乡镇供水工程水量分析研究探讨

为2020年全面建成小康社会,随着城镇化建设步伐的加快,乡镇面积不断扩大,集镇人口剧增,但供水设施的建设速度却远远滞后于经济发展和集镇建设的速度,且由于乡镇现有供水设施供水量小,日供水能力不足,供水普及率低,配水管水管网被破坏严重,供水设施已基本报废,自来水的供需矛盾日益突出,如不加以改善,将会严重制约乡镇社会经济的发展,严重影响人民群众的正常生产、生活秩序和身体健康。基于以上原因,建设乡镇供水工程,以满足乡镇日益增长的生活和工业用水需求,彻底解决乡镇的用水供需矛盾是十分必要的,也是十分迫切的。     

严格水质监测保证水库供水安全

南黄壁庄水库是重要水源地,严格控制污水排放,实行水质监测,提高用水效率,为河北省的城市生活、工业和农业等用水提供保障.     

美国供水系统的安全措施简介

“9·11”事件后 ,美国朝野上下纷纷讨论恐怖主义威胁供水的问题。就此综合分析了恐怖分子袭击供水系统的可能性和采用的手段 ,并介绍水厂各种反恐措施。     

关于确保城市供水安全的对策思考

保证城市供水安全，是关系到人民健康、社会稳定和经济发展的大事，需要建立符合我国国情的供水管理体制、水源储备体系、优化配置体系、水质监测体系、资金投入机制、公众参与机制、预警应急机制和政策法规体系。     

Use of a Multi-Objective Correlation Index to Analyze the Power Generation,Water Supply and Ecological Flow Mutual Feedback Relationship of a Reservoir

Hitherto, there has been insufficient work to quantify the degree of mutual feedback among the different objectives of multi-objective reservoir operation. The purpose of this study is to use a Multi-objective Correlation Index (MCI) to quantitatively analyze the complicated relationship of a multi-objective reservoir operation under changing inflow and water demands. First, an improved maximum probability density function method has been used to generate the adaptive ecological flow thresholds in long-term, wet-year, normal-year and dry-year inflow scenarios. Based on these ecological flow thresholds, a multi-objective reservoir optimal operation including the three objectives of power generation, water supply and ecology is constructed to research the tradeoff relationship among the objectives. Moreover, using the optimal solution set as determined by the Progressive Optimality Algorithm-Particle Swarm Optimization (POA-PSO) algorithm, the MCI is used to quantify the degree of the tradeoffs and their trends in responding to the changing conditions. The results show that the synergistic degree between the water supply and ecological objective decreases when the climatic condition changes from wet years to dry years, while the conflicting degree of power generation with respect to water supply or ecological objectives increases. Furthermore, the major degree of tradeoffs changes from the power generation-ecological flow objective pair to the power generation-water supply objective pair. In general, the MCI is able to quantify the extent and characteristics of the tradeoffs between different objectives. Hence, this index is useful for managers to make more informed and transparent decisions.

     

城乡供水一体化建设对解决农村饮水安全的启示

江西省德兴市城乡供水一体化建设取得了较好的成绩,较好的解决了部分乡镇和农村的饮水安全问题,得到了江西省水利厅的充分肯定,并在全省作为典型进行推广.作为解决当前农村饮水安全问题的有效办法,德兴市的经验以及对下一步解决当前农村饮水安全问题工作措施值得借鉴.     

灰色理论在水资源价值评价中的应用

水是基础性的自然资源和战略性的经济资源,它和其他自然资源一样,具有价值。由于水资源价值系统受自然因素、经济因素和社会因素等多因素的影响,是一个“灰色系统”,因此可以用灰色理论评价水资源的价值。介绍了灰色聚类分析的基本方法和确定水资源价值各影响因素权重的层次分析方法。以郑州市为例进行水资源价值计算,得出水资源价值为2．04元／m^3,验证了灰色理论在水资源价值评价中的适用性。     

灰色理论在区域水资源耗用量预测中的应用研究

针对对区域水资源可持续开发利用研究中的未来年份里区域耗水量的估计预测问题,借鉴灰色理论,建立了基于灰色理论的区域水资源耗水量预测模型,并通过奎屯市取水量的预测值与实际值的对比和误差分析,和利用数理统计检验中的后残差检验法检验,发现该预测模型较为实用、方便、较为准确且精确度高.证实灰色理论在区域水资源的耗水量的预测中是有...     

Optimization Approach to Designing Water Supply Systems in Non-Coastal Areas Suffering from Water Scarcity

This article presents a novel optimization approach to designing water supply systems in non-coastal areas with water scarcity. In such areas, high water demand caused by population increases and economic development can only be satisfied with seawater supply. Furthermore, most of the non-coastal users are located at long distances and sometimes at altitudes very diverse from the coastline, meaning long pipelines and several pumping stations will be required to effectively supply water. The proposed optimization approach based on a mixed integer nonlinear programming model offers optimal designs of water supply systems from an economic and technical perspective. It determines the location and size of desalination plants and the design of the water transport network including pipelines of specified length and diameter and pumping stations that minimize capital and operational costs of the whole system. A case study in a hyper-arid region of Chile was used to validate the applicability of the proposed model and the results show its aptitude for determining global optimal solutions to real-scale problems.     

