细晶（Mg,Y）—PSZ陶瓷在热蒸汽条件下的腐蚀行为

研究细晶（Ｍｇ，Ｙ）－ＰＳＺ陶瓷在１７５℃（１．２ＭＰａ）热蒸汽环境下的腐蚀行为。研究发现。细晶（Ｍｇ，Ｙ）－ＰＳＺ陶瓷不仅比３Ｙ－ＴＺＰ陶瓷具有良好的抗水热腐蚀能力，而且也比Ｍｇ－ＰＳＺ陶瓷具有更高的常温抗弯强度。相变激活能的计算结果表明，热蒸汽环境下，（Ｍｇ，Ｙ）－ＰＳＺ陶瓷具有与Ｙ－ＴＺＰ及Ｃｅ－ＡＺＰ陶瓷相近的相变激活能。进一步说明水分子与Ｚｒ－Ｏ－Ｚｒ键相互作用大幅度降低了材料的相变激活     

具有形状记忆的新物质

日本物质材料研究机构（NIMS）敏感材料中心与中国西安交通大学融合材料研究中心共同发现了一种称为“应变玻璃态合金”的新物质。该物质是一种不发生马氏体相变（M相变），但具有形状记忆效应和巨大超弹性的合金。该物质的发现颠覆了人们以往对形状记忆合金的认识，     

TiNi记忆合金的马氏体相变与形状记忆效应

对近些年来有关ＴｉＮｉ记忆合金中马氏相变和形状记忆效应的最新研究成果进行综合评述。主要内容包括马氏体的形成，相变晶体学和变体自协作以及变形行为和形状记忆效应。     

氧化锆增韧陶瓷的相变及相变增韧

本文阐述了氧化锆增韧陶瓷（ＺＴＣ）的相变增韧机理，并探讨了热处理工艺对ＺＴＣ的相变及显微组织的影响规律。     

A位取代对xPMnS-（1-x）PZN陶瓷相变特性的影响

研究了xPMnS-（1-x）PZN四元系压电陶瓷的相变特征，分析了Ba^2＋、Sr^2＋取代对材料相变特性的影响。结果表明，xPMnS-（1-x）PZN陶瓷具有弥散性相变特点，在相变过程中存在明显的介电热滞。Ba^2＋、Sr^2＋取代使相变温度降低，相变弥散性增强。Ba^2＋取代使介电热滞增加，Sr^2＋取代使介电热滞减小，这是由于Ba^2＋取代使非谐效应增强，利于顺电相的稳定，Sr^2＋取代使原胞间的相互作用增强，利于铁电相的稳定。     

TiNi基形状记忆合金的温度记忆效应研究进展

TiNi形状记忆合金经过一次不完全相变循环后将对随后的相变过程产生很大的影响，因此近年来由不完全相变诱发的特殊的温度记忆效应（TemperatureMemory Effect，TME）现象引起人们的关注：如果从马氏体到母相的逆相变在第一次加热过程中在温度瓦处被中断，而后冷却到马氏体相变终了温度以下，在随后的加热过程会出现被一个动力学中断点Ts分开的两阶段逆相变，Ts可“记住”Ti综述了近年来TiNi基形状记忆合佥的TME研究新进展，阐述了具有不同马氏体相变特征的TiNi基记忆合金中TME的特点及其机理。     

NiTiHf高温形状记忆合金的相变行为和形状记忆效应

利用透射电镜、X射线衍射仪和示差热分析仪系统分析了Ni49Ti36Hf15合金的相变行为及其形状记忆效应。结果表明，Ni49Ti36Hf15合金的热马氏体变体间构成典型的自协作组态，主要呈矛头状、镶嵌块状和楔状3种形态，亚结构主要为（001）复合孪晶。随着热循环次数的增加，相变温度降低，经50次热循环后，相变温度随热循环次数增加变化趋势不明显。固溶处理Ni49Ti36Hf15合金在20－184℃范围内弯曲变形时，呈现良好的形状记忆效应，其最大可恢复应变可达3％。形状恢复率随着弯曲变形温度的增加而下降，当弯曲变形温度大于317℃时，形状恢复率下降为0。     

