果与试验结果吻合很好,验证了所建立的数值水槽的有效性。对聚焦波波面和压力特征值进行了误差分析,并分析了误差的产生原因,为进一步研究聚焦波浪与工程结构物的作用奠定基础。     

椭圆余弦波与直墙的相互作用

本文基于椭圆余弦波理论研究了浅水立波对直墙的作用，并对工程常遇到的波浪范围进行了计算，为了检验理论成果，进行了模型试验，并根据试验结果修正了理论公式，为便于工程应用，拟合了适宜于设计者使用的经验公式。     

Numerical prediction of hydrodynamic forces on a ship passing through a lock with different configurations简

A CFD method is used to numerically predict the hydrodynamic forces and moments acting on a ship passing through a lock with a constant speed. By solving the RANS equations in combination with the RNG k-e turbulence model, the unsteady viscous flow around the ship is simulated and the hydrodynamic forces and moments acting on the ship are calculated. UDF is com-piled to define the ship motion. Meanwhile, grid regeneration is dealt with by using the dynamic mesh method and sliding interface technique. Under the assumption of low ship speed, the effects of free surface elevation are neglected in the numerical simulation. A bulk carrier ship model is taken as an example for the numerical study. The numerical results are presented and compared with the available experimental results. By analyzing the numerical results obtained for locks with different configurations, the influences of approach wall configuration, lock configuration symmetry and lock chamber breadth on the hydrodynamic forces and moments are demonstrated. The numerical method applied in this paper can qualitatively predict the ship-lock hydrodynamic interaction and pro-vide certain guidance on lock design.     

波浪作用下悬移质泥沙运动的两相流数值模型

该文采用基于水沙两相紊流的数值模型对波浪作用下的悬移质泥沙运动进行研究。基本方程中将水相和颗粒相通过相间作用力进行耦合,合理地考虑了相间相对运动的影响。数值计算方法为有限体积法,对流项处理利用了三阶精度的QUICK格式,离散方程组求解采用的是TDMA迭代方法。计算得到的悬移质泥沙垂线时均计算值与不同尺度的水槽实验数据吻合很好,表明数学模型及其计算方法对于低浓度水沙两相问题是合理的。该研究还探讨了悬沙浓度、泥沙沉降速度以及各种相间作用力随时间的分布规律。     

一种浅水波浪数值模型的应用研究

简述目前几种浅水波浪数值预报模式，介绍了国内外以能量平衡方程预报浅水波浪的若干模式，重点介绍了应用当今最新波浪研究成果发展起来的并经过若干理论及现场观测资料验证的SWAN模型，详细论述了模型的特点及其适用性，其动谱能量平衡方程的数值离散格式及对能量源汇项的处理方法，利用SWAN模型计算了在不同水深时流场对波浪传播的影响，并与线性波流理论计算结果进行比较；最后，将模型应用于海安湾的浅水波浪数值计算，模拟湾内波高及周期场分布，并与观测结果进行比较。     

圆柱墩群上波浪力计算

根据平面波与圆柱群相互作用理论，计算了柱群由4个同径柱分别分布在正方形和矩形角点上，4个异径柱分布在矩形角点上和9个同径柱等间距分布的柱列等4种情况的柱上波浪力。     

斜坡上封闭水平板波浪上托力试验研究

波浪对平板的上托力是海上透空结构物设计的重要依据，不同布置形式的平板波浪上托力有不同的变化规律。本文通过系列模型试验，对斜坡上尾部封闭的水平板波浪上托力产生的机理进行了详细的分析和论述，认为影响其大小的直接因素与尾部透空情况相同，仍为几何因素、动力因素和空气垫层因素，但各因素对波浪上托力的影响程度发生了很大变化。试验结果表明，板下最大冲击压强与最大总上托力并不总是同步发生，其压强分布形式也不尽相同，应分别考虑。     

分层强剪切环境下减阻板对圆柱减阻效应研究

由于上下水层流动反向,柱体在分层流环境中与密度均一流环境中受力差别较大。将密度均一流环境下上游减阻板对柱体减阻的概念引入分层流环境下的圆柱受力研究中,建立三维数值模型,采用大涡模拟(LES)技术,研究内波环境下圆柱的减阻效应。结果表明:在上层水体中,减阻板对柱体受力影响较大;在下层水体中,减阻板几乎不起作用。减阻板背部的漩涡形态是影响柱体减阻效应的根本原因。减阻参数(阻塞比l/D及“板-柱”间距s/D)决定了柱周漩涡结构特征,直接影响减阻效果。引入减阻比B_R量化了减阻效果,采用回归分析拟合出B_R与s/l的经验公式。需将减阻参数控制在合理范围内,避免发生“减阻过度”。研究成果对提高近岸及河口建筑物墩柱安全有重要意义。     

垂直桩柱正向波流力的计算及水动力系数C_D、C_M分析方法的探讨

文中首先综述了目前常用的水动力系数C_D,C_M的分析方法,并通过大量实验结果的分析对比得出,只要按本文所定义的KC数相同,则无论是纯波场,还是波流共存场,不管是规则波情况下还是不规则波情况下,都应具有相近的C_D、C_M值。文中还通过计算值与实验结果的对比,验证了本文所述波流共存场中不规则波情况下桩柱波流力计算方法是切实可行的。     

CALCULATION OF MANOEUVERING HYDRODYNAMIC FORCE INCLUDING THE EFFECT OF VISCOSITY

Based on the method of Chapman and Yamasaki, this paper calculates the wave making hydrodynamic forces acting on a yawed ship. In order to study the effect of viscosity, this paper calculates the wave making resistance of a new ship model whose boundary is formed by adding the displacement thickness on real ship body. The comparisons between the calculated results of a Wigley model and experimental values verify the validity of the new model and the numerical methods.     

