抓住契机,充分运用现代科学成就,发展先进制造技术

国际生产工程学会第52届年会于2002年8月在西班牙举行。大会的主题是充分运用现代科学成就，发展先进制造技术。绿色制造是机械制造业责无旁贷的责任；网络生产与生产网络已成为增强竞争力的重要结盟形式；纳米科技、材料科学、激光技术等前沿科技为制造业提供了发展契机，提出了新的使命；测控技术在先进制造中具有至关重要的作用。科学研究对于生产进步的作用比过去任何时候更为突出。     

机械工业的先进制造模式及制造技术

先进制造技术为制造业提供了发展契机，提出了新的使命；测控技术在先进制造业中具有重要作用．绿色制造是机械制造业责无旁贷的责任。     

制造业信息化与先进制造技术现状及发展前景概述

介绍了发展制造业信息化和先进制造技术的重要性和必要性，国内外制造业信息化和先进制造技术的现状及前景，论述了制造业信息化带动先进制造技术发展，我国制造业信息化进程中要处理好的一些问题。     

先进制造技术中应用Web技术的制造与管理模式

通信及网络技术的发展与进步 ,从根本上改变了传统制造业的管理模式与生产概念 ,这势必引发对各种先进管理与制造模式的研究 ,Inter-net/ Intranet技术以及 Web技术也必将成为实现先进制造技术的强有力的支持工具。本文将对CIMS,PDM,EMIS中的 Web技术应用研究做一些分析。一、CIMS中的信息集成与 EMISCIMS(计算机集成制造系统 )是在计算机网络技术和数据技术的基础上发展起来的 ,它的一个基本观点就是 :将企业生产的各个环节 ,即从市场分析预测、产品设计、加工制造、经营管理到售后服务的全部生产经营活动视为一不可分割的整体 …     

基于网络的先进制造技术

根据网络技术在现代制造业中的重大影响和作用,论述了基于网络的先进制造技术（network-based advanced manufacturing technology,NAMT)的内涵;提出了一种在计算机网络技术和数据库技术支持下的包括管理和营销、产品设计开发、制造过程和系统集成四大技术群的NAMT的技术内容框架,论述了NAMT的一系列创新功能特点;分析了我国发展NAMT的必要性;提出了我国发展NAMT的几点战略性建议。     

先进制造技术与军工制造业学术研讨会

将于2006年9月召开。本次会议旨在通过学术研讨与交流，进一步提高对先进制造技术重要性的认识，提高先进制造技术学术与应用水平，促进军工制造业基础能力和整体技术水平的提升，增强军工制造企业科技创新能力。会议议题主要包括：先进制造技术的现状、趋势及在军工制造业中的重要地位和作用；军用材料及制造工艺与自主创新；先进工艺、材料应用技术、     

先进制造技术的发展与未来

对先进制造技术发展所依赖的国际经济与科技发展趋势及制造业的发展趋势作出概括,介绍我国大陆地区先进制造技术的发展,介绍大陆及香港地区正在合作实施的分散网络制造示范系统,呼吁海峡两岸携手并进,灵活组织两地资源,快速响应市场需求,提高我国制造业的竞争能力。     

基于网络的虚拟技术在现代制造业中的应用研究

随着社会进入互联网时代,信息化是一个现代制造企业发展的必然趋势.今天的制造业已经成为同时对物质、信息和知识进行处理的产业,这种情况下,是否能确实有效地协调设计与制造各阶段的关系,成为寻求企业整体全局最优效益的必要途径.随着计算机网络和虚拟现实等先进技术的出现,虚拟制造技术应运而生,信息化制造将成为现代制造企业追求的重要目标之一.本文论述了先进制造技术中虚拟制造技术特点、发展概况,以及信息化环境中虚拟技术在现代制造业中的应用.     

跨世纪先进制造技术基础研究

阐述先进制造技术基础研究在发展中国先进制造技术和制造业中的地位和作用，指出跨世纪先进制造技术基础的发展趋势及其特点，论述先进制造技术基础的先导性，基础性，创新性和应用性；提出跨世纪先进制造技术基础的战略目标和任务。     

基于UG平台的模具中心网络制造技术的运用

目前，网络技术的发展，带动了机床产业的突飞猛进，以图形工作站为核心的网络制造系统，正在日益取代原来单机数控加工单元，基于UG平台的CAD／CAM技术、自动化编程技术以及仿真、模拟加工技术的应用，大大提高了生产效率和加工精度，手工编程正日益被图形化自动编程所取代，加工制造业正向着集成化、网络化、信息化、智能化方向发展。更好地发挥CNC设备的作用显得尤为重要。     

