有效亮度温度测量中发射率影响的修正

经典的短波高温修正模型不适用于中长波红外温度计的发射率修正和不确定度评定。采用有效亮度温度概念,得到了对于温度范围和测温波长具有广泛适用性的发射率影响模型以及具有简明物理含义的微差近似形式,包含了经典亮度温度理论中的发射率影响修正和环境辐射误差修正。定量分析了经典的短波高温修正模型的误差。针对黑体辐射源的不同溯源方法,讨论了辐射温度计校准中的发射率影响修正方法,并给出修正实例。所用方法可用于辐射测温应用、辐射温度计校准和黑体辐射源校准中的发射率和环境影响修正以及辐射源发射率不确定度对校准结果不确定度贡献的计算。     

矿用本安型温度传感器测量系统的校准方法

矿用本安型温度传感器适用于煤矿机电设备的温度连续测量,传感器配测量系统则实现了现场设备温度数据多通道采集及存储功能。文章介绍了矿用本安型温度传感器测量系统的原理和校准方法,采用比较法对矿本安型温度传感器进行校准,通过校准对其测量系统的运算参数进行修正确定,对校准结果的不确定度评定和影响量分析,确定误差来源及减小误差影响的方法。进一步确定矿用本安型温度传感器测量系统的计量性能,保证工业现场测量的可靠性、稳定性。     

医用加速器高能光子束水吸收剂量测量及不确定度分析

针对电离室的⁶⁰Co水吸收剂量校准因子使用中存在的问题,对NIM在⁶⁰Co辐射场下校准电离室的水吸收剂量进行了研究。针对校准电离室和校准医用加速器时所考虑修正项的差异,对各修正项进行分析。通过不确定度分析得出⁶⁰Co辐射场下校准电离室的不确定度为0.71%,传递到加速器高能光子束下水吸收剂量的不确定度为1.30%。最后,给出医用加速器高能光子束水吸收剂量校准时的建议和注意事项。     

黑体辐射源发射率对辐射测温准确度的影响及修正方法

随着辐射温度计的广泛应用,对准确测量、校准或检定的要求越来越高.尽管黑体辐射源的性能不断提高,但黑体辐射源发射率偏离1仍然是影响辐射温度计校准/检定或相关应用准确度的关键问题.可是目前对辐射温度计的校准常常忽略黑体辐射源发射率偏离1的影响或在分析中采用不适当的计算.针对常见的辐射温度计,阐述了对黑体辐射源发射率的影响进行修正与不确定度评定的一般方法,对复杂的宽带辐射温度计提出可行的近似计算方法,并对最常见的8～14μm宽带辐射温度计给出了计算结果.分析结果表明,对于较长波长的辐射温度计,在中高温区的校准或检定中所经常使用黑体辐射源发射率值所引起的亮度温度误差是显著的,应予以修正.     

发射率影响修正近似公式及其适用性分析

黑体辐射源的有效发射率影响是辐射测温计量标准中的重要影响因素.本文利用有效亮度温度概念,对辐射温度计或黑体辐射源检定校准中的发射率影响修正模型的多种简化形式进行了分析比较.定量分析了Wien近似、忽略环境辐射近似和微差近似等几种近似模型的温度与波长适用性.其中微差模型具有简明的物理含义,经典的短波高温修正模型不宜用于常见的8～14μm辐射温度计的测量结果修正.在有效亮度温度测量与校准的发射率修正和不确定度传播计算中,本文分析结果为在不同波长和温度范围合理选择简化公式提供了参考依据.     

中子周围剂量当量仪的校准方法与亚太比对

中子周围剂量当量(率)仪作为中子辐射水平监测的主要设备须采用适当的方法进行准确校准。亚太计量规划组织于2012年组织了该类仪器的校准比对(APMP.RI(III)-S1),比对协议规定采用放射性核素中子源的中子参考辐射场校准主导实验室提供的比对仪器,并推荐采用影锥法和距离变化法对校准结果进行散射中子修正,参比实验室将比对仪器的校准因子及其不确定度作为比对结果上报。中国计量科学研究院参加了本次比对,比对结果表明参比实验室的校准结果在不确定度范围内一致。     

紫外能量计校准及测量不确定度分析

紫外能量计专门用于测量紫外辐射源的辐射剂量，常应用于工业生产光固化、紫外消毒杀菌等领域。文章介绍了紫外能量计的校准装置及校准方法，通过标准紫外辐射照度计和电子定时器相结合确定辐射剂量标准值，校准时根据紫外能量计的实际使用情况选择合适的紫外辐射源开展辐射源稳定性测试，并正确选用标准紫外辐射照度计及其修正因子，从而确保紫外能量计校准的有效性及准确性。最后根据紫外能量计校准过程的各项影响因素对测量结果进行了不确定度评定分析。     

密度计示值误差测量结果的不确定度评定

对密度计示值误差测量结果进行不确定度的评定.通过对密度计校准点1.20g/cm3测量过程重复性、所使用标准密度计、测量过程中毛细修正、数字修约及校准液体与室温的差别等影响测量结果的不确定度分量进行分析,测量不确定度为0.0002g/cm3.     

