用中温沥青调配燃料油的实践

为达到多用中温沥青和提高其附加值的目的,采用将中温沥青、蒽油和洗油、脱酚油配制燃料油。并通过本文的实验条件,用脱酚油、蒽油和中温沥青调配的燃料油或者用洗油、蒽油和中温沥青调配的燃料油。得出洗油和脱酚油调配燃料油的合理配比,找出调配燃料油的技术指标和蒽油和洗油、脱酚油含量之间的关系。     

沥青质分散剂对重质燃料油沥青质分散稳定作用研究

以总潜在沉淀物为指标,考察了沥青质分散剂对船用燃料油沥青质分散性的影响,并对其分散机理进行了讨论,结果表明,十二烷基苯磺酸、十二烷基苯酚、十二烷基醇和十二烷基胺均对燃料油中的沥青质有一定的分散作用,其中,十二烷基苯磺酸分散性能最好,99%以上的以总潜在沉淀物形式检测到的沥青质可以被其重新分散到燃料油中,其良好的分散性可能与十二烷基苯磺酸分子中的酸性官能团和苯环有关。     

慢裂阳离子型沥青乳化剂RH-C01通过中试鉴定

山西省化工研究所与山西省交通科学研究所合作,经过三年的努力完成了该乳化剂的小试和规模为50吨/年的中试,以及沥青乳液的配制和性能试验。该产品经交通部公路科学研究所、武汉市公路管理处和山西省农科院土肥所在公路和农田上进行应用试验,均取得良好的使用效果。     

印度尼西亚布敦岛天然岩沥青溶剂抽提工艺研究

对岩沥青进行了资源分析与利用现状评价，针对印度尼西亚布敦岛天然岩沥青矿开发了一种溶剂抽提岩沥青生产石油沥青和燃料油的新工艺，并探讨了该工艺的技术经济可行性。对不同含油率的沥青样品采用不同溶剂进行抽提。进行了抽出油实沸点蒸馏、沥青指标分析和不同样品掺兑等实验。确定了溶剂抽提工艺方案。结果表明，选择合适的溶刺和馏程分配，能得到燃料油和石油沥青，所得沥青的软化点、针入度、延伸度等指标达到北美岩沥青技术指标要求。     

新型乳化燃料油的研究

本文研究了了以石油磺酸盐（ＷＰＳ）为乳化剂配制乳化燃料油的方法，考察了乳化燃料的稳定性的影响因素，确定了配制乳化燃料油的适宜条件。     

一种煤焦油油品配制工艺及装置

正本发明涉及一种煤焦油油品配制工艺及装置,包括如下步骤:(1)焦油蒸馏装置来的沥青首先通过沥青气化冷却器中冷却,然后进入油品配制槽,与来自重质油槽的蒽油混配;(2)在油品配制槽中设有搅拌器,将沥青与蒽油混合均匀,混配的成品油经配油泵抽出去成品油槽,部分成品油循环回至沥青气化冷却器,产生     

煤沥青材料的应用及其发展前景

煤沥青分为低温、中温、高温煤沥青。介绍了煤沥青的种类与性能,论述了中温煤沥青作为基础材料用作黏结剂、浸渍剂、碳纤维、涂料,道路沥青等的应用,讨论了煤沥青用作石墨电极、电炭、防腐材料、结构材料、燃料油以及在道路沥青方面的发展前景。     

乳化燃料油的研究进展

阐述了微乳液的形成的理论,介绍了微乳化燃油的燃烧机理、配制方法,展望了乳化燃料油的发展趋势和前景;同时指出了乳化燃料油以后的发展方向.     

不同填料沥青胶浆对心墙沥青混凝土性能影响研究

为研究不同填料沥青胶浆对心墙沥青混凝土性能的影响,对水泥、大理岩石粉、花岗岩石粉3种不同填料配制的沥青胶浆进行了微观结构分析,并对3种不同填料配制的心墙沥青混凝土进行了渗透、水稳定性、拉伸、压缩、小梁弯曲等物理力学性能试验研究。结果表明:水泥填料与沥青有更好的裹附效果,沥青胶浆的空间结构更密实。除渗透性能外,水泥填料配制的沥青混凝土各项性能最优,其拉伸性能较花岗岩石粉配制的沥青混凝土提高约31%,花岗岩石粉配制的沥青混凝土水稳定性能不满足规范要求。     

一种酸渣综合利用的方法

<正> 以石油加工、石油化工及煤焦油化工过程中的废酸渣作氧化剂与有机物进行化学反应,转化为锅炉燃料油或沥青。既综合利用了酸渣,与现有氧化沥青工艺相比,本法尾气又减少90%,沥青收率提高5一20%,氧化时间缩短2/3,沥青质量也提高。玉门石油管理局炼油厂提供。     

Characterization of corn oil,soybean oil and sunflowerseed oil nonpolar material

Normal phase preparative and semi-preparative liquid chromatography were used to isolate fractions of varying polarity from corn, soybean and sunflowerseed oils. Reported here is the composition of one fraction, less polar than triglycerides, determined by isolating the individual ?peaks? of a semi-preparative separation using as starting material the mix of compounds obtained from a large scale separation. These peaks were then analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (LC) gas chromatography (GC), mass-spectrometry (MS) with and without GC, in both electron impact (EI) and chemical ionization (CI) modes, and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Semi-quantitative data were obtained for many of the components found in these semi-preparative isolates including hydrocarbons, steryl esters, triterpenyl esters, phytyl esters and geranylgeranyl esters. The weight percent and composition of the preparative fraction differed substantially among the three oils. Corn oil had the greatest amount, at 1.25% of the starting oil, and was composed mostly of steryl and triterpenyl esters. Sunflowerseed oil, at 0.7%, and soybean oil, at 0.3%, showed greater variety in that branched chain esters were included with the steryl/triterpenyl distributions.     