Energy, Adhesion, and the Elastic Foundation

A theory for elastic contact adhesion between a rigid sphere and an elastic foundation is developed. The theory derives relationships between the contact deformation and the externally applied force. The derivation is based on elastic contact between a sphere and a thin linear-elastic foundation in which the strain energies are balanced by the work of indentation and the change in surface energy. Contacting regimes where there is either compressive strain energy or only tensile strain energy (pull-off regime) are both treated. The model is non-dimensionalized and an order of magnitude analysis is performed in order to develop simplified closed form solutions; the simplified model is then evaluated and compared to the full solution. This theory finds that the adhesion force is significantly larger for an elastic foundation in which the surface elements act independently as compared to more traditional solutions for elastic solids. The theory gives an adhesion force of $ F_{\text{adh}} \cong 7\pi R\Updelta \gamma . $      

Prediction of the life of details, units, mechanisms, and the devices in general at the design stage

The question of the theoretical investigation of the life of details, units, mechanisms, and a structure in general at the design stage is considered. Computational formulas for the life of various details, units, and mechanisms, as well as the object in general, which are based on coefficients of safety, heat resistance, wear resistance, fatigue, and performance time of tested pilot samples, are presented.     

Surface ultrastructure of the gill filaments and the secondary lamellae of the catfish, Rita rita, and the carp, Cirrhinus mrigala

Surface ultrastructures of gill filaments and secondary lamellae of Rita rita and Cirrhinus mrigala, inhabiting different ecological habitat, were investigated to unravel adaptive modifications. R. rita is a sluggish, bottom dwelling carnivorous catfish, which inhabits regions of river with accumulations of dirty water. It retains its viability for long time if taken out of water. C. mrigala is an active bottom dwelling Indian major carp, which lives in relatively clean water and dies shortly after taken out of water. In R. rita, gill septa between gill filaments are reduced. Microridges on epithelial cells covering gill filaments are often continuous and arranged concentrically. Secondary lamellae are extensive. The epithelium appears corrugated, show irregular elevations and shallow depressions, and microridges on epithelial cells appear fragmented. In C. mrigala, in contrast, the gill septa are extensive. Microridges on epithelial cells covering gill filaments are fragmented. Secondary lamellae are less extensive. The epithelium appears smooth and microridges on epithelial cells are relatively inconspicuous. These differences have been considered adaptive modification in relation to habit and ecological niches inhabited by two fish species. Presence of mucous goblet cells on gill filaments is discussed in relation to their functions including precipitation of the sediments and preventing clogging of gill filaments. Infrequent mucous goblet cells in the epithelium of secondary lamellae in two fish species are considered an adaptation, minimizing thickness of the epithelium to reduce barrier between blood and water for favoring gasses exchange with increased efficiency.     

Elemental changes in the brain, muscle, and gut cells of the housefly, Musca domestica, exposed to heavy metals

The toxic effects of heavy metals on organisms are well established. However, their specific action at the cellular level in different tissues is mostly unknown. We have used the housefly, Musca domestica, as a model organism to study the toxicity of four heavy metals: copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb). These have been fed to larvae at low and high, semi-lethal concentrations, and their accumulation in the head, thorax, and abdomen was subsequently measured in adult flies. In addition, their impact on the cellular concentration of several elements important for cell metabolism-sodium (Na+), magnesium (Mg++), phosphorous (P), sulphur (S), chloride (Cl-) and potassium (K+)-were measured in neural cells, muscle fibers, and midgut epithelial cells. Our study showed that the heavy metals accumulate mainly in the abdomen, in which the concentrations of two of the xenobiotic metals, Cd and Pb, were 213 and 23 times more concentrated, respectively, than in controls. All the heavy metals affected the cellular concentration of light elements in all cell types, but the changes observed were dependent on tissue type and were specific for each heavy metal, and its concentration.     

Intermolecular Forces, Adhesion, and the Elastic Foundation

A model for the elastic contact between a rigid sphere and an ideal elastic foundation with adhesion has been developed. The model was derived by integrating the full Lennard-Jones potential to arrive at a closed-form equilibrium condition that balances surface energy with strain energy. It was found that the separation height is not a function of the penetration. Using this energy criterion for separation of contact in an elastic foundation, a model for the force displacement relationship was then developed. In this derivation there exists a tensile zone of deformation along the perimeter of the contact. The model also reveals a number of unique aspects of the adhesive contact, including: the maximum adhesion occurs when the apex of the sphere is tangent to the plane of the undeformed surface, the maximum adhesion force $ F_{\text{adh}} = - 2\pi R\Updelta \gamma $ , and the contact area is linearly dependent on penetration. The ability to fit high fidelity indentation data from finite-element analysis and molecular dynamics simulation for thin films was demonstrated. Additionally, experiments were performed on thin films (~40 μm) of PDMS using a custom-built microtribometer with in situ optical interferometry that enabled simultaneous measurements of contact area, penetration depths, externally applied force, and the detailed measurements of the free-surface deformations, which include the predicted tensile zone along the perimeter of contact.     

强基础·调结构·开新局

挥别2020,我们即将迎来2021年的第一缕阳光.在这百年变局、辞旧迎新的时代,我谨代表中国机床工具工业协会常设机构,向广大会员、行业企业的全体人员致以节日的问候和诚挚的祝福!向所有关心、支持我国机床工具产业发展的各级领导和社会各界人士表示衷心的感谢!