磁性Fe_3O_4纳米带鱼肽微粒的制备及对CW-2细胞膜流动性的影响

目的:制备磁性Fe_3O_4纳米带鱼肽微粒,并研究其对CW-2细胞膜流动性的影响。方法:以磁性Fe_3O_4纳米微粒为内核,负载具有抑制肿瘤增殖作用的带鱼酶解小肽,通过共沉淀法合成磁性Fe_3O_4纳米带鱼肽微粒,采用X射线衍射、透射式电子显微镜、原子力显微镜等方法对该纳米粒子结构进行表征;利用荧光偏振法研究该微粒在非磁场与交变磁场中对CW-2人结肠癌细胞膜流动性的影响。结果:共沉淀法合成的磁性Fe_3O_4纳米带鱼肽微粒呈球形,粒径约10 nm,分布较均匀,颗粒之间有黏连现象,形成缠绕弯曲的线状。与单体磁性Fe_3O_4纳米微粒相比,带鱼酶解小肽的包覆增强了纳米铁微粒的分散稳定性;该粒子最佳使用p H值范围是6.5~9.0,比较适合于在生物体系中应用。细胞膜流动性检测显示24 h时实验组CW-2细胞膜荧光偏振度P值显著减小、平均微黏度η值减小,表明磁性Fe_3O_4纳米带鱼肽微粒可使CW-2细胞膜流动性增大,作用呈量效关系。结论:磁性Fe_3O_4纳米带鱼肽微粒在交变磁场中增强了带鱼酶解小肽的抗肿瘤活性。     

磁性纳米粒子修饰碳纳米管复合材料对菠菜中9种有机磷农药吸附性能研究

本实验采用了Fe_3O_4纳米粒子修饰碳纳米管得到吸附性能较好的磁性纳米复合材料,利用气相色谱法测定菠菜中9种有机磷农药的含量,并比较了改性介孔碳、石墨烯、活性炭、碳纳米管、Fe_3O_4纳米粒子修饰碳纳米管复合材料和Fe_3O_4纳米粒子等不同吸附材料对菠菜中9种有机磷农药吸附能力。Fe_3O_4纳米粒子修饰碳纳米管磁性纳米复合材料通过透射电镜扫描进行表征,并探讨了Fe_3O_4纳米粒子修饰碳纳米管磁性纳米复合材料对菠菜中9种有机磷农药吸附稳定性和回收率。结果表明,改性碳纳米管对菠菜中9种有机磷农药的吸附能力最强,且稳定性良好和回收率较高,其回收率最大可以达到93.5%。     

粒径对Fe3O4@Con A吸附脱脂乳中乳铁蛋白的影响

以Fe~(2+)和Fe~(3+)制备的磁性纳米粒子,通过X-射线衍射测定其晶格、傅里叶变换红外光谱测定其非极性化学键确定合成的磁性纳米粒子为Fe_3O_4、扫描电镜结果表明转速为100 r/min磁性纳米粒子形貌不统一、200 r/min磁性纳米粒子呈椭球形。将伴刀豆蛋白A分别修饰到两种磁性纳米粒子表面,激光粒度仪度分别测定了修饰后Fe_3O_4@Con A的平均粒径分别为(82.49±20.34)nm和(9.77±0.02)nm,振动磁强计测量结果表明修饰后Fe_3O_4@Con A磁强度分别为3.68 emu/g和5.36 emu/g。二种粒径的Fe_3O_4@Con A从脱脂乳中回收乳铁蛋白的洗脱液的十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,SDS-PAGE)结果表明,200 r/min制备的Fe_3O_4@Con A对脱脂乳中回收乳铁蛋白的专一性优于100 r/min的Fe_3O_4@Con A。     

磁性纳米Fe_3O_4-SiO_2载体的改性及其在脂肪酶固定化中的应用

将磁性纳米Fe_3O_4-SiO_2载体去油和表面活化后,用硅烷偶联剂(KH-550)对载体表面进行氨基化改性,制备出氨基化改性的磁性纳米Fe_3O_4-SiO_2载体。用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)分别对载体进行表征,试验结果表明,用该种方法去油和活化不会使磁性纳米Fe_3O_4-SiO_2载体内部的磁性纳米Fe_3O_4核晶型发生变化,且表面SiO_2不会被溶解腐蚀,同时磁性纳米Fe_3O_4-SiO_2载体表面能连接上氨基。将改性前、后的载体分别固定化脂肪酶应用于生物柴油酯化反应,试验结果表明改性前酯化率为26.78%,改性后酯化率为56.4%。将改性载体固定化脂肪酶重复10次应用于生物柴油酯化反应上, 10次平均酯化率达50.65%。该改性后的载体固定化脂肪酶牢固,不易脱落重复利用率高。     