Processing oil shales with heavy oil recycle

Recycle of heavy oil (>340 °C) to the retort, in order to crack/coke the oil to lighter fractions, was investigated as a means of producing shale oil of more desirable product slates. Conversion of heavy oil to light oil (<340 °C) by thermal cracking and coking in the absence of and during oil shale retorting was studied using the CSIRO BIRCOS retort. As expected, the conversion by thermal cracking increased as temperature increased, with most of the net oil loss in the form of gas. By contrast, the conversion by coking alone decreased as temperature increased, with coke representing all the net oil loss. Thermal cracking was found not to be a first-order reaction, by showing a reduced conversion of heavy oil with reduced concentration of oil vapour. Retorting Stuart oil shale with heavy oil feeding and simultaneous cracking and coking showed a conversion of 19.1 g per 100 g feed heavy oil to 10.9 g light oil, 2.2 g gas and 6.0 g coke, with a net oil loss of 3.8 g per 100 g shale oil produced. These data were used to generate a set of parameters for a mathematical model which simulated a heavy oil recycle loop.     

Sunflower oil processing from crude to salad oil

World-wide use of sunflower oil is second only to soybean oil. Interest in domestic use as a premium salad oil is very recent. The high ratio of polyunsaturated-to-saturated fatty acids makes sunflower oil a premium salad oil. Sunflower oil, however, contains a small amount of high melting wax which must be removed to avoid settling problems. It is possible to produce a brilliant, dewaxed, deodorized sunflower oil with over a 100-hr cold test at 0 C. This quality oil can be produced by conventional caustic refining, dewaxing, bleaching and deodorization. A quality finished oil may also be produced by dewaxing and steam refining. This paper reviews various methods for processing sunflower oil from the crude state through the finished, dewaxed, deodorized salad oil. Presented at the ISF/AOCS Meeting, New York, April, 1980.     

Solubility of hydrogenated peanut oil in peanut oil

Conclusions Data obtained on the solubility of hydrogenated peanut oil in refined peanut oil and the behavior of the mixtures on cooling indicate that freedom from oil separation on storage is largely determined by the nature as well as the amount of solid crystals present in the oil. The results suggest that the best procedure for prevention of oil separation would involve shockchilling the molten mixture to produce the finely divided metastable crystalline modification followed by tempering at such a temperature as to permit transformation of the crystals into the more desirable higher-melting form without changing the finely divided state necessary for improved palatability. The data imply that under controlled conditions any amount of the high-melting modification of the hard fat incorporated in peanut oil above the solubility temperature in excess of 2% should produce a mixture free from oil separation under average storage conditions. The choice of the actual concentration of the hard fat, above the minimum amount, would depend upon the degree of plasticity desired. Ambient temperature to which the mixture is likely to be subjected will influence to a considerable extent the selection of the hard fat content. The information obtained is of fundamental importance in connection with the problem of oil separation in peanut butter. One of the laboratories of the Bureau of Agricultural and Industrial Chemistry, Agricultural Research Administration, U. S. Department of Agriculture.     

无主炼原油的原油调和调度问题

原油在线调和调度对于优化炼油计划和保障先进控制的实施具有重要的意义。此问题复杂度高,需要研究更加高效的求解算法。实际生产过程中,既存在主炼原油和若干种掺炼原油混合炼制的情况,又存在无主炼原油的情况。无主炼原油的情况,油品配对和掺炼比紧密关联,难以直接描述。本文针对无主炼原油的原油调和调度问题提出了一种新颖的描述方式,并给出模型的构造算法,进一步针对其两层结构利用基于序的方案进行了求解,对实际原油性质数据的仿真结果表明,基于序的求解算法可以大幅度提高计算效率。     

Preparation of laurel oil alkanolamide from laurel oil

A low-temperature synthesis of laurel oil alkanolamides directly from laurel oil and ethanolamine was carried out in essentially quantitative yields. The ethanolamine/laurel oil molar ratio used was 10∶1. Even though amine served as a catalyst in the reaction, we used sodium methoxide at a ratio of 0.2–2% as a second catalyst. The reaction was complete in 1–9 h at room temperature. The identity of the amide was confirmed by IR and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy.     

生物质裂解油在柴油中乳化的研究

以乳化液稳定性为评价指标,研究了复配乳化剂、助乳化剂、助乳化剂与复配乳化剂质量比[m(C)m/(T)]及生物质裂解油在乳化液中质量分数的选择,并考察了HLB值、乳化温度、乳化时间、乳化方式、搅拌方式对乳化液稳定性的影响。实验结果表明:采用质量分数1.7%的T-85和乳化剂A的复配乳化剂,m(C)m/(T)为0.05的正辛醇为助乳化剂,在HLB值为8、乳化温度为20~40℃的条件下,将质量分数5%的生物质裂解油在柴油中高速乳化5m in,其中,乳化方式为T-85溶于生物质裂解油,乳化剂A溶于柴油,边搅拌柴油边加入生物质裂解油,再加入助乳化剂,乳化液的稳定性较好,稳定时间可达20 d。