一种双轴直驱平台新型同步渐近跟踪控制设计

针对双轴直驱平台伺服系统中存在同步进给的问题,提出一种交叉耦合迭代学习控制器与自适应加加速度控制器相结合的新型同步控制方法。首先,构建同步误差,利用交叉耦合控制器解决双轴的耦合问题;设计自适应PD型学习律减小同步误差,实现双轴协调同步。采用模型前馈控制补偿系统的参数不确定性,提高系统的响应速度。自适应加加速度控制器抑制系统中外部扰动、摩擦力等不确定性因素,实现系统的渐近跟踪控制。加加速度积分后形成反馈控制律,保证了控制信号的稳定性和连续性。设计自适应更新律,使鲁棒增益实现指数收敛并削弱测量噪声对系统的影响,增强系统的鲁棒性。系统实验结果表明,该方法能够明显地提高系统的同步性能,改善双轴直驱平台伺服系统的控制精度。     

基于NDO的ROV滤波反步轨迹跟踪控制

针对作业型遥控水下机器人(ROV)在轨迹跟踪过程中存在模型非线性、强耦合、模型参数不确定和外界干扰不确定等问题,提出一种基于非线性干扰观测器(NDO)的滤波自适应反步控制策略。使用NDO观测模型的不确定性和外界干扰,通过指令滤波器避免了直接对虚拟控制量解析求导的过程,利用自适应律补偿观测器观测残量。通过Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了跟踪误差系统的渐进稳定。仿真实验表明,设计的控制器能够实现精确的轨迹跟踪,具有较好的鲁棒特性。     

Adaptive output control of a mobile manipulator hanging from a quadcopter unmanned vehicle

This article summarizes the comprehensive design of an adaptive control that solves the trajectory tracking of a four-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle supplied by an own-designed grasping device. The controller design uses the regular proportional–derivative (PD) structure which is common to solve regulation, as well as tracking problems for robotic systems. The PD structure needs the estimation of the time-derivative to be exerted on-line. The super-twisting algorithm served to operate as a decentralized estimator of the derivatives for the tracking errors. The controller gains were adjusted by the differential laws aimed to track attainable reference trajectories. The adaptive strategy adjusts the controller gains enforcing the convergence of both the estimation and the tracking errors. A numerical example showed the observer/controller performance. A comparison with a classic non-adaptive PD controller confirms the effectiveness on the tracking task by the proposed design. In addition, a set of virtual numerical evaluations using the parameters of a real quadcopter system confirmed the performance benefits of the adaptive controller based on the PD structure aided with the estimation of the velocity obtained by the observer.     

An enhanced tracking control of marine surface vessels based on adaptive integral sliding mode control and disturbance observer

In this paper, a new control methodology is developed to enhance the tracking performance of fully actuated surface vessels based on an integrating between an adaptive integral sliding mode control (AISMC) and a disturbance observer (DO). First, an integral sliding mode control (ISMC), in which the backstepping control technique is used as the nominal controller, is designed for the system. The major features, i.e., benefits and drawbacks, of the ISMC are discussed thoroughly. Then, to enhance the tracking performance of the system, an adaptive technique and a new disturbance observer based on sliding mode technique are developed and integrated into the ISMC. The stability of the closed-loop system is proved based on Lyapunov criteria. Computer simulation is performed to illustrate the tracking performance of the proposed controller and compare with the existing controllers for the tracking control of a surface vessel. The simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed strategy.     

Robust disturbance rejection control of a biped robotic system using high-order extended state observer

This study addressed the problem of robust control of a biped robot based on disturbance estimation. Active disturbance rejection control was the paradigm used for controlling the biped robot by direct active estimation. A robust controller was developed to implement disturbance cancelation based on a linear extended state observer of high gain class. A robust high-gain scheme was proposed for developing a state estimator of the biped robot despite poor knowledge of the plant and the presence of uncertainties. The estimated states provided by the state estimator were used to implement a feedback controller that was effective in actively rejecting the perturbations as well as forcing the trajectory tracking error to within a small vicinity of the origin. The theoretical convergence of the tracking error was proven using the Lyapunov theory. The controller was implemented by numerical simulations that showed the convergence of the tracking error. A comparison with a high-order sliding-mode-observer-based controller confirmed the superior performance of the controller using the robust observer introduced in this study. Finally, the proposed controller was implemented on an actual biped robot using an embedded hardware-in-the-loop strategy.     

