建设国家稳定社会武警水电部队的双重职能与使命

自上世纪60年代以来,武警水电部队肩负“劳武结合、能工能战”的双重使命,承建或参建了大中型水电站30多座,装机容量300多万kW。从红水河畔到青藏高原,从三峡工地到西电东送骨干工程,到处都留下了武警水电部队的丰功伟绩;部队同时承担了维护社会稳定、处置突发事件和重大抢险救灾等光荣任务。为适应水电部队的新定位,部队坚持科学发展观,加强人才队伍建设;坚持科技强军思想,加强装备和信息化建设;依法上勤,科学组训,努力提高管理水平,不断拓展施工领域和市场空间,誓为国家作出新的更大的贡献。     

Sensitivity Analysis of a Physically Based Distributed Model

The objective of this study is to perform a sensitivity analysis of the SHETRAN model on the example of the torrential Lukovska River catchment in Serbia. The sensitivity analysis of the model was performed for the following parameters: the vertical saturated hydraulic conductivity of the subsurface soil, the horizontal saturated hydraulic conductivity in the saturated zone, the Strickler roughness coefficients for overland flow and for streams, the available water content in the soil and the erodibility coefficients due to rain and due to overland flow. It can be concluded that the water and sediment discharge are very sensitive to the values of the vertical saturated hydraulic conductivity of the subsurface soil in the range of 0.001 to 0.1 m/day; to the values of the horizontal saturated hydraulic conductivity in the saturated zone in the range of 0.01 to 5 m/day and to the values of the Strickler’s coefficients for overland flow and for rivers in the range of 0.1 to 100 m1/3s-1 and 15 to 40 m1/3s, respectively. The sediment concentrations in a flow and sediment discharge are very sensitive to the values of erodibility coefficient due to overland flow in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 mg/m2s and to the values of erodibility coefficient due to rain in the range between 0.1 and 40 J-1. The obtained results could be used to simplify the parameter calibration procedure and to facilitate estimation of parameters in ungauged mountainous basins of similar characteristics.     

水电施工企业设备管理问题及对策

不少企业在设备管理方面存在结构配置欠佳、成本意识淡化、维修保养薄弱等问题，导致投入产出偏低。加强设备管理既要重视设备的几个环节管理，又要健全制度，落实责任，抓好成本控制，实现保值增值，最大限度地提高设备使用效益。     

从龚嘴,铜街子两水库的泥沙淤积现状浅谈尽快兴建瀑布沟电站的必要性

本文从龚嘴、铜街子两水库泥沙淤积的现状出发,论述了修建瀑布沟水电站的必要性。对解救龚嘴、铜街子两水电站的泥沙淤积,使水库和电站能正常运行;减轻泥沙淤积对成昆铁路安全营运带来的威胁;减轻下游洪灾以及解决我省严重缺电等问题都具有积极的意义。尽快立项兴建瀑布沟水电站已刻不容缓。     

A REGIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF UNREGULATED STREAM FLOWS: SPATIAL RESOLUTION AND HIERARCHICAL FRAMEWORKS

River regulation has resulted in substantial losses in habitat connectivity, biodiversity and ecosystem services. River managers are faced with a growing need to protect the key aspects of the natural flow regime. A practical approach to providing environmental flow standards is to create a regional framework by classifying unregulated streams into groups of similar hydrologic properties, which represent natural flow regime targets. Because spatial resolution can influence the structure of regional datasets, it may be advantageous to relate datasets created at different scales in order to establish hierarchical structure and to understand how the relative importance of variables change with regard to scale. The purpose of this study was to classify unregulated streams within an eight‐state region into groups in order to provide environmental flow standards for managers and to relate that dataset to frameworks created at larger scales. Using USGS daily stream gauge information, we used 66 hydrologic statistics to classify 292 streams in groups of similar hydrologic properties. We isolated six flow classes in a sub‐region of the Southeastern US that ranged from extremely stable to highly variable to intermittent. We developed classification trees to reduce the number of hydrologic variables for future classifications. By comparing flow classes in our study to those of the entire US, we found that hierarchical structure did exist and that the divergence of flow classes will largely depend on the spatial resolution. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

如何提高水电部队财务管理效益

有效的增收节支,能够促进水电部队效益最大化.首先是根据水电部队经营战略发展需要,狠抓招投标工作,提高自营工程量;建立有效的激励机制,提高广大官兵积极性;积极进行税收筹划,实现整体收益的最大化;充分挖掘内部潜力, 加强部队经营管理.其次是依据水电部队管理制度,推行资金集中管理,降低资金使用成本;推进项目成本管理,节省目标成本支出;推行"政府采购"管理,降低采购成本;实施财务管理信息化,降低财务管理成本;推行两级机关非生产性开支包干管理,降低非生产性费用;推行特殊办公用品专用专有管理,杜绝行政用资产的滥用和流失.     