新型铁磁马氏体相变材料研究取得新进展

铁磁马氏体相变材料具有磁驱大应变、磁驱形状记忆、磁驱超弹性、大磁电阻、大磁熵变、相变相关霍尔效应、相变相关交换偏置等丰富的物理行为，成为当今凝聚态物理和材料科学的研究热点之一。在传统马氏体相变中，体系通过非扩散、位移型晶格切变而发生一级马氏体相变，其诱发因素通常为温度和应力。铁磁马氏体相变材料发生相变时，晶体结构和磁结构同时发生变化。如果两磁性相的饱和磁化强度差异（AM）较大，则可使得外磁场成为驱动马氏体相变的一个新物理量。因此，获得大的AM成为磁相变材料领域的一个重要研究目标。     

发展形状记忆材料的展望

根据马氏体相变的特征:代位原子无扩散切变,以不变平面应变进行形状改变,以及按群论应用于马氏体相变的表述式,导出材料具有形状记忆效应的条件,即只要形成单变体或接近单变体马氏体,防止阻碍形状记忆效应因素如位错的形成和材料通过马氏体相变及其逆相变就能显示形状记忆效应。     

Co-x%Mn合金中的fcc→hcp相变和相关的形状记忆效应

Co-Mn合金是磁诱发形状记忆效应候选材料之一，本文制备了不同Mn含量的Co-Mn合金，研究了合金成分对Co-Mn二元合金中应力诱发γ(fcc)→ε(hcp)马氏体相变及形状记忆效应的影响作用，研究结果发现，对于能够发生γ→ε马氏体相变的Co-Mn合金，具有部分形状记忆效应；随着Mn含量的增加，马氏体量减小，基体的强度降低，导致合金的形状回复率和可回复应变均有不同程度的下降。     

形状记忆材料研究综述

综述了镍钛、铜基、铁基形状记忆合金,热致型、光致型、电致型、磁致型、化学感应型形状记忆高分子,以及形状记忆陶瓷的形状记忆机理、特性及其应用现状,并提出形状记忆材料的研究方向为：加强形状记忆合金的抗疲劳性能研究,建立一套统一的研究方法和合理的评价体系;加强形状记忆高分子材料的结构设计研究;改善陶瓷的形状记忆性能,以拓展形状记忆陶瓷的应用领域。     

形状记忆反铁电陶瓷的相变及有关的形状变化

用高温Ｘ射线衍射法和示差热分析法研究了记忆反铁电陶瓷中的相变，根据晶体学原理解释了反铁电→铁电相变时Ｘ射线衍射谱的变化，观察了伴随着这一相变所产生的形状变化。     

Perspective in Development of Shape Memory Materials Associated with Martensitic Transformation

By consideration of the characteristics of martensitic transformation and the derivation from the application of the group theory to martensitic transformation, it may be concluded that the shape memory effect (SME) can be attained in materials through a martensitic transformation and its reverse transformation. only when there forms single or nearly single variant of martensite, with an absence of the factors causing the generation of the resistance against SME. on this principle, various shape memory materials including nonferrous alloys. iron-based alloys and ceramics containjng zirconia are expected to be further developed. A criterion for thermoelastic martensitic transformation is presented, Factors which may act as the resistance against SME in various materials are briefly described     

Shape Memory Materials for Biomedical Applications

Shape memory properties provide a very attractive insight into materials science, opening unexplored horizons and giving access to unconventional functions in every material class (metals, polymers, and ceramics). In this regard, the biomedical field, forever in search of materials that display unconventional properties able to satisfy the severe specifications required by their implantation, is now showing great interest in shape memory materials, whose mechanical properties make them extremely attractive for many biomedical applications. However, their biocompatibility, particularly for long‐term and permanent applications, has not yet been fully established and is therefore the object of controversy. On the other hand, shape memory polymers (SMPs) show promise, although thus far, their biomedical applications have been limited to the exploration. This paper will first review the most common biomedical applications of shape memory alloys and SMPs and address their critical biocompatibility concerns. Finally, some engineering implications of their use as biomaterials will be examined.     