Adaptive sliding mode current control with sliding mode disturbance observer for PMSM drives

This paper focuses on the current control of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) for electric drives with model uncertainties and external disturbances. To improve the performance of the PMSM current loop in terms of the speed of response, tracking accuracy, and robustness, a hybrid control strategy is proposed by combining the adaptive sliding mode control and sliding mode disturbance observer (SMDO). An adaptive law is introduced in the sliding mode current controller to improve the dynamic response speed of the current loop and robustness of the PMSM drive system to the existing parameter variations. The SMDO is used as a compensator to restrain the external disturbances and reduce the sliding mode control gains. Experiments results demonstrate that the proposed control strategy can guarantee strong anti-disturbance capability of the PMSM drive system with improved current and speed-tracking performance.     

Finite-time sliding mode controller for perturbed second-order systems

This paper presents a novel finite-time sliding mode controller applied to perturbed second order systems. The proposed scheme employs a disturbance observer that can identify growing in time disturbances. Then, the observer is combined with a sliding mode controller to achieve finite-time stabilization of the second-order system. The convergence of the observer as well as the finite-time stability of the closed-loop system is theoretically demonstrated. Besides, it is also shown that the finite-time convergence properties of a given controller can be enhanced when using a compensation term based on the disturbance observer. The proposed controller is compared with a twisting algorithm and a finite-time sliding mode controller with disturbance estimation. Also, a conventional proportional integral derivative (PID) controller is combined with the proposed disturbance observer in a trajectory tracking task. Numerical simulations indicate that the proposed controller attains finite-time stabilization of the second order system by requiring a less amount of power than that demanded by the other control schemes and without being affected by the peaking phenomenon. Besides, the performance of the PID technique is enhanced by applying the proposed control methodology.     

大型卧式仿真转台智能化同步-干扰控制

针对大型卧式液压仿真转台内部双液压马达摩擦力矩干扰、负载干扰和外框双液压马达同步驱动这三个影响转台控制性能的主要问题,分析并总结出转台外框双液压马达在“等同模式”和“主从模式”下的同步驱动模糊控制规则、各种同步控制模式的应用范围和切换规律;根据PID控制经验制定出直接自适应模糊控制规则。依据同步与PID模糊控制规则设计出同步—干扰模糊控制器并进行仿真分析。针对模糊控制器自学习能力较差等缺陷,在模糊控制的基础上,采用模糊神经网络(FNN)模型设计出多输入多输出(MIMO)的转台FNN控制器。软件仿真结果表明,当转台液压马达摩擦力矩发生变化、负载大范围波动或当转台外框两马达转速相差较大时,使用模糊神经网络模型的智能化转台控制系统具有较高的定位精度和动态性能。     

基于自适应滑模控制器的机械臂运动控制方法

由于无法消除机械臂运动过程中存在的高频振动,导致运动控制方法存在跟踪精度低、控制稳定性差和控制性能差等问题。对此,提出一种基于自适应滑膜控制器的机械臂运动控制方法,在机械臂动力学模型的基础上设计非线性观测器,对机械臂控制系统中存在的干扰信号进行观测,设计自适应滑膜控制器对干扰信号进行补偿。将补偿器引入自适应滑膜控制器中,其主要作用是抑制机械臂在运动过程中存在的高频振动,以提高控制稳定性,通过 Lyapunov 函数设计自适应滑膜控制器的总控制律,根据总控制律利用改进后的自适应滑膜控制器完成机械臂的运动控制。实验结果表明,所提方法的跟踪精度高、稳定性好、控制性能高。     

基于模糊干扰观测器的电动Stewart平台自适应模糊控制

建立了一个电动Stewart平台的统一动力学模型,并基于它设计了一种新型的自适应模糊控制算法。这个统一的动力学模型在任务空间中使用了Newton-Euler方法建立,同时结合了平台动力学和执行器动力学模型。自适应模糊控制算法使用计算力矩方法设计运动平台标称模型的逆动力学控制器,然后使用基于模糊干扰观测器的自适应模糊控制器对模型的不确定性和外部扰动进行补偿。通过数值仿真分析表明,在不引入高增益控制器的情况下,成功地消除了平台参数的不确定性和外部干扰的影响,保证了平台的跟踪性能。     

Trajectory tracking for two-degree of freedom helicopter system using a controller-disturbance observer integrated design

