A Revised Brackish Water Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) Site Selection Index for Water Resources Management

Water Resources Management - The performance of a brackish water aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) system is controlled by complex interactions among many variables. Some of these variables can be...     

Simulation-Optimization Modeling for Sustainable Groundwater Development: A Moroccan Coastal Aquifer Case Study

A transient simulation model characterizing groundwater flow in the coastal aquifer of Rhis-Nekor was constructed and calibrated. The flow model was then used in conjunction with a genetic algorithm based optimization model to explore the optimal pumping schemes that meet current and future water demands while minimizing the risks for several adverse environmental impacts, such as saltwater intrusion prevention, avoiding excessive drawdown, as well as controlling waterlogging and salinity problems. Modeling results demonstrate the importance of this combined simulation-optimization methodology for solving groundwater management problems associated with the Rhis-Nekor plain.     

GIS-Based Assessment for the Development of a Groundwater Quality Index Towards Sustainable Aquifer Management

This study aims at developing Groundwater Quality Indices (GQIs) that constitute a reliable tool in defining aquifer vulnerability. For this purpose, water quality sampling campaigns were conducted on 60 groundwater wells during most vulnerable periods of early and late summer to ensure the representativeness of the targeted GQI under worst case conditions. The samples were tested for various water quality indicators, which were then used to develop the GQIs through GIS-based mapping with spatial geostatistical analysis. The results contribute in filling a gap in GQI definition and form a basis for planning effective water quality management towards sustainable exploitation of groundwater resources particularly during summer periods when recharge is limited.     

Process Based Integrated Models for Managed Aquifer Recharge and Aquifer Storage Treatment and Recovery

Water Resources Management - Process based semi-analytical models for surface and ground water management of a recharge basin, based on the concept of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) and aquifer...     

Cost-effective Approaches for Sustainable Groundwater Management in Alluvial Aquifer Systems

The consequences of unsustainable use of groundwater are becoming increasingly evident worldwide, particularly in developing nations. Groundwater management is a serious problem in many parts of the world. The prime concern is how to achieve groundwater sustainability. Artificial recharge techniques coupled with water harvesting hold a great promise for groundwater sustainability. The main intent of this paper is to highlight salient cost-effective and easy-to-use methods for augmenting groundwater resources in the alluvial hydrogeologic setting. Based on the intensive field investigation in a groundwater basin of Japan, three low-cost and easy-to-implement recharge techniques are suggested for alluvial aquifer systems, viz., augmentation of river flow, recharge through irrigation/drainage canals, and recharge from paddy fields. The source of recharge water for these recharge techniques is surface water supply. The efficacy of these methods or approaches has been demonstrated. It is emphasized that such cost-effective methods of groundwater recharge are key to sustainable groundwater management in both developing and developed countries. These methods must not be overlooked in the midst of sophisticated and highly expensive methods.     

Sustainable Development through Groundwater Management: A Case Study on the Barind Tract

Since its birth in 1985, the Barind Multi-purpose Development Project (BMDP) has become a model of a sustainable rural development project in Bangladesh. The project maintains technical soundness by ensuring a high level of water use efficiency and a minimum well spacing. The project runs on full operating and maintenance cost recovery basis, which is achieved through an innovative prepaid water coupon system and the associated command area development scheme. Its governance structure is democratic and participatory. The project has several environmental enhancement programmes such as water conservation, homestead and social forestry, promotion of integrated pest control, and farmers' training. In addition, it has adopted an integrated planning approach that incorporates extending rural electrification, building rural infrastructure and an array of other support programmes. As a result, the BMDP has emerged as a model of sustainable groundwater-based rural development initiative in Bangladesh.     

淮北市地下水资源可持续利用

介绍了淮北市水环境基本情况,分析了该市的水资源利用现状及目前存在问题,包括地下水利用不合理、水污染导致生态环境恶化、水资源浪费严重及监管水平低下,最后提出对策有效利用水资源来保障淮北市经济社会可持续发展。     

The Influence of Anthropogenic Contamination on the Groundwater Chemistry of a Semi-confined Aquifer (The Wielkopolska Buried Valley Aquifer,Poland)

The problem of the identification of the influence of anthropogenic contamination on the groundwater chemistry of a semi-confined buried valley aquifer is presented. It has been shown that the symptoms of groundwater chemistry transformation due to anthropogenic contamination appear, even though confined conditions occur. Statistical techniques have been used for the identification of this problem. Factor analysis has been used to recognize the most vulnerable parts of the aquifer. Based on the factor scores, data sets characterizing natural and pollutant groundwater chemistry were distinguished. The comparison of the “natural” groundwater chemistry with the whole data set (by means of the correlation analysis and regression analysis) enabled the identification of the components which are the most sensitive to anthropogenic impact. The changes of groundwater chemistry over time identify the intensity of the anthropogenic impact.     