果胶酶固定化的载体——磁性壳聚糖复合微球的制备与性能表征

通过化学共沉淀法合成纳米Fe_3O_4粒子,再以Fe_3O_4为磁核采用乳化交联法制备可固定果胶酶的载体——磁性壳聚糖复合微球。通过TEM、SEM、FT-IR等对微球的粒径、形貌、结构、粒径分布和磁响应性进行了表征。结果表明:制得的磁性壳聚糖微球的粒径在50nm左右,分布较窄,且呈规则的球形,红外光谱测定微球的特征官能团结构,表明已包覆了Fe_3O_4粒子;分光光度法表明磁性微球具有很强的磁响应性。     

生物可用型纳米磁珠的制备和改性研究

纳米磁珠在生物医学领域应用日益广泛,但仍存在尺寸不均、分散性差、改性过程中强磁性难以保持和功能化程度偏低等缺点。为克服上述缺点,首先制备尺寸均匀的Fe_3O_4超细强磁核,再先后利用正硅酸乙酯、3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷对其进行功能改性,分别得到硅羟基化磁珠Fe_3O_4@SiO_2和氨基化磁珠Fe_3O_4@SiO_2—NH_2,最后研究Fe_3O_4制备及改性过程中其磁性、分散稳定性、功能化程度的影响因素。结果表明,在室温及氮气保护下,氨水量50mL,浓度1mol/L时,Fe_3O_4磁性最强,达到56eum/g,乙醇中稳定分散8d;正硅酸乙酯量0.5mL时,所得硅羟基化磁珠磁性为30eum/g,在乙醇中可稳定分散12d;甲苯中70℃下,所得氨基化磁珠磁性仍有25eum/g,乙醇中可稳定分散14d,且其氨基接枝率达2.306mmol/g,高于文献报道值;因而,该研究所得的改性纳米磁珠具有更好的分散性及更强的磁性,且其表面携带丰富的羟基或氨基活性基团,更易与各种有机活性分子作用,具有广阔的生物医药应用前景。     

用于脂肪酶固定化的磁性纳米Fe_3O_4-SiO_2载体的制备研究

通过改进St?ber法制备出磁性纳米Fe_3O_4-SiO_2复合载体。具体制备流程为:将磁性纳米Fe_3O_4溶胶、正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)与分散剂超声分散混合,使其形成W/O的混合体系,然后将该混合溶液缓慢均匀加入至一定温度的乙醇和氨水混合液中搅拌反应一段时间,洗涤烘干得到磁性纳米Fe_3O_4-SiO_2复合载体。用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、震动样品磁强仪(VSM)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)分别对载体进行表征。结果表明,用此种方法合成的复合载体Fe_3O_4晶型结构不变、粒径为25～30 nm、包裹厚度3～5 nm、粒径均一、易分散,具有超顺磁性,复合载体的比饱和磁场强度较Fe_3O_4只减弱0.8 emu/g。磁性纳米Fe_3O_4-SiO_2载体固定化脂肪酶催化脂肪反应的酯化率达到了36.78%,能满足酶分子固定化实际使用时对磁性和不同粒径的需求。     

碳纤维负载Fe_3O_4复合材料制备与吸波性能分析

为了获得能够在宽带范围内吸收电磁波的低密度材料,采用多巴胺修饰的方法对碳纤维进行改性,通过负载Fe_3O_4磁性颗粒制备了一种吸波复合材料。探究了Fe~(3+)浓度、反应时间和煅烧温度对改性效果的影响,并测试了该吸波复合材料的表面形态和吸波性能。试验发现:当Fe~(3+)浓度0.3 mol/L,反应时间8 h,煅烧温度700℃时纤维的改性效果最为理想;Fe_3O_4纳米粒子能均匀分布在碳纤维表面;制备出的吸波复合材料的最大反射率在11.7 GHz时达到-55.4 dB,有效吸收带宽12.1 GHz。认为:负载纳米Fe_3O_4磁性颗粒可以有效地提高碳纤维对电磁波的吸收。     

