分布式能源余热锅炉省煤器管内流程型式分析

为进一步提高分布式能源余热锅炉省煤器受热面的吸热能力,在目前管外均采用螺旋开齿翅片管的情况下,分析省煤器受热面内部流程对优化传热性能的影响。依托某LM6000燃机余热锅炉项目,对单管屏省煤器的单流程、双流程及三流程型式进行分析对比,计算了管内流程变化引起的流速变化对高压和低压省煤器受热面积及传热性能的影响。同时,在供热机组低压省煤器一体化设计时,计算出低压省煤器在不同流量情况下,单管屏的三种流程型式汽水流通阻力的详细数据和变化趋势。得出了单管屏不同流程型式在分布式能源余热锅炉计算数据,为该结构的省煤器设计优化提供参考依据。     

基于热工参数的锅炉积灰结渣在线监测

针对燃煤电厂锅炉因受热面积灰结渣而造成机组安全性和经济性下降问题,进行受热面积灰结渣监测研究。基于广东某300 MW机组,运用热平衡和传热原理建立了一套燃煤电厂锅炉受热面积灰结渣的监测模型。模型运行前对监测模型进行敏感性分析。结果表明:在负荷、燃煤低位发热量、过量空气系数处于稳定时,模型能获得较好的监测效果。输入机组DCS系统的热工参数,计算锅炉各对流受热面的清洁因子,以监测对流受热面积灰结渣的严重程度。将监测结果结合实际运行要求,可在线得到合理的吹灰策略。     

基于APROS的联合循环机组余热锅炉仿真模型

针对某电厂开发仿真培训系统中余热锅炉子系统模型,根据余热锅炉的工作原理及特性,以质量、动量、能量守恒方程为基础,采用模块化建模的思路,建立了基于APROS的联合循环机组余热锅炉仿真模型。仿真实验表明:建立的模型能够正确的反映出余热锅炉汽水侧换热及流动特性,模型具有很高的静态精度及良好的现场适应性,能够满足实时仿真的需要,可作为联合循环机组仿真培训系统中重要的子系统,对于联合循环机组性能分析、运行优化、故障诊断等方面研究也有很大的帮助。     

双压无再热联合循环系统热力参数优化分析

文中针对燃气蒸汽联合循环中双压无再热汽水系统的热力参数对循环效率的影响,利用热平衡方程式通过Matlab计算软件建立了汽水系统的计算模型,基于PG9171E型燃气轮机,以底循环效率为目标函数,建立了余热锅炉的高压蒸汽温度上限,排汽湿度,高压蒸汽膨胀到低压蒸汽压力时与低压蒸汽的温差三个约束条件,对系统热力参数进行计算,得到热力参数对系统性能的影响曲线,通过进一步优化,最终得到汽轮机最佳的运行参数。     

基于神经网络的锅炉对流受热面灰污监测研究

采用多层前向型神经网络,对电站锅炉对流受热面的实时污染状况建立了监测模型。模型选取合适的参数组成输入向量,利用电站数据采集系统下载的实时机组数据,经规格化处理后对神经网络进行训练。结果表明,训练后的神经网络可以较准确地实现锅炉对流受热面的积灰状态的在线监测,为吹灰方案的最优化打下了良好的基础。     

燃煤电站锅炉对流受热面积灰在线监测的研究

针对在线监测电站锅炉对流受热面积灰的需要,建立了对流受热面的污染监测模型。以某300 MW机组的1 025 t/h锅炉为监测对象,开发了受热面积灰在线监测系统,成功实现了锅炉对流受热面污染的在线监测。     

锅炉排烟余热回收器的设计参数优化模型

在锅炉尾部烟道中加装余热回收器，可以降低排烟温度，进而降低煤耗率，该文以６７０ｔ／ｈ锅炉为例，通过对余热回收器１０个受热面积方案的换热计算，系统热力计算和技术经济指标计算，并以资金净现值最大为优化目标，得出了余热回收器的最优受热面积与负煤比价，运行寿命，机组年发电量之间的函数关系式。     

