羊毛粗细对织物刺痒感影响的客观评价

为了减少羊毛织物的刺痒感,客观评价了羊毛粗细对织物刺痒感的影响。用自制单纤维轴向压缩弯曲仪测试了刺扎受力情况,得到了刺痒感特征值并对其进行了定量表征,有利于毛织物设计和刺痒感的客观评价。     

三维经编间隔结构汽车坐垫织物的抗压缩疲劳性能

为研究三维经编汽车坐垫的抗压缩疲劳性能,选择芳砜纶作为织物表面层的原料,聚偏氟乙烯作为织物间隔层的原料,通过平纹、六角和菱形网孔3 种表面层组织的不同组合,设计了4 种组织结构方案,并通过对织物厚度的调节,对6 块织物试样进行抗压缩疲劳性能测试,比较分析各织物的抗压缩疲劳曲线及压缩疲劳后的破坏形态,探讨织物抗压缩疲劳性能影响因素。结果表明：表面层组织结构越密实,间隔丝的固着程度越高,织物所能承受的载荷越大,其抗压缩疲劳性能越好;在一定范围内,随着织物厚度的增加,织物的抗压缩疲劳性能增强。     

衬垫用经编间隔织物的压陷性能

为获得具有良好支撑性和压力分布的衬垫用经编间隔织物,对不同规格的经编间隔织物的压陷性能进行研究。在双针床拉舍尔经编机上,通过改变织物纵密、间隔丝垫纱角度、间隔丝直径以及脱圈板距离,试织了13种经编间隔织物试样。测试了试样的压缩应力与应变曲线,并以25%和65%压陷硬度和支撑因子作为评价织物压陷性能的指标。探讨间隔丝密度、垫纱角度和直径以及织物厚度对经编间隔织物压陷性能的影响。研究结果指出：织物屈服阶段是研究织物压缩性能的重要阶段;通过各种结构参数的合理配置,可以获取具有理想压缩特性的经编间隔织物衬垫材料。     

籼米胶稠度测定方法的研究

为了建立籼米胶稠度测定新方法,采用物性仪测定了籼米胶的反挤压特性和蒸煮籼米的压缩特性,并分别探讨了压缩量、测试速度对测定结果的影响。试验表明,籼米胶反挤压法最佳测定条件为压缩量15mm,测中速度和测后速度为1 mm/s;5种籼米胶反挤压特性指标胶强度、稠度、黏度和硬度与国标法的胶稠度均呈极显著的相关性;蒸煮籼米的压缩法最佳条件为压缩量70%,测试速度0.2 mm/s,5种蒸煮籼米的最大压缩力和滞后损失与国标法的籼米胶稠度均呈显著的相关性;籼米胶反挤压法和蒸煮籼米压缩法均可用于籼米胶稠度的测定与评价,而蒸煮籼米压缩法优于籼米胶反挤压法。     

山羊绒、细支绵羊毛纤维集合体压缩性能研究

采用ＤＣＳ－５００型岛津强力机，测试分析了内蒙产３种不同直径、不同卷曲密度的分梳山羊绒纤维集合体的压缩性能，并与细支绵羊毛作对比。可对山羊绒、羊毛的客观检验和评价提供参考。     

三维全五向编织复合材料的压缩性能

以无碱玻璃纤维为原料,采用四步法1×1编织工艺在全自动模块组合式编织平台上制备三维五向及全五向编织物;以E51环氧树脂、70#固化剂(四氢邻苯二甲酸酐)为树脂基体,与编织物复合制备三维五向及全五向编织复合材料;并利用Instron万能材料试验机对比测试上述编织复合材料的压缩性能,研究轴纱、编织角、纤维体积分数等结构参数对材料压缩性能的影响。结果表明,编织复合材料的压缩性能随着编织角的增大而降低,随着轴纱、纤维体积分数的增大而提高;三维全五向编织复合材料的压缩性能明显好于三维五向编织复合材料。     

开孔三维编织复合材料的压缩性能

为研究机械开孔对三维编织复合材料压缩性能的影响,测试了2种三维编织复合材料试验件的压缩性能。1种为基本编织(100%编织纱)结构,另1种为含有编织纱/轴向纱(58/42)的结构,试验件编织角约为±12°。根据相关标准要求,分别进行有开孔和无开孔的复合材料试验件准静态压缩试验,并与层合板的压缩性能进行对比。研究结果表明:2种三维编织结构无缺陷材料的压缩强度较为接近,但引入开孔后,无增强纱结构可保留更高比列的压缩强度;引入开孔后,2种三维编织复合材料保留的压缩强度均高于层合板;在失效形式上,2种三维编织复合材料的宏观失效形式较为相似,均为剪切失效,表现出横向断裂且无分层现象。     