Trajectory tracking control for helicopters, which are widely used in severe situations such as military and rescue missions, is a challenging field of research. In helicopter system, the stability problem and predefined trajectories tracking are main challenges, especially in the presence of external disturbances and dynamic model uncertainties. Hence, a robust control design is needed for tracking the desired references. There has been a lot of motivation for solving these problems with simpler methods and also reducing the couplings in the helicopter system to achieve better performance, as the presented paper attempts to fill these gaps. This paper focuses on designing control laws for two-degree of freedom helicopter system while assuring the closed-loop stability. A nonlinear disturbance observer-based control (NDOBC) is designed for attenuating the effects of exogenous disturbances. Trajectory tracking controller and nonlinear disturbance observer are formulated in the form of two linear matrix inequality (LMI) problems. The closed-loop system stability, including controller and observer, is investigated by Lyapunov theorem. The effectiveness of the proposed design for tracking the trajectories (vertical flight and pitch angle rotor blade) and disturbance estimation is verified by simulation results.     

蛇形机器人跟踪误差预测的自适应轨迹跟踪控制器

为了满足蛇形机器人轨迹跟踪运动的精度需要,消除外界干扰对机器人跟踪误差的影响,提出了一种蛇形机器人跟踪 误差预测的自适应轨迹跟踪控制器。 所提出的控制器实现了机器人干扰变量、摩擦系数和控制参数的预测,并用预测值和虚拟 控制函数来补偿系统的控制输入,抵消了蛇形机器人在轨迹跟踪过程中的侧滑角,避免了干扰变量对机器人带来的负面影响, 提高了轨迹跟踪的误差稳定性与控制精度。 在建立蛇形机器人模型后,利用积分形式的侧滑角补偿项改进了视线法,并设计了 蛇形机器人的自适应轨迹跟踪控制器。 使机器人的位置误差在 10 s 内实现收敛,角度误差小于 0. 03 rad,预测值误差在 5 s 内 收敛。 通过仿真实验,验证了所提出的控制器的有效性和优越性。     

Robust adaptive integral backstepping control for opto-electronic tracking system based on modified LuGre friction model

This paper presents a robust adaptive integral backstepping control strategy with friction compensation for realizing accurate and stable control of opto-electronic tracking system in the presence of nonlinear friction and external disturbance. With the help of integral control term to decrease the steady-state error of the system and combining robust adaptive control approach with the backstepping design method, a novel control method is constructed. Nonlinear modified LuGre observer is designed to estimate friction behavior. Robust adaptive integral backstepping control strategy is developed to compensate the changes in friction behavior and external disturbance of the servo system. The stability of the opto-electronic tracking system is proved by Lyapunov criterion. The performance of robust adaptive integral backstepping controller is verified by the opto-electronic tracking system with modified LuGre model in simulation and practical experiments. Compared to the adaptive integral backstepping sliding mode control method, the root mean square of angle error is reduced by 26.6% when the proposed control method is used. The experiment results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed strategy.     

光电跟踪系统自抗扰伺服控制器的设计

考虑系统扰动对光电跟踪伺服系统精度的影响,提出了采用自抗扰的控制方案,并分析了实现自抗扰的工作原理。对某型光电跟踪系统进行了结构分析,将目标运动速度视为外部扰动,系统内部参数摄动视为内部扰动,采用扩张状态观测器从系统响应的输入、输出信号中估计出扰动,并进一步用跟踪微分器提取扰动的一阶导数来提高对扰动的估计精度,以最大程度地补偿扰动。实验结果表明,在载体扰动下,跟踪最大角速度为40mrad/s,最大角加速度为8mrad/s2,机动目标的误差0.1mrad,且响应速度快,超调10%。该方案结构简单,控制鲁棒性强;无需额外的传感器对目标运动进行测量、滤波和预测,即可有效提高系统高精度捕获、跟踪快速机动目标的能力。     