直流炉机组简化非线性动态模型

以某1000MW超超临界机组为例,基于机理分析并结合机组实际运行数据,通过分析制粉过程、锅炉受热系统、过热器系统和汽轮机的动态特性,建立了直流炉机组在大范围变工况运行下的简化三输入三输出非线性动态模型．该模型以燃料质量流量、总给水质量流量、汽轮机阀门开度为输入,以汽水分离器出口比焓、主蒸汽压力和汽轮机功率为输出．采用机组稳态运行数据确定模型的静态参数,利用负荷变化剧烈的数据辨识动态参数,对模型进行阶跃扰动实验,并与实际运行数据进行对比．结果表明：所建立的模型能够反映机组主要的动态特性和非线性特性,具有结构简单、参数求取容易、复现性好等优点．     

燃煤锅炉中过/再热器工质温差与积灰程度关联研究

为实现对燃煤锅炉无烟温测点的对流受热面积灰程度的监测,对锅炉对流受热面的传热特性及工质吸热特性进行热平衡机理分析,在热力学基础上,用相关性分析、回归分析和灰色关联分析方法对实际生产数据进行挖掘、分析,计算了对流受热面的出入口工质温差与清洁因子的灰色关联特性,建立了利用受热面进出口温差表征积灰程度的函数模型。结果表明:负荷稳定时,锅炉燃烧释放的热量也是一定的,对流受热面单位工质吸热量能反映该对流受热面的积灰程度;受热面温差与清洁因子具有极强的关联性,受热面进出口工质温差模型能很好地反映对流受热面的积灰程度。     

锅炉对流受热面灰污监测研究

为了提高电站锅炉对流受热面灰污监测的准确性,更好地进行吹灰优化,提出了基于最小二乘支持向量机的锅炉对流受热面灰污监测方法。以天津北疆电厂1 000 MW机组锅炉为例,建立监测模型,分析了模型建立过程中输入参数的选择、数据的采集与筛选、数据的预处理、核函数的选择等。结果表明:此模型监测结果与电厂的实际吹灰操作一致,能够较准确地实现电站锅炉受热面的灰污监测,为电厂进一步地吹灰优化打下了良好的基础。     

Transient thermal modelling of heat recovery steam generators in combined cycle power plants

Heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) is a major component of a combined cycle power plant (CCPP). This equipment is particularly subject to severe thermal stress especially during cold start‐up period. Hence, it is important to predict the operational parameters of HRSGs such as temperature of steam, water, hot gas and tube metal of heating elements as well as pressure change in drums during transient and steady‐state operation. These parameters may be used for estimating thermal and mechanical stresses which are important in HRSG design and operation. In this paper, the results of a developed thermal model for predicting the working conditions of HRSG elements during transient and steady‐state operations are reported. The model is capable of analysing arbitrary number of pressure levels and any number of elements such as superheater, evaporator, economizer, deaerator, desuperheater, reheater, as well as duct burners. To assess the correct performance of the developed model two kinds of data verification were performed. In the first kind of data verification, the program output was compared with the measured data collected from a cold start‐up of an HRSG at Tehran CCPP. The variations of gas, water/steam and metal temperatures at various sections of HRSG, and pressure in drums were among the studied parameters. Mean differences of about 3.8% for temperature and about 9.2% for pressure were observed in this data comparison. In the second kind of data verification, the steady‐state numerical output of the model was checked with the output of the well‐known commercial software. An average difference of about 1.5% was found between the two latter groups of data. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Thermodynamic analysis of an LNG fuelled combined cycle power plant with waste heat recovery and utilization system