运城地区地下水可持续开发利用的问题及对策

根据山西省运城地区地下水超量开采引起的一系列环境地质问题以及工业废水、生活污水对地下水的污染状况 ,基于可持续发展思想 ,提出加强沿黄地下水水源地的建设开发 ,加大节水灌溉设施建设资金的投入 ,调整开采层位 ,对地下水资源合理定价 ,严格控制工业废水及生活污水对地下水资源的污染等一系列对策措施     

山西省地下水资源可持续利用研究

本文在可持续发展战略的指导下，讨论了山西省地下水资源可持续开发利用的原则，论述了全省地下水开发利用现状及水环境问题，分析了地下水的开发利用潜力，并提出了地下水资源可持续开发利用应采取的对策与措施。     

从可持续发展高度论运城地区地下水资源开发利用的对策意见

本文通过对运城地区地下水资源超量开采引起的一系列环境地质问题及工业、生活污水对地下水污染现状的探讨，基于可持续发展的思想，提出了运城地区地下水资源开发、利用应采取的策略。     

Optimal Agricultural Water Allocation for the Sustainable Development of Surface and Groundwater Resources

This paper presents a multiobjective linear program for the optimal allocation of water resources among various crops in a large canal command area of Pakistan. The available surface water in the canal cannot meet the net irrigation requirement (NIR) of various crops, which leads to the overexploitation of groundwater and causes salinity problems. Therefore, an optimal water allocation model was formulated using the simultaneous compromise constraint (SICCON) technique for the sustainable development of surface water and groundwater. Three (03) single objective functions (OFs) and a multiobjective function (MOF) were considered in this study. The MOF combines the single OFs by developing an arrangement among them to both maximize the satisfaction rate for surface water (SR_s) and net economic returns (NER) and minimize the salinity problems. The available surface water (AW) of 1531 Mm³ was allocated among various crops, i.e., wheat, cotton, sugarcane, rice, onion, and sunflower, using the SICCON technique, and the deficit was accounted for with groundwater reserves. The model results showed an average increase of 22% in SR_s and 7.2 million USD in NER_s from surface water allocation compared to the current water allocation practice. Moreover, the salinity levels of the allocated water exceed the threshold limits of onion, sugarcane, and rice crops in the current water allocation system and thereby negatively impact agricultural production. Hence, the model used in this study may support decision-makers in the optimal selection of different crops to be irrigated to maximize the SR_s and NER_s and minimize salinity problems.

     

Managing Groundwater in Hard-rock Areas through Agro-well Design and Development

Water shortage in the dry season is a major problem facing agriculture in the dry and intermediate zones of Sri Lanka. Large diameter wells (agro-wells) have been introduced to use the groundwater as a supplement to rainfall. The underlying crystalline hard-rock formations have very low storage and transmissivity, which limit the groundwater resource. The haphazard development of agro-wells may seriously threaten sustainable groundwater use in the future. Based on field studies and a groundwater hydrological model, this paper explains a methodology for determining the dimensions of agro-wells that limit a farmer to abstracting no more than the volume of water recharged under his/her land. This methodology can be used to regulate groundwater in hard-rock aquifers by identifying the safe volume of water that can be abstracted, establishing the optimum well dimensions for constructing a new well, and matching crop-water requirements to the abstractable volume of water. Farmers themselves can regulate groundwater resources to limit exploitation to equal their entitlement.     

遗传算法在潜水含水层底高分布确定及参数识别中的应用

笔者提出了给定若干个地下水位观测值,利用遗传算法反求潜水含水层底高及含水层渗透系数及饱和度的识别方法。通过二维潜水含水层地下水的流动计算验证了该方法的有效性。     

Application of Non-Linear Simulation and Optimisation Models in Groundwater Aquifer Management

The need for rational and overall water resources management has become, during the past decades, a problem ofmajor importance due to the rising water demands. In this paper atechnique is presented through which a management model that combines the useof two separate models, a flow simulation and an optimisation one, isused for groundwater management. The necessary stages for the formulationand the combined use of the two models, along with a number of problemsthat might arise during the development of the management model are alsopresented. This technique is applied to a large-scale case study problemthat forms an optimisation approach with a large number of non-linear decisionvariables. The results of the application of the management modeldemonstrate the importance of the use of such models both in managing rationallyavailable water resources and in reducing the operational cost of theirexploitation.     

