攀钢尾矿原位合成TiCN/Fe3Si复合材料

以攀钢选钛尾矿为主要原料,尝试采用碳热还原氮化法合成TiCN/Fe3Si复合材料.为探明复杂体系过程反应机理,对体系中可能发生的高温反应进行了热力学分析,并采用XRD和SEM对合成产物进行表征.计算结果表明,1500 ℃下产物主晶相为TiC0.3N0.7和Fe3Si,其中,TiC0.3N0.7颗粒大多呈弥散分布,平均尺寸约为5 μm.     

温度对硅铁合金氮化产物相组成的影响

分别在1400、1500、1600、1700℃的温度下，于0．9MPa氮气气氛条件下保温3h，对FeSi75硅铁合金粉体进行了氮化实验。研究结果表明：FeSi75合金粉体氮化后产物为Si3N4和Fe3Si，其中1400℃和1500℃氮化产物中的氮化硅为α-Si3N4；1600℃和1700℃氮化产物中的氮化硅为α-Si3N4和β-Si3N4。α-Si3N4的数量随温度升高而减少，β-Si3N4的数量随温度升高而增加。氮化产物si3N4的显微形貌为针柱状和长柱状。     

Al2O3-Si原料在还原气氛下的高温物理化学变化过程

以电熔刚玉和单质硅为原料压制成试样,分别在埋碳条件、1400～1600℃高温烧结,获得5个不同温度点合成样品,采用XRD分析技术研究试样的物相演变过程,对Al2O3-Si系原料在埋碳气氛合成过程中的物相变化和反应动力学机制进行了研究.结果表明试样中新生成的物相除了SiC和O'-Sialon外,合成温度在1550℃以下还存在SiO2相,1550℃以上则存在X-Sialon相.其反应过程是金属硅和氮气反应生成Si3N4,金属Si和CO反应生成SiO2和SiC;SiC和Si3N4又分别转化成Si2N2O;同时,Al2O3和Si2N2O固溶合成O'-Sialon.随着合成温度的升高,Al2O3和Si2N2O会进一步固溶生成X-Sialon.CO气体参与反应、合成温度和原料配比是控制Al2O3-Si系原料最终合成产物、产物的生成速度和生成量的重要因素.     

KNO3对FeSiAl软磁合金空心微珠制备及低频吸波性能的影响

为了获得轻质、低频、高效吸波剂,本文采用自反应淬熄法,分别以Fe+Si+Al、Fe+Si+Al+KNO3为反应体系制备了FeSiAl软磁合金空心微珠,通过SEM、XRD、矢网分析仪等手段研究了KNO3对其密度、形貌、相组成和低频吸波性能的影响。结果表明,未加KNO3时,反应难以进行,淬熄产物由球形颗粒、类球形颗粒、不规则颗粒和片状颗粒组成,物相主要为Fe、Si、Al及部分Fe0.9Si0.1,未生成FeSiAl合金,基本无吸波性能;添加KNO3后,反应体系的淬熄产物主要为空心微珠,粒径分布均匀,物相由Fe3Si0.5Al0.5、Fe3Si0.7Al0.3、Fe0.9Si0.1和Fe组成,获得了FeSiAl合金,在5 mm厚度条件下,吸波试样最低反射率达-22.1 dB,吸收峰值对应频率为7.0 GHz,低于-10 dB的有效吸收频带为5.3-8.5 GHz,带宽达3.2 GHz。KNO3分解反应所产生的高放热量和大量气体是促使反应温度升高、反应产物熔融、目标产物形成、成球率和空心率提高及低频吸波性能显著改善的根本原因。和机械合金化法制备的片状FeSiAl软磁合金相比,自反应淬熄法制备的FeSiAl空心微珠的低频吸波频带有效拓宽,同时材料的密度降低了38 %,有效实现了新型低频吸波料“薄、宽、轻、强”的特点。     

采用NaN3燃烧合成高α相氮化硅粉体

采用燃烧合成方法,以NaN3作为固态氮化剂,制备了α相含量高达97%以上的氮化硅粉体.研究了外部氮气压力对于燃烧合成氮化硅粉体的影响.NaN3的加入主要是为燃烧合成反应提供了比N2分子更高化学活性的内部氮源(N3原子团和N原子),同时作为Si-N反应的催化剂,使Si粉在氮气中的燃烧合成反应更加容易进行.适量的NaN3加入能够促进Si粉的完全氮化并提高燃烧产物中的α-Si3N4含量.详细探讨了采用NaN3作为固态氮化剂条件下可能的氮化硅燃烧合成机理.     