活塞式液体流量标准装置体积校准方法的探讨

对活塞式液体流量标准装置体积校准方法进行了研究,基于理想圆柱体模型建立了活塞装置体积模型,引入修正系数对所建立的体积模型进行修正,并利用质量守恒定律提出采用质量法对活塞装置进行体积校准.对修正系数进行赋值分析和不确定度评定,结果表明5L及以上体积的扩展不确定度优于0.05％.该方法操作简便,可控性好,结果准确可靠.     

皮托管系数校准方法的探讨

文章围绕皮托管系数校准方法的特点和校准结果不确定度两方面内容,对皮托管系数校准方法进行了探讨.通过对流速法和系数法两种皮托管系数校准方法特点的对比,论述了系数法在地方计量技术机构的广泛适用性,并对基于系数法的皮托管系数校准结果不确定度分量来源和不确定度计算方式进行了建模和试验分析,通过对不确定度分量影响因素的分析和试验...     

试飞测试系统压力参数在线校准方法与装置

当前试飞测试系统压力参数的校准主要采取拆卸后在实验室校准的方式,存在校准时间长,多次拆装容易造成接口损坏的问题。为了解决这个问题,研究一种压力参数的在线校准方法,实现了真实工况下的原位比对校准。通过实验获得了标准压力传感器在温度复合情况下的量值特性规律,构建了温度补偿模型,实现了标准压力值的准确获取。研制了由三个不同量程标准压力传感器、环境温湿度和大气压传感器以及在线校准软件等组成的校准装置,通过初步实验验证了校准方法和装置的合理性。该方法可以作为实验室校准的有效补充,降低校准的人力和时间成本,提高飞行试验的效率。     

黑体辐射源的多波长有效亮度温度校准和不同溯源方式特点分析

介绍了中国计量科学研究院建立的标准变温黑体辐射源和有效亮度温度比较装置;阐述了黑体辐射源多波长有效亮度温度校准的2种方法,给出典型校准结果并分析了辐射源特性。比较分析了3种溯源方式的性能特点及其应用的影响因素。提出控温复现性的概念,它是以往未被重视的辐射源关键性能参数。多波长有效亮度温度校准是可减小或消除有效发射率和接触测温测点温差影响的溯源方案,与传统溯源方式特性互补,可用于评价辐射源的有效发射率和测点温差,对控温复现性好的辐射源效果最优。     

几种典型温度传感器跨超音速恢复特性校准

介绍了跨、超音速条件下温度传感器恢复特性的校准设备与校准方法,采用反串、低流速原位互校等方法,针对几种典型结构的温度传感器进行了马赫数0.95～2.0条件下的恢复特性校准,并与美国航空航天局的校准结果进行了比较,结果表明,二者之间的相对偏差在0.1％ ～2.8％之间.通过校准实验揭示了跨、超音速条件下温度传感器恢复特性...     

Improving the Traceability of Meteorological Measurements at Automatic Weather Stations in Thailand

A joint project between the National Institute of Metrology Thailand (NIMT) and the Thai Meteorology Department (TMD) was established for improving the traceability of meteorology measurements at automatic weather stations (AWSs) in Thailand. The project aimed to improve traceability of air temperature, relative humidity and atmospheric pressure by implementing on-site calibration facilities and developing of new calibration procedures. First, new portable calibration facilities for air temperature, humidity and pressure were set up as working standard of the TMD. A portable humidity calibrator was applied as a uniform and stable source for calibration of thermo-hygrometers. A dew-point hygrometer was employed as reference hygrometer and a platinum resistance thermometer (PRT) traceable to NIMT was used as reference thermometer. The uniformity and stability in both temperature and relative humidity were characterized at NIMT. A transportable pressure calibrator was used for calibration of air pressure sensor. The estimate overall uncertainty of the calibration setup is 0.2 K for air temperature, 1.0 % for relative humidity and 0.2 hPa for atmospheric pressure, respectively. Second, on-site calibration procedures were developed and four AWSs in the central part and the northern of Thailand were chosen as pilot stations for on-site calibration using the new calibration setups and developed calibration procedures. At each station, the calibration was done at the minimum temperature, average temperature and maximum temperature of the year, for air temperature, 20 %, 55 % and 90 % for relative humidity at the average air temperature of that station and at a one-year statistics pressure range for atmospheric pressure at ambient temperature. Additional in-field uncertainty contributions such as the temperature dependence on relative humidity measurement were evaluated and included in the overall uncertainty budget. Preliminary calibration results showed that using a separate PRT probe at these AWSs would be recommended for improving the accuracy of air temperature measurement. In case of relative humidity measurement, the data logger software is needed to be upgraded for achieving higher accuracy of less than 3 %. For atmospheric pressure measurement, a higher accuracy barometer traceable to NIMT could be used to reduce the calibration uncertainty to below 0.2 hPa.     