Flood Vulnerability to Climate Change through Hydrological Modeling

Abstract

Determination of flood vulnerability to climate change is one of the most critical issues for regional water management. Most of the previous studies related to system vulnerabilities to climate change were either a qualitative assessment without the support of hydrological modeling or too complex to apply them to real-world systems. In this study, a modeling and assessment system is proposed to tackle flood vulnerability to the climate change through the incorporation of future climate change scenarios, rainfall-runoff simulation, and vulnerability estimation within an integrated frame. The developed approach is applied to provide decision support for flood management of the Swift Current Creek watershed in Western Canada. The approach not only is useful to determine relative flood vulnerabilities to climate change for supporting flood control planning in the watershed, but also can be extended to estimate vulnerabilities of water quality and water supply to climate change.     

Conflict and Cooperation on International Rivers: The Case of the Colorado River on the US‐Mexico Border

This paper describes the work of the International Boundary and Water Commission, United States and Mexico (IBWC), to find cooperative solutions to issues pertaining to the Colorado River along the US-Mexico border. Since 1944, the IBWC has worked to resolve issues related to the distribution of the waters of the Colorado River between the United States and Mexico; salinity of waters delivered to Mexico; conveyance capacity of the Colorado River; and the conditions of the Colorado River Delta. The IBWC has emphasized binational cooperation to explore both short-term and long-term solutions to these issues.     

应用无限地基方法研究打桩振动对海堤的影响

海堤多建在软弱土地基上，在周围地区建设工程并打桩对海堤工程的安全性将有一定的影响。目前打桩动力分析是将原本无限的地基区域近似地取为有限区域界面来模拟，若能考虑地基的无限性，同时又采用较小的计算区域，一方面可以提高精度，另外计算量可大大降低，特别是对于动力分析时具有更重要的意义。采用阻尼溶剂抽取法来获得有限区域边界的刚度和阻尼，这样就可以采用较小计算区域模拟无限地基的方法来研究打桩对海堤的影响分析。此外，针对桩施工的特点，提出了阻尼溶剂抽取法的积分步长和激励频率。最后，给出了这种分析方法的一个工程计算实例。     

1855—1995年黄河下游山东河段河道冲淤厚度浅析

对山东黄河河道主槽、滩面冲淤情况计算分析表明，陶城铺以上河段１９３４－１９９５年在主槽淤积３．０－６．０ｍ，１８７５－１９９５年滩地淤积４．０－４．３ｍ；陶城铺－利津河段１８５５－１９９５年主槽淤积９．５－１４．３ｍ，１８７５－１９９５滩地淤积３．４－３．９ｍ；利津－渔洼河段１９６５－１９９５年主槽淤积１．３－３．０ｍ，１９６４－１９９５年滩地淤积０．３－０．７ｍ；渔洼以下河段１９７７－１９９５年     

Health risks of micropollutants - the need for a new approach.

Micropollutants in water provide a challenge to both science and society. The final consideration is to understand whether they are harmful to human health or to aquatic life and to determine what actions should be taken. The numbers of substances that are being identified requires a new approach to risk assessment and to solving the problem based on proper prioritisation of the needs for more targeted and multidisciplinary research delivering high quality data. The concept of threshold of toxicological concern has been applied to food and could usefully be applied to water. However, this approach also needs to be combined with practical and pragmatic assessments of the behaviour of substances in water and their removal by drinking water treatment. Such an approach provides a bridge from problem identification to problem solving.     

Managing rivers for fisheries and livelihoods: how can we do it better?

The growing attention being given to improving water productivity at the catchment level has given rise to increased interest in the contribution of aquatic ecosystems and in particular fisheries to reducing rural poverty and improving food security. There is growing recognition that these natural resources have an important role to play in pro-poor water management in many of the world's river basins, but that capacity to optimize these benefits is constrained by a lack of appropriate technologies and tools to do so. The present paper provides an overview of the current state of understanding of these issues and identifies a number of challenges to be addressed, namely the need to: (i) build wider understanding of the value of river fisheries; (ii) understand the water requirements for sustaining river fisheries; and (iii) develop governance arrangements that bring fisheries to the decision-making table. It concludes by distilling from recent reviews of river fisheries valuation, environmental flows, and governance, a set of specific directions that need to be taken in order to meet these challenges.     

Urban flood risk assessment using sewer flooding databases

Sustainable water management is a global challenge for the 21st century. One key aspect remains protection against urban flooding. The main objective is to ensure or maintain an adequate level of service for all inhabitants. However, level of service is still difficult to assess and the high-risk locations difficult to identify. In this article, we propose a methodology, which (i) allows water managers to measure the service provided by the urban drainage system with regard to protection against urban flooding; and (ii) helps stakeholders to determine effective strategies for improving the service provided. One key aspect of this work is to use a database of sewer flood event records to assess flood risk. Our methodology helps urban water managers to assess the risk of sewer flooding; this approach does not seek to predict flooding but rather to inform decision makers on the current level of risk and on actions which need to be taken to reduce the risk. This work is based on a comprehensive definition of risk, including territorial vulnerability and perceptions of urban water stakeholders. This paper presents the results and the methodological contributions from implementing the methodology on two case studies: the cities of Lyon and Mulhouse.     