基于磁性纳米材料和适配体的荧光传感器检测牛奶中黄曲霉毒素M_1

根据荧光共振能量转移原理,利用磁性纳米材料的磁性分离技术及荧光猝灭能力,构建了基于磁性纳米材料和适配体的荧光传感器,用于高灵敏检测牛奶中黄曲霉毒素M_1(aflatoxin M_1, AFM_1)。标记羧基荧光素(carboxy-fluorescein, FAM)的适配体通过静电作用吸附在Fe_3O_4磁性纳米颗粒表面,并与Fe_3O_4发生能量共振转移,导致荧光猝灭;当体系中存在AFM_1时,适配体与AFM_1特异性识别并形成折叠结构,适配体从Fe_3O_4磁性纳米颗粒表面脱附,使得荧光信号恢复,据此可实现对FAM_1的定量检测。该研究对所制备的Fe_3O_4磁性纳米颗粒进行表征,透射电镜结果表明,Fe_3O_4磁性纳米颗粒粒径在10～15 nm。在优化的实验条件下,该传感器的线性范围为0.05～0.70μg/L,检测限为0.02μg/L。利用荧光传感器检测牛奶中AFM_1的回收率为82.5%～102.3%。     

磁性分子印迹纳米粒子对四环素的富集分离

以羧基化的Fe_3O_4纳米粒子为载体,四环素为模板分子,采用表面印迹技术制备对四环素具有特异性识别的磁性分子印迹纳米粒子。分别优化磁性分子印迹纳米粒子的制备条件和富集分离四环素的条件,为食品中四环素残留的富集分离及后续检测,提供一种简便快速的方法。结果表明,当模板分子和功能单体的摩尔比为1∶8(总体积为110 mL),羧基化Fe_3O_4纳米粒子的添加量为0.5 g,洗脱液甲醇-乙酸溶液的体积比为8∶2时,所制备的磁性分子印迹纳米粒子吸附性能最佳。应用最优条件制备的磁性分子印迹纳米粒子10 mg,对2 mL 0.08 mg/mL的四环素进行吸附,当反应时间为40 min时,其吸附效率可达94.10%。     

Fabrication of electrically conductive and improved UV-resistant aramid fabric via bio-inspired polydopamine and graphene oxide coating

Abstract

This study presents the fabrication of woven aramid fabric (AF) with integrated properties, especially with improved surface activity, UV resistance, electrical conductivity and thermal properties. A biomimicry surface functionalization with polydopamine (PDA) and a further modification by graphene oxide (GO) coating of the AF was demonstrated. The surface properties of AF were changed by repeated reduce graphene oxide (rGO) coating process. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) results showed that the rGO sheets were successfully formed on the surface of AF, and the deposition of GO/rGO was proven by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrical conductivity was ascertained by the electrical surface resistance value of the AF. A low surface resistance value of 6.43 K?cm^?1 was obtained after five times of modification, resulting in an excellent conductivity. The ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) value of the modified AF increased to 73 in comparison to 37 for the original AF.     

丝素蛋白改性聚丙烯腈纤维的涂覆法制备

为进一步改善聚丙烯腈纤维的吸湿性能,根据聚丙烯腈纤维的溶解特性,采用共溶涂覆法制备丝素蛋白改性聚丙烯腈纤维。分析研究了涂覆液中丝素百分含量和涂覆浸渍时间对改性纤维上染率及回潮率的影响。通过扫描电镜、红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪对改性前后的纤维进行测试和表征。结果表明：在一定范围内,随着涂覆液中丝素含量的增加和浸渍时间的延长,改性纤维上染率和回潮率均增大。纤维经涂覆改性后表面变粗糙且有丝素蛋白沉积,但纤维大分子结构没有发生改变。     

