粉粒料输送成套设备采购技术要求的研究

从成功建设化工项目的需要出发,根据实际工作经验,从设计、材料分供方、产品制造、检验和验收以及投标人应遵守的技术规范、应提交的供招标人评标审核的技术文件等方面提出了粉粒料输送成套设备招标采购技术要求编制的几个要点.     

创新型高科技产品及其制备应遵循的基本原则

从创新型高科技产品及制备技术应遵循的基本原则讲起,阐述了制造工艺、制备技术、市场价值、环境影响等方面内容,从8个方面论证了创新型高科技产品的重要性。     

国内应用的几种煤化工技术的分析比较

对国内常见几种比较先进的粉煤气化、水煤浆气化技术从不同方面进行分析比较,总结出选择煤气化技术应考虑的因素。     

氨合成塔外壳选型采购过程中的几个技术问题

从技术角度出发,对采购过程中氨合成塔壳体结构形式选择、材料选择、部分结构设计等几个方面进行了研究探讨,提出业主在技术方案确定时应重点注意的几个技术问题。     

我国聚酯产业技术发展历程回顾

从聚酯产业发展的40年历史过程,分析了推动聚酯产业发展的动力源于其聚合技术和聚酯产品加工技术、聚酯下游产品加工技术的提高及应用领域的不断扩大。从大型化、连续化、非纤化、流程优化等方面证明聚酯产业的发展离不开聚酯技术和装备的突破和进步,提出今后聚酯产业进入可持续发展阶段,聚酯产业应保持与技术同步发展。     

谈税收筹划在企业不同发展阶段的方式

阐述了税收筹划的目标、相关程序和采用的基本技术,从企业的不同发展阶段,介绍了税收筹划应采取的方式。     

从生物化学角度认识DDS脱硫技术

从生化角度叙述了DDS脱硫技术的原理、效果和使用中应注意的事项。     

中国生物柴油大规模发展应首先解决的问题

随着原油价格高企,生物柴油产业应出现良好的发展前景,可为什么中国生物柴油生产企业开工率普遍较低?本文从原料来源及生物柴油制备技术发展趋势两方面分析,提出了我国生物柴油大规模发展应首先解决的两个重要问题-原料与技术.     

我国涂料用树脂的技术进展

从人才、装置和技术趋势等方面讨论了我国涂料用树脂的现状及发展,指出了我国涂料用树脂发展中应注意的问题。     

4.3m捣固焦炉与6m顶装焦炉的比较

对4.3m捣固焦炉和6m焦炉进行了技术经济比较,详细地从资源、焦炭质量、环境、经济等方面介绍了捣固炼焦的技术优势,指出了我国捣固炼焦技术发展方向,建议在我国应大力推广应用4.3m捣固炼焦技术,为今后我国捣固焦炉进一步实现大型化奠定基础。     

Long-term residual value of North Carolina and Queensland rock phosphates compared with triple superphosphate

The effectiveness of large single applications of North Carolina reactive rock phosphate, Queensland non-reactive rock phosphate, and Calciphos, were compared to the effectiveness of superphosphate in field experiments in south-western Australia for up to 11 years after application. As measured using plant yield, superphosphate was the most effective fertilizer in the year of application, and relative to freshly-applied superphosphate, the effectiveness of the superphosphate residues declined to be about 15 to 65% as effective in the year after application, and 5 to 20% as effective 9 to 10 years after application. Relative to freshly-applied superphosphate, all the rock phosphates were 10 to 30% as effective in the year of application, and the residues remained 2 to 20% as effective in the 10 years after application. The bicarbonate soil test reagent predicted a more gradual decrease in effectiveness of superphosphate of up to 70% 10 years after application. For rock phosphate, the reagent predicted effectiveness to be always lower than for superphosphate, being initially 2 to 11% as effective in the year after application, and from 10% to equally as effective 10 years later. Therefore rock phosphates are unlikely to be economic alternatives to superphosphate in the short or long term on most lateritic soils in south-western Australia.     

Catalysis, a driver for sustainability and societal challenges

Catalysis is an enabling technology to promote sustainability, environment, energy, health and quality of life. This contribution discusses the role of catalysis in achieving these objectives and some of the factors which will drive the changes in catalysis research in the next years, in particular the need to go to more sustainable and modular-design of the chemical processes (F³-factory), the use of biomass and of renewables, including solar energy, and the challenges offered from electrocatalysis. It is also emphasized the need to strength research on catalysis, and some examples of how to overcome fragmentation barriers, particularly in catalysis areas (homo-, hetero- and bio-) and in academy–industry interactions. The need to create a longer term vision and strong collaborations in order to develop a knowledge platform, in order to accelerate the innovation path. Finally, the need to develop new catalytic materials, particularly of tailoring catalyst nano-architectures and develop new catalysts based on the concepts of nanoreactors and catalytic nanofactories are discussed.     

The annual cycle of Flehmen in black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus)

Flehmen is a stereotyped response of ungulates and other mammals to urine. In black-tailed deer, Flehmen occurs typically in males (rarely in females), and its frequency shows an annual cycle. Flehmen in response to female urine was most frequent in November, and to male urine in January. The response minimum to both types of urine occurred in May. Fifty-five to 100% of initial responses to female urine resulted in Flehmen. The deer responded more often to female urine, and the difference between the responses to female and male urine increased from May to November. A male's own urine released Flehmen more often than did urine of other males. The response intensity varied with the spatial orientation of the male to the urinating female, and responses were usually limited to distances of 15 m or less.     