测试条件对大米凝胶质构特性测定结果的影响

采用物性仪对大米凝胶特性进行测试,研究凝胶试样尺寸和测定参数对大米凝胶特性各指标测定结果及其重现性的影响。结果表明,大米凝胶TPA测定过程中,任何一个测试参数条件的改变都会对测定结果产生一定影响。根据各指标测试结果稳定性,对测试条件进行了对比优化,建议选用凝胶的样品尺寸为高度15mm,直径25mm,测试参数为压缩程度50%,压缩速度1.0mm/s,两次压缩间隔时间3s为物性仪测定凝胶特性较好的测定条件。     

蜂窝状三维纺织复合材料的隔热性能研究

研究蜂窝状三维纺织复合材料的隔热性能。设计开发了3种材料、6种孔径的蜂窝状三维织物,以环氧树脂为基体材料进行了复合加工,采用防护热板法对不同试样进行了隔热性能测试。结果表明:蜂窝状三维纺织复合材料具有良好的隔热性能;纤维材料的导热性对复合材料的导热性能有一定影响;同一种纤维材料的蜂窝状三维纺织复合材料,其孔径的大小对导热系数影响较大;蜂窝状三维纺织复合材料的孔隙率与其隔热性呈线性关系。认为:研制的蜂窝状三维纺织复合材料可用于做防震棚墙体、屋顶材料等。     

几种缝编织物的风格评价

 结合11种缝编织物的基本编织参数，测试了它们的面密度、厚度和项破强力等指标，使用川端风格仪对其中5种双梳栉缝编织物的风格特征（表面性能、压缩性能、弯曲性能和拉伸性能等）进行了测试评价，分析它们的性能特点。结果表明，不同编织参数对缝编织物风格特征有不同的影响，为研究缝编织物在服用领域的应用奠定了基础。     

质构分析(TPA)及测试条件对面包品质的影响

简要介绍了质构分析(TextureProfileAnalysis)的方法,具体阐述了TPA质构参数的含义,并对面包片进行TPA测试,研究压缩速率和压缩程度对测试结果的影响。结果表明,压缩程度对考察的五个质构参数有显著影响,压缩速率对弹性和内聚性影响显著。     

填充物的选择对枕芯压缩回复性能的影响

枕芯的高度及保持性能影响着人们的睡眠质量,本文依据人体工程学及纺织品检测的相关理论建立了一套测试枕芯压缩回弹性能的方法,并且依据该方法对常用的化纤枕芯和羽绒枕芯进行了测试,得到了各种填充情况的压缩高度、压缩率、回复率,并针对这些数据进行分析,找出适合消费者睡眠习惯的枕芯。     

纤维轴向压缩性能测试及其刺痒感属性判断

为探讨纤维材料的轴向压缩性能及其刺痒感属性,改进了测试装置与测试方法,对测试过程中纤维试样与测试头接触条件的转变及对应压缩曲线特征进行分析,提出了应用纤维轴向压缩性能判断其刺痒感属性的方法。结果表明:在进行纤维材料轴向压缩测试时,试样与测试头的接触条件会发生由"点接触"向"线接触"的转变,压缩性能测试应以"点接触"的结束为终结点;以纤维轴向压缩性能为依据判断其刺痒感属性时,纤维端与皮肤的接触条件应为"点接触",且应具有不少于0.2 mm的长度,并能承受不少于0.75 m N的轴向载荷。     

质构参数与花生物性测定的相关性

为明确花生在物性测定中与质构参数的相关性,本研究以两种表观差异较大的花生品种为样品,通过调控质构测定仪的关键参数进行研究。结果显示:不合适的质构测试参数能显著影响花生样品的物性特性结果并降低检测准确性。其中,压缩形变量对花生的硬度、弹性、内聚性、咀嚼性等物性特性造成显著影响,而压缩形变量为35%～50%之间时影响较小;测试速度与花生样品脆性成显著负相关性,拟定测试速度在40mm/min时脆性检测结果较为平稳;过高的剪切速率会严重影响剪切力结果的稳定性,造成系统误差扩大,控制剪切速率小于60mm/min能较好的稳定剪切力数据。不同种类花生之间物性测定结果不同,利用合适的测定参数就可以减小系统误差,进而更好的体现样品之间的物性差异。因此,花生样品在进行物性测定时,选择质构参数中压缩形变比在35%～50%范围,测试速度40 mm/min,剪切速率不高于60 mm/min对花生物性测定影响较小,这样的检测参数可以取得稳定数据。     

Quasi-static compression and compression–compression fatigue characteristics of 3D braided carbon/epoxy tube

This study presents an experimental study of the quasi-static axial compression and compression–compression fatigue behavior of a three-dimensional braided carbon/epoxy composite tube. Three kinds of tubes with different braiding angles, i.e. 25º, 35º, and 45º were used to examine the dependence of fatigue behavior on the braiding parameters. Quasi-static compression and compression–compression cyclic loadings were carried out on the braided composite samples. The S–N [stress and number of cycles to failure] curves, strain–N (number) curves, and damage observation were used to evaluate the behavior of the braided tubes under fatigue loading. The test results showed that braiding angle had significant effect on the ultimate compression strength (UCS) and the number of cycles per stress level that the sample could withstand. The tube with 25º braiding angle had the highest UCS while the tube with 45º braiding angle accumulates high number of cycles for the same stress level as compared to other samples. Damage occurred along the braid angle for 25º tubes while matrix crack plus bulging occurred in the tubes with 35º and 45º braiding angles.     