磁性壳聚糖改性对高岭土吸附蔗糖溶液中咖啡酸性能的影响

目的:研究磁性壳聚糖改性高岭土对模拟蔗汁中咖啡酸的吸附特性。方法:通过共沉淀法将壳聚糖、纳米四氧化三铁与高岭土结合制备成磁性壳聚糖改性高岭土,通过FT-IR、VSM和SEM表征高岭土改性前后表面结构和基团变化,采用吸附试验研究磁性壳聚糖改性高岭土对咖啡酸的吸附特性。结果:改性后壳聚糖和纳米Fe₃O₄成功地负载到了高岭土上并提升了其对咖啡酸的吸附性能,磁性壳聚糖改性高岭土的等电点为4.54,酸性条件有利于咖啡酸的去除,并在240 min时达到吸附平衡。磁性壳聚糖改性高岭土对咖啡酸的吸附过程更符合准二级动力学和Langmuir等温线吸附模型,其吸附过程主要为化学吸附和单分子层吸附,热力学研究表明吸附过程为自发吸热过程。结论:磁性壳聚糖改性高岭土对蔗汁中咖啡酸具有较强吸附性能,可作为糖用澄清剂用于蔗汁中咖啡酸的吸附处理。     

Untersuchungen über Einsatzmöglichkeiten von Weizenkleber in chemisch-technischen Bereichen

Studies on the Application of Wheat Gluten in Chemo-technical Fields . Vital wheat gluten can be converted into a soluble modification by sufficiently lasting reaction with acrylonitrile. The reaction in alkali is accompanied by side chain deamidation and allows yields up to 85 or 90%. The modified gluten can be used as co-binder in paper coating formulations. Sodium hydroxide and ammonia solutions have been tested as solvents. Viscosity and water retention of model coating formulations can be varied within a wide range. Using reaction times between 18 and 240 h binding strength of manually coated papers which have been prepared with paper coating formulations having cyanoethylated wheat gluten as a co-binder and which were tested in IGT tests proved to be equivalent to experiments in which modified soybean protein has been used as standard co-binder. Comparable results have been achieved with papers made in semi-technical coating experiments. Also, further properties of coated paper (e. g. gloss, whiteness, and wet-strength test) showed to be successful with modified gluten. Informal modification by means of succinic anhydride achieved sucess, too. Regarding the strength of wood material glueing encouraging results were obtained with vital wheat gluten or with gluten fractions as filler in urea formaldehyde resins glues. Acetic acid treated gluten which has been plastified by intense mechanical process could be used in filling collagen. This mixture could be supplied as raw material for artificial edible sausage casings without any loss in quality.     

含氧化叔胺侧基的水溶性酚醛树脂的制备与性能

为了得到一种具有热致亲和性变化的酚醛树脂,应用于热敏成像体系中,制备和表征了一种新型含氧化叔胺侧基的水溶性酚醛树脂。首先,二甲胺与甲基丙烯酸甲酯通过加成反应,随后水解制得3-二甲胺基丙酸。其次,3-二甲胺基丙酸通过双氧水氧化,生成氮氧化3-二甲胺基丙酸。再次,酚醛环氧树脂与氮氧化3-二甲胺基丙酸反应得到水溶性改性酚醛树脂。对制备的树脂的热行为和热致溶解性变化性能进行了研究。研究发现,改性酚醛树脂在120℃下加热10min仍然能在水中溶解,其溶解性几乎没有改变。但是,当温度加热到140℃时,该树脂变得完全不溶于水。这种改性酚醛树脂具有良好的成膜性能,涂布后可形成均匀的膜并能很强地附着于版基上。     

Enhanced coagulation for satisfying the arsenic maximum contaminant level under variable and uncertain conditions

This study evaluated the effects of influent variability and model parameter uncertainty when utilizing enhanced coagulation modification to bring existing treatment plants into compliance with a stricter arsenic regulation. Enhanced coagulation modification options include: (1) increased ferric chloride dose, (2) addition of an acid dose, and (3) a combination of the individual options. Arsenic removal is described by adsorption to hydrous ferric oxide with a surface complexation model and subsequent removal through sedimentation and filtration. The least-cost modification for reliably satisfying the arsenic regulation is determined using an optimization algorithm that explicitly includes variability and uncertainty. The ferric chloride only modification is always the least-cost treatment modification. The ferric chloride and acid modification could be the least-cost option when considering waste handling processes due to a tradeoff between modification cost and sludge production. By inclusion of variability and uncertainty, the relative importance of individual parameter distributions for determining whether the arsenic regulation is reliably satisfied is assessed. Influent arsenic concentration variability is always critical, while variability in the influent pH and sulfate concentrations and uncertainty in the filter removal efficiency and equilibrium adsorption constant for the triple bond Fe(s)OHCa2+ surface species are critical or important, depending on influent conditions.     