基于干扰观测器的时滞非线性切换系统滑模控制方法

为实现更加精准的时滞非线性切换系统滑模控制,应用干扰观测器设计一种新的系统滑模控制方法。构建时滞非线性切换系统模型,针对系统在发生结构变化时会产生复合干扰变化的情况,设计了一种非线性切换干扰观测器,实施系统不连续干扰的估计。通过 Backstepping 方法结合干扰观测器,设计一种切换滑模控制器,依据标量非线性特性打造一个滑模面,通过滑模控制器算法使时滞非线性切换系统能够满足滑模面的实际可达性条件,完成切换滑模控制器设计,实现系统的滑模控制。对设计的滑模控制方法进行测试,实验中选择的时滞非线性切换系统为一种变后掠翼 NSV 。实验结果表明,该设计方法能够实现较为准确地切入信号跟踪,表现出了很好的切换复合干扰估计性能。     

通过直线伺服鲁棒跟踪控制方法提高轮廓加工精度

为了减小零件加工的轮廓误差,提出了一种采用直线伺服驱动的零相位跟踪控制器(ZPETC)和干扰观测器 (DOB)相结合的鲁棒跟踪控制策略。零相位误差跟踪控制器作为前馈跟踪控制器,提高了快速性,使系统实现准确跟踪;基于干扰观测器的鲁棒反馈控制器补偿了外部扰动、未建模动态、系统参数变化和机械非线性等不确定因素,并根据预测到的干扰信息对各轴进行补偿以消除干扰对系统的影响,从而保证了系统的强鲁棒性能。仿真结果表明所提出的控制方案是有效的,既能实现完好跟踪,又有较强的鲁棒性能,从而提高了轮廓加工精度。     

基于等价输入干扰估计器的永磁同步电机无速度传感器控制

提出了一种新型的采用等价输入干扰估计器的永磁同步电机控制系统结构,其控制器采用PI控制方法,估计器采用状态观测器与低通滤波器的组合,在此结构下控制器与估计器的设计满足分离原理.为实时估计电机转速,根据定子侧测量的电压、电流值,基于扩展卡尔曼滤波方法(EKF)设计了电机的转速估计器.仿真结果表明在较宽的速度给定范围内,估计器有较高的估算精度,控制器能很好地抑制未知干扰,提高了永磁同步电机的性能.最后通过dSPACE实验验证了该方法的有效性.     

Controller design and experiment for autothermal reforming of methanol in miniature reactor

In this paper, a miniature methanol fuel processor and its controller design is introduced for onboard hydrogen production. The hydrogen is generated via autothermal reforming of methanol. The control scheme consists of a hydrogen flow rate controller and a reforming temperature controller. To deal with uncertain system dynamics and external disturbance, an adaptive sliding mode control algorithm is adopted as the hydrogen flow rate controller for regulating hydrogen flow rate by manipulating methanol flow rate. Additionally, a high-gain observer is implemented to estimate the unmeasurable system state. The stability of closed-loop system is guaranteed by standard Lyapunov analysis. Furthermore, a variable ratio control law is employed as the reforming temperature controller to achieve steady reforming temperature by adjusting the reforming air flow rate. Finally, the effectiveness of the entire system is testified by experimental means.     

Adaptive sliding mode disturbance rejection control with prescribed performance for robotic manipulators

This study proposes an adaptive sliding mode disturbance rejection control with prescribed performance for robotic manipulators. A transformation with respect to tracking error using certain performance functions is used to ensure the transient and steady-state performances of the trajectory tracking control for robotic manipulators. Using the transformed error, a nonsingular terminal sliding mode surface is proposed. A continuous terminal sliding mode control (SMC) is presented to stabilize the system. To compensate for the uncertainty and external disturbance, a novel sliding mode disturbance observer is proposed. Considering the unknown boundary of the derivative of a lumped disturbance, an adaptive law based on the idea of equivalent control is designed. Combining the adaptive law, continuous nonsingular terminal SMC, and sliding mode disturbance observer, the adaptive sliding mode disturbance rejection control with prescribed performance is developed. Simulations are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

Continuous high order sliding mode controller design for a flexible air-breathing hypersonic vehicle

This paper investigates the problem of tracking control with uncertainties for a flexible air-breathing hypersonic vehicle (FAHV). In order to overcome the analytical intractability of this model, an Input–Output linearization model is constructed for the purpose of feedback control design. Then, the continuous finite time convergence high order sliding mode controller is designed for the Input–Output linearization model without uncertainties. In addition, a nonlinear disturbance observer is applied to estimate the uncertainties in order to compensate the controller and disturbance suppression, where disturbance observer and controller synthesis design is obtained. Finally, the synthesis of controller and disturbance observer is used to achieve the tracking for the velocity and altitude of the FAHV and simulations are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the control strategies.