Groundwater contributions to surface water in the Assiniboine Delta Aquifer (ADA): A water quantity and quality perspective

In the Lake Winnipeg Basin (LWB), at both basin and regional scales, there are currently gaps regarding the significance of groundwater as a mediator of nutrient and contaminant fluxes to Lake Winnipeg. During 2018, surface water and groundwater samples were collected from various locations across the largest sand and gravel aquifer (Assiniboine Delta Aquifer [ADA]; 3800 km²) in the LWB as well as from surface water courses flowing above this aquifer. The samples collected during spring and fall were analyzed for anions and cations as well as for a series of isotopic and geochemical tracers (e.g. water isotopes, carbon 14, artificial sweeteners, pesticides, etc.). The results reveal that groundwater and the small watercourses flowing above the ADA have a similar chemical composition, which is in contrast with the chemical composition of the main watercourse flowing above the aquifer (Assiniboine River [AR]). When corroborated with stream discharge measurements this indicates that groundwater plays a significant role at local scale in controlling both the flow and the chemical composition of the AR tributaries. Nitrate showed low to non-detectable concentrations in both groundwater and surface water. With respect to groundwater, this could be related to the reducing conditions in the deeper aquifer in conjunction with relatively large groundwater travel times of up to 2400 years.     

Management of High Groundwater Level Aquifer in the Taipei Basin

Groundwater pumpings have been prohibited by the government since 1970 due to the overexploitation and severe land subsidence in the Taipei Basin. Declining water levels were gradually recovered back. Nowadays, high groundwater levels are developed in the Taipei Basin. This may cause safety problems such as seepage of underground facility, and liquefaction by the strong earthquake jeopardizing millions of people’s lives and properties in the metropolitan area of Taipei. To reduce the associated risks, the study aims to formulate a management strategy to rationally reduce the groundwater level declining trend and sustainable utilization of groundwater resources in the Taipei Basin. A hydrogeologic model of Taipei Basin using MODFLOW-96 was setup to evaluate water budget and safe yield of the aquifer. The simulated water budget indicates that the groundwater annual storage increases about 17 million cubic meters in the main (Jingmei) aquifer. The average groundwater safe yield of the Taipei Basin estimated by the Hill method is about 54 million cubic meters per year. Moreover, with consideration of the reduction of liquefaction risks the revised average safe yield is about 126 million cubic meters per year. To effectively use and manage groundwater resources, restriction order on the use of groundwater resources in the Taipei Basin need to be revised. The implementation of groundwater management index coupled with an upper limit of the average groundwater level set as −7.5 m below the surface for avoiding earthquake caused liquefaction is suggested to manage the groundwater level for safe-use of groundwater resources in the Taipei Basin.     

基于可持续发展理念下的地下水资源利用数量评价

地下水资源作为干旱、半干旱地区人类社会赖以生存的资源,是不可缺少的保障,但人们对资源保护意识淡漠,过度开采和不合理使用等诸多问题始终存在。本文依据区域性地下水利用统计资料及地下水利用主要量化评价公式,计算出地下水开发利用量的阈值参数,为可持续利用地下水这一珍贵资源提供客观评价的数量标准,对科学利用这一水资源提供了有益借鉴。     

Development and Evaluation of Hybrid Artificial Neural Network Architectures for Modeling Spatio-Temporal Groundwater Fluctuations in a Complex Aquifer System

Water Resources Management - The proper design, development, and appropriate tuning of the Hybrid Neural Network architecture, mainly for its parsimoniousity and optimal training can help...     

Evaluation of Groundwater Resources in Lower Cretaceous Aquifer System in Sinai

The Sinai Peninsula has an area of 61000 km² and its populationis about 325000. It is located in an arid area. Extensivedevelopment in the socio-economic, industrial and agriculturalis in process. Although Lower Cretaceous aquifer is the mostprospective aquifer in Sinai, it is not yet precisely evaluated.Spatially distributed areas of good groundwater quality suitablefor various types of development are not identified.The current article presents a comprehensive assessment of thehydrogeological information and hydrological data. Accordingly,three aquifer zones have been identified. Groundwater reserve wasestimated and groundwater balance has been developed. Developmentpotential was evaluated. Development criteria were proposed and applied.Suitable areas for domestic and irrigation purposes weredelineated. Results indicated that the aquifer contains 308 billion m³ ofgroundwater of which a considerable volume is of good quality. Bylowering the present water level some 200 meters, the aquiferyielded 3643 million m³, which is sufficient to supply thepresent rate of withdrawal for 445 years. The results are considered to be usefulfor preparing groundwater master plans in Sinai. Under the properwater management, Sinai could be self sufficient in satisfying itsdomestic water demand.