多光谱测温技术研究

辐射温度是表征辐射热源的核心参数,要准确测试辐射温度首先须准确测试热辐射体的发射率。本文根据弹药爆炸时火焰辐射温度的特性和普朗克定律的适用性,采用多光谱的方法对火焰光谱发射率进行拟合运算和绝对辐射定标,研制了适合于弹药爆炸时火焰温度的多光谱测温设备,并进行了现场测试和分析,完成了火焰辐射温度的准确测试。     

飞机地面测试试验系统综合校准述评

综述了飞机地面测试试验系统现场校准的现场，对现场校准的需求情况进行了归纳和总结，包括溯源性要求、在线评价需求、多种物理量校准需求、多种特性校准需求、自动化校准需求以及总体评价需求。从技术上、计量法规上以及人的意识上几方面入手，分析了其中的难点，包括原位校准、多种物理量激励源、自动化校准、可测性、法规适应性、复合量纲特征和质量意识，并提出了相应的向点对策和建议，包括总体评价对策、以及现场测量系统的可测性设计原则和分段法校准方案。     

基于Visual Basic 6.0的大衰减量的自动校准

介绍了大衰减量的测试原理和测试方法,并着重介绍了利用这种测试方法并通过Visual Basic 6.0实现对大衰减量的自动校准;所开发的自动校准系统简洁明了、操作方便、性能可靠.     

Evaluation of a Portable Apparatus for the Realization of the Triple Point of Argon

In this paper, the evaluation of the performance of a portable triple-point-of-argon apparatus, via the analysis of the calibration history of selected working (fused silica) standard platinum resistance thermometers (SPRTs), is presented. These have an extensive calibration history, both internally (using different apparatus) and externally at two National Measurement Institutes. A special procedure had to be developed, for the calibration of metal-sheathed SPRTs, in order to ensure adequate thermal contact between the SPRT and the well and to minimize the influence of stem conduction, inherent in the compact design of the maintenance system. The results show good agreement between the measurements performed with this system and those with the previously used apparatus, to a level of uncertainty consistent with the INTA calibration and measurement capability (CMC) of 3.0 mK (k = 2). This CMC is given by the Spanish accreditation body (ENAC), under accreditation No. 16/10.007, for the routine calibration of SPRTs at the triple point of argon. It is concluded that the portable apparatus is suitable for use as a transfer standard for the comparison of local realizations of the triple point of argon. This avoids the need to shipping fragile SPRTs, with a valuable long calibration history, and eliminates the contributions due the long-term stability of the thermometers subjected to transportation. The long-term stability of the portable apparatus reported in this work has only been determined in laboratory conditions.     

Multi-Entrance Fixed Points as an Alternative to the Equalizing Block

The uncertainty of comparison calibrations is often limited by temperature gradients and the stability of the isothermal zone. Traditionally, an equalizing block inserted into a bath or furnace is used to provide an isothermal zone during calibration. In this paper, the design and performance of a multi-entrance fixed point (MEFP) filled with mercury is described, with the goal to replace an equalizing block with the phase transition of mercury during melting/freezing. During this investigation, three thermometers were calibrated against a standard in the same bath at − 39  ˚C, using both the standard equalizing block and MEFP. The measurement results clearly indicate that use of MEFP decreases the uncertainty contributions from temperature gradients and the stability of the bath by an order of magnitude compared to the standard equalizing block.     

多区加热热电偶检定炉的温场研究

针对在热电偶检定过程中使用传统的检定炉用均温块所导致的控温滞后、恒温时间长、漏电及炉管弯曲等问题,研制出不用均温块温场也能满足相关规范要求的多区加热检定炉,以提高检测效率.根据JJF 1184-2007《热电偶检定炉温度场测试技术规范》对用均温块的传统单区加热检定炉与不用均温块的多区加热检定炉的温场分别进行测试;再用热...