Investigating the Financial Implications and Viability of Diversified Water Supply Systems in an Urban Water Supply Zone

Water Resources Management - Diversified water supply schemes can reduce both peak demand and overall demand in the urban water supply network. Consequently, they provide benefits to both the water...     

Selection of Urban Water Supply Systems For Upgrading

ABSTRACT

The Provincial Waterworks Authority of Thailand (PWA) is considering upgrading a number of their water supply schemes to improve the conditions of existing facilities and to maximize the system efficiency with minimum capital expenditures in order to postpone major investments.

The scope of the study was to review all water supply systems managed by PWA to ascertain the need for immediate action, the technical suitability and the cost effectiveness of upgrading and to set priorities among the systems proposed.

After preliminary screening, 39 systems were selected and ranked in accordance with established selection criteria. Specific recommendations were also given for future actions on the selected systems.     

城市自来水与中水系统综合规划的优化研究

面对我国许多城市用水量不断增加与原水资源短缺的现状 ,提出将中水系统纳入城市供水系统 ,统一规划 ,并提出了一套自来水与中水系统综合规划的优化方法 :根据统计回归原理 ,建立供水系统费用模型 ;按照年成本法 ,建立供水系统综合规划的优化模型。经仿真计算 ,获得了满意的结果。     

Optimization of Pump Scheduling Program in Water Supply Systems Using a Self-Adaptive NSGA-II; a Review of Theory to Real Application

The operation of pumps imposes significant costs on a water distribution system for energy supply and pumps maintenance. To derive an optimum pumps scheduling program, this study presents a multiobjective optimization problem with the objective functions of 1- energy cost and 2- the number of pump switches. The optimization of both objective functions together leads to a multiobjective constrained optimization problem. To solve the problem, the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm, version II, (NSGA-II) is coupled to the EPANET hydraulic simulation model. For constraint handling, some modifications are introduced to the standard NSGA-II to make it self-adaptive through which all constraints of the problem are automatically satisfied. Application of the model to a test example and a real pipe network verifies that the proposed scheme is computationally efficient and reliable. Also, optimization of the real pipe network reveals that by a careful pump scheduling program the total number of pump switches even in optimum operations could be decreased by 69% while the energy cost increases at most by 10%.     

基于优水优用的水库可供水量研究

以长江水库为研究对象,采用长系列法供需平衡分析计算进行了基于优水优用的水库可供水量分析.结果表明,考虑优水优用后,水库的可供水量在不影响现状功能的基础上可适当增加,不仅能实现水资源优化配置,也能适当缓解汛期下游防洪压力.     

西部某跨省供水工程泵站基础破坏机理分析及对策

在对泵站枢纽区气候条件、基本地质条件、水文地质结构调查和现场测试、工程检测工作的基础上,对泵站基础承压水的成因及补给条件、承压水的动力特征与影响、承压水的侵蚀性等进行了综合分析,进而论证了泵站基础破坏的机制,并提出了相应的对策及建议,以便为工程除险加固决策提供合理的依据。     

改进的 GM（1，1）模型在工业需水量预测中的应用

灰色系统模型在贫信息、小样本的非线性系统建模中具有明显优势,适合对时间序列较短时的需水量进行预测。该文针对基本灰色预测模型背景值构造不合理及未充分利用新信息的缺点,采用重构背景值和等维递补原理对基本GM（1,1）模型进行改进,并利用改进模型对惠州市工业需水量进行拟合和预测,结果表明,改进模型预测精度更高,可作为城市需水量预测的一种方法。     

灰色系统理论在水利中的应用及前景

水利系统是一个多层次、多因素、多功能和多目标组成的复杂系统，具有灰色特征。因而，灰色系统理论和方法在水利中得到了广泛的应用。本文对灰色系统理论在水利中的应用进行了系统的回顾，并对今后的应用和研究领域作了展望，以逐步形成水利分析方法体系。     

Methods of Assessment of Water Losses in Water Supply Systems: a Review

This paper reviews Water Loss Assessment methods in water supply systems. There’re three main methods: Minimum Night Flow (MNF) analysis, Bursts And Background Estimates (BABE), and Top-Down Water Balance. MNF analysis provides actual measurements whose accuracy can be evaluated. It requires intensive field work, though. The limitation of MNF application is the sensitivity of two parameters; average pressure which is rarely accurate, and estimation of the night consumption. Assessing real losses with the factors generated by the BABE model should not be conducted unless there is no other option due to its excessive assumptions. Instead, the method should be a supplementary tool to break down the volume of real losses into its sub-components. The Top-Down Water Balance is neither pressure-dependent nor extensive-field-work method. However, its assumptions of apparent losses aren’t appropriate for all utilities. The lack of an objective methodology for estimating unauthorized consumption is a major limitation, and research on its estimation is demanding.     

我国城镇供水水质安全面临的问题与保障对策

从生活饮用水水质安全的角度 ,评价了我国城镇供水水质安全的现状 ,分析了城镇供水水质安全所面临的各种挑战 ,探讨了影响水质安全的主要问题 ,并提出城镇供水水质安全保障对策和技术措施     

灰色模糊综合评价法在高层建筑给水方式选择中的应用

提出了高层建筑给水方式选择评价指标体系,利用层次分析法确定权重,并采用模糊综合评价法结合灰色系统理论的方法建立了评价模型.最后,通过计算得到高层建筑给水方式综合评判结论.