水利施工企业安全生产管理探讨

通过实例探讨企业安全生产的管理模式和方法,研究水利施工企业如何在工程实施中落实"安全第一,预防为主"的方针,建立健全安全管理保证体系,重视企业内部安全文化建设,开展文明工地创建活动。     

加入WTO对我国水利科技工作的影响及对策

加入WTO后，对我国水利科技发展的影响主要表现在：研究开发活动、技术标准和知识产权保护方面，为适应WTO的各项规则，履行我国政府所作出的承诺，必须调整水利科技政策和发展战略，促进我国水利科技事业的健康发展。     

施工企业投标承包工程经营风险评价

运用模糊决策法确定风险等级,运用层次分析法（AHP）建立综合评价指标体系,并确定各评价指标的权重值,进行综合评判。从层次模糊法的基本特点出发,通过对不同专家组对风险的不同认识的综合及其程度模糊判定的量化的风险等级,研究层次模糊法在工程投标风险评价中的应用,并给出了应用实例。     

水资源保护公益诉讼制度构建问题及推进对策

当前建立水资源保护公益诉讼制度具有重要意义,但在现有法律体制下,构建水资源保护公益诉讼制度主要面临着诉讼主体不清、管辖困难、相关配套机制不健全等问题,为此,亟待完善起诉主体、管辖、诉讼证据等制度。为推动水资源保护公益诉讼制度建设,水利部门要进一步加强与司法机关的沟通协作,推动地方开展水资源保护公益诉讼实践,积极着手建立健全相关配套机制等。     

Habitat survey and classification of urban rivers

River surveys are undertaken for a variety of purposes including (i) to establish inventories of particular features and their changes, (ii) to collect data to underpin the classification of river types or to assess resources according to particular criteria, and (iii) to identify sites that have particular qualities or may require particular types of management. In this paper we describe a new reach‐scale survey technique, a range of synthetic indices, and a series of classifications specifically developed for application to urban rivers. The Urban River Survey (URS) is developed from the River Habitat Survey (RHS) which is applied routinely to UK rivers. A number of important differences between the URS and RHS allow the former to provide improved discrimination between urban river channels to support management decision‐making. Urban river stretches are identified for survey according to their engineering type (a combination of planform, cross‐sectional form and level of reinforcement). The URS is then applied to stretches of a single engineering type and incorporates recording of (i) additional variables to the RHS that are particularly relevant to urban channels (e.g. indicators of pollution); (ii) improved resolution in the recording of some variables in comparison with the RHS (e.g. habitat features); and (iii) separation of layers of information that relate to the engineered (e.g. artificially introduced materials) and more natural (e.g. bank materials and morphological features) channel properties so that the interaction between these properties can be identified. The URS is applied during two surveys of approximately 50 stretches of the River Tame, West Midlands, UK. The data are used to estimate a range of synthetic indices describing ‘Materials’, ‘Physical Habitat’ and ‘Vegetation’ attributes of urban river stretches. Cluster analysis is then applied to these indices to derive three classifications of urban river stretches. The similarity in classifications based on measurements from two different surveys indicates their robustness. Because the type of engineering applied to a stretch appears to have a significant influence on the class to which the stretch is allocated in each of the three classifications (with the strongest associations being apparent in the Materials classes and the weakest in the Vegetation classes), they can be used to explore the consequences of changed engineering, and the influence of scenarios of vegetation and water quality management can be additionally explored in relation to the Vegetation classification. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Contributing to the sustainable use of stormwater: the role of pervious pavements.

The city of Melbourne, Australia is experiencing a water crisis with potable water storage reservoirs at an all time low. With increasing urbanisation there is an ever increasing need to research and explore sustainable water management initiatives. There is potential to minimise the negative impacts of stormwater runoff and augment dwindling supplies of potable water through adoption of pervious paving technology. The traditional approach to stormwater management has focused on constructing drainage networks to carry stormwater away from developed areas as quickly as possible to avoid the risk of flooding. The main aim of this research project was to establish relationships between rainfall intensity, infiltration rate and pervious pavement runoff and to examine the improvement to stormwater quality after infiltrating through pervious pavements. This paper describes the laboratory experiment set-up to determine the infiltration patterns and stormwater quality improvement for simulated storms precipitating on pervious pavements. Next, the scaling-up of the experimental rig to a field-based trial is explained. Preliminary results from this work are presented to demonstrate the potential benefits of pervious pavements in the Australian landscape.     

当前混凝土高拱坝抗震研究中的几个问题

综述能对坝基、坝身与库水综合分析的简单实用方法,合理的高拱坝抗震安全评价准则,混凝土材料强度的动力特性,坝址河谷地震动的输入模型,抗震工程措施等高拱坝抗震研究中亟待解决的问题和难点.在分析高拱坝抗震研究最新进展的基础上,提出进一步完善用动力分析技术研究坝、水、地基综合系统的地震响应、更新抗震设防理念、建立不均匀地震动模型、加强抗震工程措施的有效性研究等建议.