This paper has proposed an improved liquefied natural gas (LNG) fuelled combined cycle power plant with a waste heat recovery and utilization system. The proposed combined cycle, which provides power outputs and thermal energy, consists of the gas/steam combined cycle, the subsystem utilizing the latent heat of spent steam from the steam turbine to vaporize LNG, the subsystem that recovers both the sensible heat and the latent heat of water vapour in the exhaust gas from the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) by installing a condensing heat exchanger, and the HRSG waste heat utilization subsystem. The conventional combined cycle and the proposed combined cycle are modelled, considering mass, energy and exergy balances for every component and both energy and exergy analyses are conducted. Parametric analyses are performed for the proposed combined cycle to evaluate the effects of several factors, such as the gas turbine inlet temperature (TIT), the condenser pressure, the pinch point temperature difference of the condensing heat exchanger and the fuel gas heating temperature on the performance of the proposed combined cycle through simulation calculations. The results show that the net electrical efficiency and the exergy efficiency of the proposed combined cycle can be increased by 1.6 and 2.84% than those of the conventional combined cycle, respectively. The heat recovery per kg of flue gas is equal to 86.27 kJ s^?1. One MW of electric power for operating sea water pumps can be saved. The net electrical efficiency and the heat recovery ratio increase as the condenser pressure decreases. The higher heat recovery from the HRSG exit flue gas is achieved at higher gas TIT and at lower pinch point temperature of the condensing heat exchanger. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

固体吸附式冷管循环工作过程的动态模拟与分析

针对余热驱动吸附式冷管单元(直径16mm,总长1020mm)制冷循环过程的变压吸/脱附特性,采用线性驱动力(LDF)模型,建立了动态的传热传质数学模型。对吸附式冷管的主要部件——吸附器和冷凝/蒸发器在加热解吸和冷却吸附不同阶段的工作过程,分别建立了耦合的动态方程。对所提出的模型进行分析和合理简化后,利用数值方法对模型进行了求解,获得了冷管单元吸附器、冷凝/蒸发器的循环工作参数的动态变化规律,计算结果与实验结果较好地吻合。为吸附式冷管单元及其组合式制冷系统进一步的优化设计和实用化的改进研究提供了重要参考。     

Exergy analysis of a cogeneration plant using coal gasification and solid oxide fuel cell

This paper presents exergy analysis of a conceptualized combined cogeneration plant that employs pressurized oxygen blown coal gasifier and high‐temperature, high‐pressure solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) in the topping cycle and a bottoming steam cogeneration cycle. Useful heat is supplied by the pass‐out steam from the steam turbine and also by the steam raised separately in an evaporator placed in the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG). Exergy analysis shows that major part of plant exergy destruction takes place in gasifier and SOFC while considerable losses are also attributed to gas cooler, combustion chamber and HRSG. Exergy losses are found to decrease with increasing pressure ratio across the gas turbine for all of these components except the gas cooler. The fuel cell operating temperature influences the performance of the equipment placed downstream of SOFC. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

余热锅炉仿真建模方法的探讨

作为燃气蒸汽联合循环系统中的重要设备，余热锅炉对整个系统的性能起到决定性作用。应用仿真技术进行余热锅炉系统性能研究是一项切实可行的方法，也是进行余热锅炉设计的重要辅助手段。列举了余热锅炉结构及热力特性，系统划分、建模方法、参数选取、二次建模等，并对建模及计算方面要注意的问题进行了详细的阐述。     

Thermodynamic analysis of a tri-generation system based on micro-gas turbine with a steam ejector refrigeration system

In the present work, performance of new configuration of Micro-gas turbine cogeneration and tri-generation systems, with a steam ejector refrigeration system and Heat recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) are studied. A micro-gas turbine cycle produces 200 KW power and exhaust gases of this micro-gas turbine are recovered in an HRSG. The main part of saturated steam in HRSG is used through a steam ejector refrigeration system to produce cooling in summer. In winter, this part of saturated steam is used to produce heating. In the first part of this paper, performance evaluation of this system with respect to Energy Utilization Factor (EUF), Fuel Energy Saving Ratio (FESR), thermal efficiency, pinch point temperature difference, net power to evaporator cooling load and power to heat ratio is carried out. It has been shown that by using the present cogeneration system, one can save fuel consumption from about 23% in summer up to 33% in winter in comparison with separate generation of heating, cooling and electricity.     