闪速燃烧合成β-Si3N4

利用闪速燃烧合成技术,在0.2 MPa的氮气压力与1550℃的燃烧温度条件下,采用≤88 μm粒度的高纯Si细粉制备了细蜂窝状疏松块体Si3N4.X射线衍射分析表明,这种Si3N4主要为高温型β-Si3N4相,并含有一定量的Si2N2O相.热力学分析表明在0.1 MPa常氮气压下,可以闪速燃烧合成Si3N4;由于体系中有一定的氧分压,产物中有一定量的Si2N2O生成.通过实验和分析,认为闪速燃烧合成技术是燃烧合成Si3N4的理想的工艺技术.     

稀释剂迭代加入对燃烧合成α-Si3N4的影响

在开发迭代燃烧合成这种新工艺的基础上,进一步研究了以迭代的方式加入稀释剂对燃烧合成Si3N4的作用和影响.研究表明,以迭代的方式加入Si3N4稀释剂,可以有效的控制燃烧反应的最高温度,能够实现以低α相含量的Si3N4粉体来制备出高α相含量的Si3N4粉体,从而使Si3N4产物的α相含量得到提高.同时发现,当稀释剂加入量x较小(x=0.375)时,稀释剂的α相含量对生成Si3N4产物的α相含量影响较大,当热力学因素和动力学因素的作用达到平衡时,产物中Si生成的α-Si3N4的转化率最高值达到89%;当加入稀释剂的量较大(如x≥0.40)时,稀释剂的这种作用不明显.适宜的稀释剂加入量x值应当在0.45左右.所得结果对工业化生产α-Si3N4粉体具有指导作用.     

直接氮化法制备Si3N4粉体过程研究

采用直接氮化的工艺方法,以Si粉为初始原料,采用Fe粉为催化剂,在高温下直接进行氮化,制备了Si3N4粉体.着重讨论了催化剂含量和氮化工艺条件对粉体的氮化率、粒径、形貌和相含量等方面的影响.实验结果表明催化剂含量,球磨工艺,烧结制度是影响Si3N4粉体最终性能的3个主要因素,并且在掺杂Fe为0.5%,球磨时间为2h,采用分阶段保温升温的方法,在氮化温度为1400～1350℃下氮化2～3 h,制备了氮化率95%左右,α相含量接近90%,形状为等轴状的Si3N4粉体.     

电场作用下Fe含量对Fe-Ti-C体系低温燃烧合成的影响

采用Gleeble-15001)热模拟机，对电场作用下Fe含量对Fe-Ti-C体系低温燃烧合成过程和产物显微结构特征的影响进行了研究。结果表明：在电场和大热流密度作用下，体系的点火温度可以大幅降低；Fe含量越高，其对体系低温燃烧合成过程的影响越大。随Fe含量增加，体系点火温度升高，点火延迟时间缩短，所达到的最高温度也升高；与高温燃烧合成类似，低温燃烧合成的产物由TiC，Fe，少量Fe2Ti组成；当Fe含量为45％时(质量百分数，下同)，产物中的TiC量最多，且颗粒细小。     

MoSi2高温氮化行为的研究

以MoSi2粉体为原料，分别在1400、1500、1600、1700℃温度下，0．9MPa氮气气氛条件下保温3h，研究了MoSi2的高温氮化行为。XRD、SEM和EDS研究结果表明：MoSi2的氮化产物主要有Mo5Si3和Si3N4，同时还有SiO2和Si2N2O生成，氮化生成的Si3N4呈针柱状。MoSi2氮化后生成的Si3N4的量随氮化温度的升高而增加。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.