Solubility of hematite revisited: effects of hydration

Measured pH and dissolved ferric iron concentration ([Fe(III)diss]) in contact with well-characterized hematite indicated an equilibrium with hematite immediately after synthesis, but [Fe(III)diss] increased with hydration time to be consistent with the predicted solubility of goethite or hydrous ferric oxide (HFO), hydrated analogues of hematite. X-ray diffraction did not detect structural modification of hematite after 190 days of hydration, but M?ssbauer spectroscopy detected hydration that penetrated several crystalline layers. When the hematite suspension was diluted with water, solids were invariably identified as hematite, but [Fe(III)diss] and pH indicated an equilibrium with goethite or HFO. This is the first experimental confirmation that the interfacial hydration of anhydrous hematite results in higher solubility than predicted by bulk thermodynamic properties of hematite. Correspondence of the results with previously published measurements and implications for environmental chemistry of ferric oxides are also discussed.     

Superhydrophobic and ultraviolet protective nylon fabrics by modified nano silica coating

Superhydrophobic and UV protective textiles are of growing interest from the last few decades. In this study, silica nanoparticles (SiO₂) were synthesized by the sol-gel method. The synthesized silica nanoparticles were applied on nylon knitted fabric by pad-dry-cure technique. The silica nanoparticles coating on fabric was modified by in situ deposition of zinc oxide (ZnO) followed by hydrophobic modification using sodium stearate (SS). The fabrics were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X ray diffractometry, and scanning electron microscopy. The hydrophobic properties of the fabric were assessed by water contact angle measurement and ultraviolet protection properties of fabric were assessed by Australian/New Zealand Standard (AS/NZS 4399:1996). Modified fabric showed superhydrophobicity with water contact angle of 151°. The fabric also showed excellent ultraviolet protection with ultraviolet protection factor of 279.68. The fabric exhibited retention of hydrophobic and UV protection properties up to 10 washing cycles.     

表面改性处理对涤纶织物/聚氯乙烯复合材料界面性能的影响

为制备含磷无卤阻燃聚丙烯腈纤维,利用KOH 水溶液对丙烯腈（AH） 醋酸乙烯酯（VAc）无规共聚物（P（AN?co?VAc））纤维中的VAc单元进行选择性水解,再与O,O?二乙基磷酰氯进行磷酰化反应制得阻燃聚丙烯腈纤维。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、差示扫描量热和热重分析法对阻燃纤维结构及热性能进行表征,利用扫描电子显微镜对阻燃聚丙烯腈纤维的炭残渣进行分析。结果表明：随水溶液pH值的升高,聚丙烯腈纤维中VAc单元迅速水解;聚丙烯腈纤维中VAc单元的存在使共聚纤维环化放热分解峰值温度增大,当VAc单元的质量分数为30%时,可达287℃,而阻燃聚丙烯腈纤维的该温度高达340℃;阻燃聚丙烯腈纤维在800℃ 时的炭残渣量高达48%以上,远高于共聚合聚丙烯腈纤维４１％的残炭量,具有良好的成炭性。     

改性扇贝壳粉与壳聚糖复合膜的制备及性质研究

以扇贝壳为原料,硬脂酸钠为改性剂,通过湿法改性制备了改性扇贝壳粉。采用单因素和响应面试验探讨改性温度、改性剂用量、改性时间对扇贝壳粉改性效果的影响,利用傅里叶红外光谱仪、电子扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪对扇贝壳粉进行表征。将制成的改性扇贝壳粉与壳聚糖制成复合膜,考察改性扇贝壳粉质量分数对复合膜性质的影响。结果表明,扇贝壳粉最佳改性条件为:硬脂酸钠添加量2.53%,改性温度80.70 ℃,改性时间43.19 min,在此条件下制得的扇贝壳粉活化度最高可达到76.41%,结合表征图谱分析,硬脂酸钠成功结合到壳粉表面,壳粉粉体粒子间团聚作用减弱,制得的改性扇贝壳粉具有良好的分散性。添加改性扇贝壳粉可以有效提高壳聚糖膜的机械性能、透光性和水蒸气阻隔性能。当改性扇贝壳粉的质量分数为1%时,改性扇贝壳粉与壳聚糖复合膜的性能最佳,此时膜拉伸强度为30.19 MPa,断裂伸长率为10.2%,水蒸气透过量为35.1 g·h?1·m?2,透光性为2.9 mm·%。