催化两器衬里烘炉后失强原因分析

对国内某炼油厂催化裂化装置沉降器和再生器（两器）衬里烘炉后出现强度偏低的问题,从系统因素入手,对衬里材料、施工质量控制、烘炉过程控制、环境影响、综合因素等方面进行分析,衬里发生了碱-集料反应是造成衬里质量问题的主要原因.提出改进措施,加强对耐火衬里碱-集料反应研究,严格限制材料中碱和活性物质含量,针对不同地区的实际环境,合理安排设备制造与衬里施工计划,避开不适宜的时间段施工,缩短衬里浇筑后的放置时间,同时加强通风养护,及时脱水烘炉,严格控制烘炉过程的升温速度和持续时间等,避免出现类似问题.     

An Update on Graphene-Based Nanomaterials for Neural Growth and Central Nervous System Regeneration

Thanks to their reduced size, great surface area, and capacity to interact with cells and tissues, nanomaterials present some attractive biological and chemical characteristics with potential uses in the field of biomedical applications. In this context, graphene and its chemical derivatives have been extensively used in many biomedical research areas from drug delivery to bioelectronics and tissue engineering. Graphene-based nanomaterials show excellent optical, mechanical, and biological properties. They can be used as a substrate in the field of tissue engineering due to their conductivity, allowing to study, and educate neural connections, and guide neural growth and differentiation; thus, graphene-based nanomaterials represent an emerging aspect in regenerative medicine. Moreover, there is now an urgent need to develop multifunctional and functionalized nanomaterials able to arrive at neuronal cells through the blood-brain barrier, to manage a specific drug delivery system. In this review, we will focus on the recent applications of graphene-based nanomaterials in vitro and in vivo, also combining graphene with other smart materials to achieve the best benefits in the fields of nervous tissue engineering and neural regenerative medicine. We will then highlight the potential use of these graphene-based materials to construct graphene 3D scaffolds able to stimulate neural growth and regeneration in vivo for clinical applications.     

Reprogramming of Plant Central Metabolism in Response to Abiotic Stresses: A Metabolomics View

Abiotic stresses rewire plant central metabolism to maintain metabolic and energy homeostasis. Metabolites involved in the plant central metabolic network serve as a hub for regulating carbon and energy metabolism under various stress conditions. In this review, we introduce recent metabolomics techniques used to investigate the dynamics of metabolic responses to abiotic stresses and analyze the trend of publications in this field. We provide an updated overview of the changing patterns in central metabolic pathways related to the metabolic responses to common stresses, including flooding, drought, cold, heat, and salinity. We extensively review the common and unique metabolic changes in central metabolism in response to major abiotic stresses. Finally, we discuss the challenges and some emerging insights in the future application of metabolomics to study plant responses to abiotic stresses.     

Development in nutrient balances in Danish agriculture 1980–2004

A farm-gate nutrient balance showed that the surpluses per hectare fell from 175 to 123 kg N, from 29 to 13 kg P and from 61 to 32 kg K from 1979/80 to 2003/04. Consequently, the nutrient use efficiency (total output in % of total input) increased for N from 20% in 1979/80 to 37% in 2003/04, for P from 23% to 52% and for K from 18% to 43%. Parallel to the peak in surplus of N around 1980, elevated nitrogen concentrations were observed in ground and marine waters. A series of agro-environmental action plans were initiated, and the discharge of N to Danish coastal waters was reduced, though less than the reduction in surplus and losses from agriculture. In contrast to N, the reduction in P surplus was not reflected in any reduction in discharge of P from agriculture during the last two decades. A farm-gate account of N surplus is a reasonable indicator of potential N loss, whereas loss of P is mainly related to the soil P saturation level and to specific loss events. By preparing accounts for sub-sectors such as the arable and animal production sectors or for products within these sectors, farm-gate nutrient balances show the development in agricultural production, in addition to the trend in potential environmental impacts. Nutrient balances may thus link the environmental aspect to the economic aspect of agricultural production and assist in the monitoring of the sustainability of agriculture.     

Bone Biomarkers in Mucopolysaccharidoses

The accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in bone and cartilage leads to progressive damage in cartilage that, in turn, reduces bone growth by the destruction of the growth plate, incomplete ossification, and growth imbalance. The mechanisms of pathophysiology related to bone metabolism in mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) include impaired chondrocyte function and the failure of endochondral ossification, which leads to the release of inflammatory cytokines via the activation of Toll-like receptors by GAGs. Although improvements in the daily living of patients with MPS have been achieved with enzyme replacement, treatment for the bone disorder is limited. There is an increasing need to identify biomarkers related to bone and cartilage to evaluate the progressive status and to monitor the treatment of MPS. Recently, new analysis methods, such as proteomic analysis, have identified new biomarkers in MPS. This review summarizes advances in clinical bone metabolism and bone biomarkers.     

我国煤制烯烃技术发展现状与趋势分析

煤制烯烃是近几年来盈利状况最好的现代煤化工产品,其发展动向引发石化行业关注。本文介绍了煤制烯烃尤其是经甲醇制烯烃技术的发展现状,探讨了煤制烯烃技术的发展趋势,并对煤制烯烃和外购甲醇制烯烃技术的经济性进行了分析,认为：目前煤制烯烃技术总体上成熟,已在我国得到大规模工业推广,但仍需加强技术创新,早日拥有具有自主知识产权的煤制烯烃全流程一体化成套技术。随着我国煤制烯烃产能快速增长,未来石油烯烃与煤制烯烃的竞争不断加剧,为此应立足行业实际,充分发挥石油化工与煤化工自身优势,加快技术研发与产品结构调整,实现产品结构差异化、高端化,促进石油化工与煤化工优势互补,推动我国化工行业高质量发展。