用单壁纳米碳管制备葡萄糖生物传感器的研究

以单壁纳米碳管为代表材料,对利用纳米碳管制备葡萄糖生物传感器中纳米碳管的作用和纳米碳管修饰电极的方法、酶的固定化方法及电极种类等因素对传感器性能的影响进行了研究.研究结果表明,纳米碳管的加入能有效地改善传感器的电化学性能,利用二茂铁和单壁纳米碳管共同修饰电极所制得的传感器的性能要好于仅用单壁纳米碳管修饰电极制得的传感器.在酶的固定化方法中,戊二醛交联法要略好于明胶包埋法;而利用铂电极制备出的生物传感器对葡萄糖的响应电流要明显高于利用金电极和玻碳电极制备出的生物传感器.这些结论对于开发纳米碳管在生物传感领域及生命科学相关领域的应用有参考价值.     

添加多壁纳米碳管活性炭电极材料的电化学电容特性

在活性炭电极材料中，用多壁纳米碳管作导电添加剂替代传统的炭黑、石墨粉等可较大地改善电极材料的性能。当添加质量分数为5％的多壁纳米碳管时，活性炭电化学电容器的比电容量由添加同量炭黑的130F／g增加到185F／g，同时提高了活性炭电容器的频率响应性能。基于该研究结果试制出不同规格的添加多壁纳米碳管的活性炭电化学电容器样品，结果表明添加多壁纳米碳管的活性炭电极材料具有良好的电化学电容特性。     

纳米碳管储氢机理的电化学研究

对流动催化剂法制备的平均直径为6nm的多壁纲米碳管（Multi-walled carbon nanotubes,MWNTs)进行纯化处理，提纯后的多壁纳米碳管利用透射电镜（TEM）表征和电化学储氢研究。同时对该纳米碳管电极进行了自放电实验。结果表明：多壁纳米碳管具有奶高的电化学储氢容量（739mAh/g），但氢与多壁纳米碳管之间的作用力很微弱，氢很容易从多壁纳米碳管中逃逸出。另外，通过对多壁纳米碳管的气相储氢性能的测试，根据实验结果推测；纳米碳管电化学储氢和气相储氢的主要吸附机理相同，即都是物理吸附。     

液流式电容型脱盐器纳米碳管电极的研究

将纳米碳管压制成电极,组装成液流式电容型电吸附脱盐器。经测试发现纳米碳管电极性能稳定,在盐水溶液中等效电阻小,约为2．4Ω;纳米碳管电极比脱盐量与盐水初始浓度之间存在如下关系：Wdesal=0．18C^1/3;在液流式电吸附脱盐器中,纳米碳管电极具有良好的稳定性和较长的使用寿命。     

电化学电容器中炭电极的研究及开发Ⅱ.炭电极

总结了各种炭材料作为电化学电容器电极材料的研究和开发现状，分析了炭材料的比表面积、孔分布、孔容、表面官能团、石墨微晶取向等特性，极化电极的制作工艺、电极密度、电极厚度、电极导电性以及附加准电容等电化学特性对电化学电容器性能的影响，着重介绍了近几年来用纳米碳管作电化学电容器极化电极所取得的进展，并展望了纳米碳管在这一领域应用的前景。     

失效AB5型贮氢合金电极材料在制备纳米碳管中的应用

纳米碳管是一种性能优异的新型功能材料.利用循环失效后的AB5型贮氢合金电极材料作为反应催化剂、乙炔气体作为原料气体通过CVD法制备出多壁纳米碳管,研究了经过破碎、清洗、氧化处理后的失效AB5型贮氢合金电极材料在合成纳米碳管中的催化性能,讨论了不同氧化温度处理催化剂对纳米碳管产率、形貌和结构稳定性的影响.结果表明,氧化处理温度对催化剂的催化效能有明显的影响,600℃为最佳氧化处理温度.以氧化处理后的失效AB5型贮氢合金电极材料作为催化剂制备碳纳米管,方法简单易行,为废旧镍氢电池负极材料的回收再利用提供了一种新的思路.     

纳米碳管电吸附氯化钠性能的研究

将纳米碳管制成电极,研究端电压、氯化钠溶液流量、氯化钠溶液初始浓度、纳米碳管管径对纳米碳管电极电吸附氯化钠性能的影响,结果表明:纳米碳管电极最佳脱盐的端电压和氯化钠溶液流量分别为2.0V和10mL/min,并且纳米碳管电极脱盐与纳米碳管的比表面积和氯化钠溶液初始浓度有关,在大量的实验数据上,得出了电极脱盐方程为ηdes...     

三聚氰胺基螯合树脂的超声合成及在镍离子传感器中的应用

采用超声法制备了三聚氰胺-甲醛-乙二胺四草酰乙酸螯合树脂(MFT)。利用MFT/纳米碳管复合物修饰充蜡石墨电极WGE(MFT/MWCNTs/WGE)制备了一种镍离子传感器。采用场发射扫描电镜及电化学等技术表征了该修饰电极的特性。结果显示,羧基化纳米碳管对MFT螯合树脂具有较强的粘合力,可使该螯合树脂有效地分散,并均匀地吸附在纳米碳管上。MFT/MWCNTs/WGE对镍离子检测效果较好,在1.0×10-11mol/L～1.0×10-10mol/L的浓度范围内,Ni(II)的溶出峰电流与其浓度呈良好的线性增长关系,其线性方程为i(μA)=9.58438+1.07753C x(1×10-11mol/L),R=0.991,检测限为1×10-13mol/L(3σ)。     

纳米态电极催化材料Au-Pt/半胱氨酸/Au电极的制备及性能研究

利用自组装技术制备了纳米态Au-Pt/半胱氨酸/Au电极,TEM、ED、XPS等研究表明双金属纳米粒子为Au合金,粒子的平均粒径＜10nm;通过组装时间可以控制双金属纳米颗粒组装的数量.对组装电极的电化学性能进行了测试,通过SEM对其表面结构进行了表征.结果表明,利用自组装方法可以制备纳米态Au-Pt/半胱氨酸/Au电极,该电极具有良好的电催化性能.     

基于Pt-Pb纳米花的无酶葡萄糖传感器性能研究

利用超声恒电流沉积法在金电极表面制备了Pt-Pb纳米花,并将其用于构建无酶葡萄糖传感器,采用阻抗谱、循环伏安和差分脉冲伏安法研究了其电化学性能。SEM结果表明,当沉积电流为10mA时,电极表面形成Pt-Pb纳米花结构。电化学测试结果表明,该电极对葡萄糖具有很好的电催化性能,在含有氯离子的溶液中不会失活。Pt-Pb纳米花电极构建的无酶传感器对葡萄糖的线性响应范围为0.5×10-3～22×10-3 mol/L,灵敏度为3.68mA·cm-2·(mol/L)-1,检测限为24×10-6 mol/L。此外,传感器具有良好的选择性、重复性和稳定性。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.