Stress-induced phase transitions in elastic solids

This paper describes a continuum model, developed recently by R. Abeyaratne and the author, for the response of elastic solids capable of undergoing stress-induced phase transitions. Models of the kind sketched here and their generalizations are intended to apply to both quasi-static and dynamic experiments for shape memory alloys and to impact-induced phase changes in ceramics. The present discussion is confined to a purely mechanical theory, omitting thermal effects, so that the natural setting is the nonlinear theory of elasticity. The presentation below is limited to one space dimension.     

多孔PZT95/5铁电陶瓷的机械性能和铁电性能研究

采用添加造孔剂的方法制备多孔锆钛酸铅(PZT95/5)铁电陶瓷, 研究了孔结构包括孔隙率、孔径及孔形状对多孔PZT95/5陶瓷机械性能和电性能的影响及机理, 并揭示多孔PZT95/5陶瓷微观结构、机械性能和铁电性能的内在联系。研究表明: 孔隙率的增加降低了多孔PZT95/5陶瓷的声阻抗, 改善了陶瓷与封装材料的声阻抗匹配. 孔隙率增加, 多孔PZT95/5陶瓷的屈服应力和剩余极化强度降低, 矫顽场强增大。孔结构对多孔PZT95/5陶瓷屈服应力的影响可由应力集中理论解释; 多孔PZT95/5陶瓷剩余极化强度随孔结构的变化可用内应力结合空间电荷理论加以解释。     

Martensitic transformation in zirconia containing ceramics and its applications

An introduction to tetragonal (t) → monoclinic (m) martensitic transformation in zirconia containing ceramics, especially tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (TZP) was presented. Thermodynamics, crystallographics and kinetics of t → m martensitic transformation in TZP were emphasized. Transformation toughening and shape memory effect (SME) associated with t → m martensitic transformation in the TZP were reviewed. Perspective of future challenges was briefly mentioned at the end.     

Optical Study of Domains in Antiferroelectric Ceramics

Antiferroelectric ceramics are now highly focused as giant strain actuator materials. In this study, domain formation in antiferroelectric lead zirconate based ceramics (Pb_0.99Nb_0.02[(Zr_0.6Sn_0.4)_1-yTi_y]_0.98O₃) was observed dynamically under an electric field at various temperatures using a high-resolution charge-coupled-device (CCD) microscope system. Field induced polarization and field induced strain were also measured. No domain was observed without an electric field, but clear domains appeared with an electric field due to the phase transition from an antiferroelectric to a ferroelectric state. Results of the optical study can explain well the electrical properties. The behavior of the field induced domains showed a shape memory effect and the domains were well oriented compared with normal ferroelectric ceramics.     

热固性环氧树脂形状记忆聚合物的研究进展

热固性环氧树脂形状记忆聚合物是目前形状记忆聚合物研究领域的热点之一,文中介绍了热固性环氧树脂形状记忆聚合物的最新研究进展,详细探讨了各种热固性环氧树脂形状记忆聚合物的特点与性能,以及温度、辐射、固化程度对环氧树脂形状记忆聚合物性能的影响,并对环氧树脂形状记忆复合材料的性能进行了讨论,最后分析了热固性环氧树脂形状记忆聚合物研究中存在的问题。     

智能材料和结构

介绍了智能材料（intelloigent materials or smart materials)和智能结构（intelligent structure)的基本概念，分类和发展，并对当前材料研究关注热点的四类智能材料；压电陶瓷和压电聚合物，综合性光纤，形状记忆合金，电流变体和磁流变体作了较详细的描述，则时对智能材料和结构在各个领域中的应用进行了探讨。