微波辐射稀土固体超强酸SO^2-4／TiO2／La^3＋催化合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛

苯甲醛和乙二醇以稀土固体超强酸SO^2-4／TiO2／La^3 为催化剂，经微波辐射直接催化合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛。结果表明，当微波输出功率为210W，辐射时间3min，n(苯甲醛)：n(乙二醇)：1：2，催化剂用量0．7g(苯甲醛为0．10m01)时，苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的收率为88．3％。     

氨基磺酸催化合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛

以氨基磺酸为催化剂合成了苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛,考察了醛醇摩尔比,反应时间,催化剂用量,带水剂用量等因素对苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛收率的影响。结果表明：最适宜的工艺条件是：n（苯甲醛）：n（乙二醇）=1：1．5,催化剂用量占反应物总质量的1．5％,带水剂环己烷用量为16mL（占反应物总质量的2．18％）,反应时间1．5h,上述条件下,苯甲醛L--醇缩醛收率可达到83．73％。     

微波辐射硅钨酸催化合成丁醛乙二醇缩醛

丁醛和乙二醇以硅钨酸为催化剂,经微波辐射催化合成丁醛乙二醇缩醛。实验结果表明,当微波功率为260W、辐射时间2min、n（丁醛）：n（乙二醇）=1：1．5、催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的0．20％时,丁醛乙二醇缩醛的收率为80．6％。     

微波照射硫酸氢钠催化合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮

在微波辐射下,以硫酸氢钠为催化剂,环己烷为带水剂,合成了环己酮乙二醇缩酮。考察了催化剂的用量、反应时间、酮醇物质的量之比、带水剂的用量及微波功率等诸多因素对产品收率的影响。实验表明,固定环己酮0．2mol,在n（环己酮）：n（乙二醇）=1．0：1．5,催化剂用量为1．55g,带水剂环己烷为12mL,反应温度135℃,微波功率为500W和反应时间为25min的优化条件下,环己酮乙二醇缩酮的收率可达78．2％。     

微波辐射相转移催化合成邻硝基茴香醚

采用微波辐射技术和相转移催化剂，在常压下合成了邻硝基茴香醚。最佳反应条件为：反应物n（甲醇）：n（邻硝基氯苯）=2：1，n（三乙基苄基氯化铵）：n（邻硝基氯苯）：4：100，微波功率640W，微波辐射时间6min，产率为86．6％。     

微波辐射稀土固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2/La~(3+)催化合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛

苯甲醛和乙二醇以稀土固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2/La3+为催化剂,经微波辐射直接催化合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛。结果表明,当微波输出功率为210W,辐射时间3min,n(苯甲醛)∶n(乙二醇)=1∶2,催化剂用量0 7g(苯甲醛为0 10mol)时,苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的收率为88 3%。     

微波辐射相转移催化合成苯甲酸正丁酯

研究了在四丁基溴化铵催化下，采用微波辐射由苯甲酸钠和溴代正丁烷发生亲核取代反应合成苯甲酸正丁酯。讨论了微波辐射功率、辐射时间、原料配比及催化剂用量等对酯化反应的影响。结果表明：当n（苯甲酸钠）：n（溴代正丁烷）：n（四丁基溴化铵）为1．0：3．0：0．3时，采用280W微波辐射55min，苯甲酸正丁酯的产率可达93．4％。     

几种甲基磺酸盐催化合成缩醛(酮)的研究

以甲基磺酸盐为催化剂合成了苯甲醛缩乙二醇和环己酮缩乙二醇。考察了影响收率的因素,优化合成条件为n醛（酮）：n二醇：n催化剂：V带水剂为0．2mol：O．3mol：3．2mmol：15mL,反应在回流温度下进行2．5h。当以甲基磺酸锌为催化剂时,苯甲醛缩乙二醇的收率可达87．7％。甲基磺酸锌等甲基磺酸盐对缩醛（酮）的合成反应具有较高的催化活性。     

SO4^2-/γ-Al2O3催化合成苯甲醛缩乙二醇

以SO42-/γ-Al2O3为催化剂,以苯甲醛和乙二醇为原料进行缩合反应合成了苯甲醛缩乙二醇。考察了催化剂的制备条件如硫酸浸渍浓度、焙烧温度对催化活性的影响;同时也考察了反应条件如反应物摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间对苯甲醛转化率的影响。结果表明,SO42-/γ-Al2O3是合成苯甲醛缩乙二醇的良好催化剂。催化剂的最佳制备条件为：硫酸浸渍浓度2.5 mol.L-1,焙烧温度650℃;最佳反应条件为：苯甲醛0.05 mol,n（苯甲醛）∶n（乙二醇）=1∶2,催化剂1.0 g,带水剂环己烷5 mL,100℃回流反应120 min。此时苯甲醛转化率可达96.51%。催化剂可回收利用,回收效率取决于焙烧温度。     

铝柱撑活性白土催化合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛

以活性白土为原料,经过铝交联剂改性制成铝柱撑活性白土,并以此为催化剂,用于苯甲醛与乙二醇反应合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛。结果表明：铝柱撑活性白土是合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的良好催化剂。最佳反应条件为：n（苯甲醛）∶n（乙二醇）为1∶1.8,催化剂1.2 g,带水剂甲苯15 mL,160℃搅拌回流3.5 h,收率可达86.8%。同时也考察了三种方法制备的铝柱撑活性白土对产品收率的影响,上述条件下用微波作用制备的铝柱撑活性白土催化效果最好,产品收率可达88.7%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.