有限深两层流体中水波与水平圆柱潜体的相互作用

研究了有限深两层流体中表面波模态和内波模态的水波与水平圆柱潜体的相互作用问题。在线性势流理论框架内,建立了两种模态入射波作用下,水平圆柱体绕射势的多极展开求解理论。基于所建立的求解模型,对作用在圆柱体上的波浪力进行了数值计算分析,并且与均匀流中情况进行了比较。结果表明了,在入射波的某个频率范围内,流体的分层效应对圆柱体波浪力的影响是不可忽略的。同时,对流域内的绕射速度矢量场进行了数值分析。     

THREE-DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF WAVE SLAMMING ON AN OPEN STRUCTURE

The three-dimensional numerical simulation of wave slamming on an open structure in the splash zone is carried out based upon the Volume Of Fluid (VOF) method.A wave basin is established by solving the...     

WAVE INTERACTION WITH PERFORATED CAISSON BREAKWATERS

The reflection coefficient of perforated caissons and the total horizontal forces acting on them were experimentally and numerically analyzed and discussed when wave propagates normally. To consider the viscosity effect of fluid and nonlinear action of waves on structures, the VOF (Volume Of Fluid) method combined with the k-ε turbulence model was used to simulate the interaction between waves and structures. Governing equations were solved with the finite difference method. Through 2D experimental study in the wave flume, the empirical relationship between the reflection coefficient of perforated caissons and the main affecting factors were obtained from the experimental data using the least square method. Also the correlation between the ratio of the total horizontal force acting on perforated caisson and the force acting on solid caisson and the main affecting factors were regressed from the experimental data.     

基于SWASH模型的近岸波浪传播变形数值模拟

SWASH模型是一种新型的非静压时域波浪模拟。为了探讨SWASH模型对于解决近岸波浪传播变形问题的适用性,在对其控制方程、边界条件、数值解法等进行介绍的基础上,采用该模型分别模拟了正向规则波、斜向规则波和斜向不规则波入射条件下L形防波堤附近水域的波浪场和波生流场,并与物理试验结果进行对比。结果表明,SWASH模型较好地复演了波浪在近岸区域所发生的浅水变形、折射、破碎,以及堤前反射、堤内绕射等物理现象,波高沿断面的定量分布与试验结果吻合良好,同时较好地模拟了不同波况下防波堤附近水域的波生流场,说明该模型适用于复杂岸线和地形条件下波浪传播变形的数值模拟。     

内孤立波环境下柱体的受力特性

针对以往孤立波对柱体作用研究多只针对柱体的整体受力开展,少有研究精细获取柱体不同部位受力特性的问题,借助三维大涡模拟(LES)数值波浪水槽,通过提取柱周流场及压强分布,得到柱体所受压差阻力及黏滞力的垂向分布,对柱体在孤立波环境中的受力特性进行了分析,并采用多元线性回归分析,构造综合影响参数分析了柱体受力特性,构建了柱体受力系数经验表达式。结果表明:上下层水体中方柱所受压差阻力约分别为圆柱的1.5倍和3.5倍;作用于柱体上的黏滞力比压差阻力小1或2个数量级,可忽略流体的黏性效应;综合影响参数与相对波幅正相关,与上下水深比负相关。     

小尺寸双柱式桥墩波浪力的数值分析

Morison 方程适用于小直径孤立柱的波浪力计算,对于双柱式桥墩的波浪力计算已不能直接采用 Morison 方程。为了能利用 Morison 方程求解双柱式桥墩的波浪力,定义了双柱式桥墩前柱、后柱及整体结构的波浪力干扰系数。采用线性波浪理论,利用推板式造波方法模拟线性波,将 ANSYS Workbench平台作为 FLUENT 和 ANSYS 的数据传递平台,对深水环境下双柱式桥墩受到的波浪力以及波浪场作用下双柱式桥墩的结构变形进行单向流固耦合数值模拟。数值模拟结果表明,双柱式桥墩前、后柱波浪力的干扰系数在一定柱距范围内均随柱距的增大近似的成线性增大,当柱距超过一定值后趋于稳定。由于双柱间存在相位差,双柱墩波浪力的总干扰系数以及双柱墩的结构变形却随着双柱中心距的增大而减小。这些变化曲线为实际工程中深水桥梁双柱式桥墩的波浪荷载计算提供了一种更为简便的算法。     

THE STATISTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF IRREGULAR BREAKING WAVE FORCES ON VERTICAL WALLS

ＴＨＥＳＴＡＴＩＳＴＩＣＣＨＡＲＡＣＴＥＲＩＳＴＩＣＳＯＦＩＲＲＥＧＵＬＡＲＢＲＥＡＫＩＮＧＷＡＶＥＦＯＲＣＥＳＯＮＶＥＲＴＩＣＡＬＷＡＬＬＳ￥ＬｉＹｕ－ｃｈｅｎｇ；ＬｉｕＤａ－ｚｈｏｎｇ（Ｄｅｐｔ．ｏｆＣｉｖｉｌＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ，Ｄａｌｉａｎ...