联合循环参数和系统结构优化研究

研究了如何提高余热锅炉型三压再热联合循环系统的效率,应用分析的方法建立了系统效率数学模型,以联合循环系统效率最高作为系统性能的评判标准。在亚临界范围内,对余热锅炉的蒸汽参数进行了优化;针对余热锅炉进气温度对余热锅炉性能的影响进行分析,在此基础上提出燃气轮机排气部分回热利用,并研究了回热利用对联合循环效率的影响。计算结果表明:经余热锅炉优化和排气部分回热利用,在基本负荷下,PG9351FA机组的联合循环热效率可提高1.33%;在75%和50%的负荷下,效率分别提高2.11%和4.17%;而具有再热的GT26机组热效率高达60.73%。     

9FA型燃气轮机联合循环性能研究

1引言西气东输工程促进了沿线燃气轮机联合循环电厂的建设,减轻了中东部地区的环境排放压力。燃气轮机联合循环发电系统高效低污染、启停迅速、调峰能力强。西气东输管道沿线有25台F级燃气轮机联合循环机组,其中GE公司9FA型燃气轮机联合循环发电机组13台。如何保证系统的稳定安     

Thermo‐Economic Analysis and Multiobjective Optimization of Dual Pressure Combined Cycle Power Plant with Supplementary Firing

The heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) and duct burner are parts of a combined cycle which have considerable effect on the steam generation. The effect of the gas turbine, duct burner and HRSG on power generation is investigated to reduce exergy destruction and power loss in the gas turbine. The results show that with an increase in duct burner flow rate, pressure loss in the recovery boiler increases, steam generation increases on the HP side while it decreases on the LP side. With a reduction in the HP pinch point, thermal recovery increases while the LP pinch point does not have a significant effect. Then, power loss due to pressure drop in the gas turbine and the electricity cost are considered as two objective functions for optimization. Finally, the sensitivity analysis on ambient temperature, compressor pressure ratio, fuel lower heating value, duct burner fuel rate, condenser pressure and main pressure are performed and results are reported. It is concluded that with an increment in compressor pressure ratio, the duct burner flow rate and consequently steam generation increases while electricity cost decrease.     

The effect of elevated inlet air temperature and relative humidity on cogeneration system

The effect of elevated inlet air temperature and relative humidity on a gas turbine (GT) cogeneration system performance was investigated. The analysis was carried out on a GT of a capacity 171 MW at ISO condition, which is integrated with a dual pressure heat recovery steam generator (HRSG), the cogeneration system had been tested under Kuwait summer climate conditions. A computational model was developed and solved using engineering equation solver professional package to investigate the performance of a dual pressure GT‐HRSG system. The suggested HRSG is capable of producing high‐pressure superheated steam at 150 bar and 510°C to operate a power generation steam turbine cycle, and a medium pressure saturated steam at 15 bar to run a thermal vapor compression (TVC) desalination system. In this research, the influence of elevated inlet air temperature and relative humidity on the energy assessment of the suggested cogeneration system was thoroughly investigated. Results indicated that operating GT under elevated values of inlet air temperatures is characterized by low values of net power and thermal efficiency. At elevated inlet air temperatures, increasing relative humidity has a small positive impact on GT cycle net power and thermal efficiency. Integrating the GT with HRSG to generate steam for power generation and process heat tends to increase energy utilization factor of the system at elevated inlet air temperatures. Increasing inlet air temperature plays a negative impact on power to heat ratio (PHR), while relative humidity has no effect on PHR. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.