Comparison of Axial and Radial Compression Tests for Determining Elasticity Modulus of Potatoes

The effect of sample size, loading rate, and compression level on the determination of tangent modulus of elasticity of potatoes in axial (E_a) and radial (E_r) compression tests was studied. Cylindrical potato samples of 10, 15, and 20 mm diameter with length-to-diameter (L/D) ratio 1, 1.5, and 2 and loading rates of 50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mm/min were used. A third-degree polynomial best described the force-deformation (F-D) plot of the test specimens (R²?=?0.98 to 0.99) in both tests. In view of the non-linearity of the F-D plot, E_a and E_r were calculated corresponding to 10, 20, and 30% compression. The values of E_a and E_r obtained for various combinations of sample size and compression level had coefficient of variation (CV) of about 24 and 8%, respectively, indicating relatively greater influence of experimental conditions in axial than radial compression testing. Apparently, E_a increased with an increase in compression level and loading rate whereas E_r exhibited inconsistent trend. The combined effects of sample size and compression level accounted for about 93 and 20% of the changes in E_a and E_r, respectively signifying the minimal effects of these parameters in radial compression testing. Similarly, the loading rate and compression level accounted for about 96 and 28% of the changes in E_a and E_r, respectively. The results of this article revealed that determination of modulus of elasticity of potatoes in axial compression testing was significantly influenced by testing conditions and sample size, whereas radial compression testing appeared to be independent of testing conditions and sample size.     

测试参数对杏果质地多面分析的影响

通过对杏果进行TPA测试,探究10%～35%的压缩程度和60～240mm/min的压缩速率对质构参数的影响。结果表明,压缩程度对杏果硬度1、硬度2、弹性、内聚性和回复性的影响极显著,压缩速率仅对其回复性影响显著。因此,在选择合适的测试参数时,应重点考虑压缩程度。     

Analysis of the effect of traffic exposure on the recovery properties of cut pile carpet using analytical and viscoelastic modeling

Viscoelastic models composing of different combination of spring and dashpot are usually used to explain the mechanical behavior of textile materials. In this work, a viscoelastic model was presented to analyze the effect of traffic exposure on the compression and recovery performance of the pile carpet. Wear test, performed by a Hexapod tumbling machine, was conducted to simulate the traffic exposure. Using a tensile tester, adjusted in compression mode, one cycle of compression–decompression was applied to the samples. The standard nonlinear model was presented to fit the experimental data. Best curve fitting based on the least square method was then used to fit the model to the experimental curve. Different attributions of compression were then analyzed and discussed. The results showed that the standard nonlinear model was fitted to the experimental curves with an acceptable coefficient of regression (R²). The district model parameters, i.e. the spring and dashpot constants, were both decreased as the wear cycles increased. At the higher level of wear cycles, the model parameters showed some increment. The initial compression modulus showed the same trend. This may be explained by the more compactness of the carpet at higher wear cycles. The decompression modulus, compression and the decompression work also decreased with the increase of wear cycles. However, no significant increase of the formers was observed at the higher wear cycles.     

新型增强剂提高纸页包装强度的研究

该文探讨了用新型增强剂提高纸页的包装强度：挺度、环压强度、耐折度、抗张强度;比较了几种增强剂对提高纸页包装强度的效果,确定了最合适的增强剂及用量,并研究了最合适的增强剂对不同纸浆、不同定量纸页包装强度的影响,确定采用4号增强剂且用量为0．75％时增强效果最好。4号增强剂对废纸浆,特别是瓦楞纸箱废纸浆的增强效果优于木浆,且其效果随着纸页定量的增加呈先增加、后减少的趋势。     

Compression behaviour of woven terry fabrics

Fabric compression is a decrease in intrinsic thickness with an appropriate increase in pressure. The compressibility of the terry fabric depends on fibre properties, yarn parameters, weaving parameters, loop length, loop density, loop geometry and post-weaving treatments. In this research, all the factors responsible for fabric compression have been studied. It is observed that loop density, loop length, loop-shape factor, pile yarn twist, pile yarn count, fibre length and pile yarn structure have a significant effect on the compression behaviour of the terry fabric. With increase in the loop-shape factor, loop length and loop density, the linearity of compression curve, resilience increases and specific compression energy reduces which depict that the fabric is getting better in terms of softness to touch. It is also observed that pile yarns produced from ring spinning, zero twist, MCU-5 cotton, porous yarn and finer yarn produce better terry fabric in terms of compression behaviour and surface properties. The loop geometry modelled in the form of shape factor correlates with the compression of the fabric. The research also helps to design a towel by controlling loop geometry.