红脚艾和汤阴北艾精油的化学成分及抗菌活性

通过水蒸气蒸馏法（SD）和超临界流体萃取-分子蒸馏法（SFE-MD）从罗浮山红脚艾和汤阴北艾中提取精油,采用气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）检测精油化学成分,并测定其抗菌活性。结果表明,SD精油收率比SFE-MD高1.3~2.6倍。红脚艾精油主成分为β-石竹烯、龙脑、氧化石竹烯和大根香叶烯D等;北艾精油主成分为桉油精、松油烯-4-醇和十氢二甲基甲乙烯基萘酚等;北艾精油以单萜类物质为主,而红脚艾精油则含有更丰富的倍半萜类化合物;SFE-MD会导致部分单萜类物质的损失,如桉油精。艾叶精油对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色链珠菌有抑制及杀灭效果,且北艾精油＞红脚艾精油。     

红脚艾和汤阴北艾精油的化学成分及抗菌活性

通过水蒸气蒸馏(SD)法和超临界流体萃取-分子蒸馏(SFE-MD)法从红脚艾和汤阴北艾中提取精油,采用GC-MS检测精油化学成分,并测定其抗菌活性.结果表明,SD法提取精油收率比SFE-MD法高1.2～2.7倍.红脚艾精油主成分为β-石竹烯、龙脑、氧化石竹烯和大根香叶烯D等;北艾精油主成分为桉油精、松油烯-4-醇和十氢...     

玫瑰精油的提取工艺研究

玫瑰精油的提取工艺研究王耀庚（天津师范专科学校３００２０２）关键词：玫瑰精油，水蒸汽蒸馏法，制取工艺１．前言大约四千多年前，古埃及已开始具有调香技术。古埃及的香水是一种当地来源有限的天然成份的简单混合物。今天，现代香料加工具有高超的调香艺术和复杂的配...     

GC/MS分析新疆玫瑰精油化学成分

利用GC／MS仪器分析法，对新疆本地种植的玫瑰采用水蒸气蒸馏和溶剂提取法所得精油样品成分进行分析，分别测得17种组分和12种组分。     

GC/MS分析新疆玫瑰精油化学成分

利用GC/MS仪器分析法,对新疆本地种植的玫瑰采用水蒸气蒸馏法和溶剂提取法所得精油成分进行对比与分析,分别测得17种组分和12种组分。结果显示:两种精油成分差异较大;主体香气成分差异亦较大,水蒸气蒸馏法所得精油醇类化合物含量较高,溶剂提取法所得精油烯类化合物含量较高。     

精油的水蒸汽连续蒸馏

精油的水蒸汽连续蒸馏在先前的一篇文章中介绍过[1],鉴于行业内人士对这一课题广泛关注,所以我们在此进一步探讨这一工艺的细节、设备参数以及不同规模蒸馏车间的造价估计。这个工艺过程由一整套整体保温、使用过热蒸汽作为载体的气力输送系统组成,其安装布局的方式形成了气一团相对流流动。在输送物料时,提供了30秒的时间使精油能够进入蒸汽相并在过滤后随蒸汽排出系统,随着蒸汽的冷却,精油在一个重力分离器中从冷凝水中分离出来。水相再处理后送到锅炉,干燥下来的碎屑状物料喷入锅炉燃烧室燃烧发生蒸汽和发电,再用于系统。系统中…     

黄花蒿精油的提取及GC-MS分析

以黄花蒿花蕾为原料,采用水蒸气蒸馏提取法提取黄花蒿精油,提取率为2．898％。用气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）联用仪鉴定精油的化学成分．以峰面积归一化法测定各成分的含量,共鉴定出37个化合物,其中桉树脑（36．43％）、环异长叶烯（12．47％）、DL-樟脑（12．34%）、4-萜品醇（5．26％）、环庚-1．3,5-三烯（4．75％）等5种成分含量最高。约占鉴定出化学成分的71．25％。GC—MS方法稳定可靠,适用于中药挥发油的化学成分分析。     

不同产地烟草精油的提取及化学组成分析

选取四川、贵州和福建三地烟草为原料,用水中蒸馏法提取烟草精油。采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)仪对不同产地烟草精油的组成及含量进行分析,比较了不同产地对产物产率及组成的影响。研究结果表明:产自福建、四川和贵州的烟草平均得率分别为0.1391%、0.0851%和0.1075%,相应的新植二烯分别为39.86%、36.12%和44.88%。对比分析显示:产自福建的烟草得油率最高,特征香气适中;产自贵州的烟草精油得油率适中,烟草香气突出,有明显甘草香气;产自四川的烟草精油得油率较低,香气较弱。     

Extraction,Chemical Composition,and Antifungal Activity of Essential Oil of Bitter Almond

The essential oil from the powder residual of dried bitter almond, a novel and environmentally-friendly fungicide, was successfully extracted in a 0.7% yield by hydro-distillation under optimized conditions. The chemical composition of bitter almond essential oil (BAEO) was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Twenty-one different components representing 99.90% of the total essential oil were identified, of which benzaldehyde (62.52%), benzoic acid (14.80%), and hexadecane (3.97%) were the most abundant components. Furthermore, the in vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of BAEO against common plant pathogenic fungi were evaluated by the mycelium linear growth rate method and pot test, respectively. It was documented that 1 mg/mL of BAEO could variously inhibit all tested pathogenic fungi with the inhibition rates of 44.8%~100%. Among the tested 19 strains of fungi, the median effective concentration (EC₅₀) values of BAEO against Alternaria brassicae and Alternaria solani were only 50.2 and 103.2 μg/mL, respectively, which were higher than those of other fungi. The in vivo antifungal activity of BAEO against Gloeosporium orbiculare was much higher than Blumeria graminis. The protective efficacy for the former was up to 98.07% at 10 mg/mL and the treatment efficacy was 93.41% at 12 mg/mL. The above results indicated that BAEO has the great potential to be developed as a botanical and agricultural fungicide.     

盐析效应在水蒸气提取植物精油中作用分析

通过水蒸气汽提法提取罗汉松中精油,考察了六种常见无机盐对精油收率的影响,结果表明,氯化钠是水蒸气汽提中首选无机盐。并考察了氯化钠溶液的最佳浓度为4%。同时利用采用气质联用仪对加盐和不加盐下的精油成份进行了分析比对,发现两种情况下精油中的主要成份及含量基本一致。     

樟树精油的化学成分及生物活性研究进展

概述了樟树精油的主要化学成分,按樟树所含主要化学成分的不同,将樟树划分为芳樟型,樟脑型,油樟型,异樟型和龙脑型等5个化学类型,主要含有芳樟醇、樟脑、黄樟油素、橙花叔醇和龙脑等化含物。介绍了樟树精油的抑菌活性与应用,综述了其对细菌、真菌的抑制作用,并讨论了我国樟树育种、精油提取及精深加工等方面存在的问题,为樟树精油的进一步开发与利用提供参考。     

水蒸气蒸馏罗汉松精油工艺及有效成份分析

以杭州市区生长的罗汉松为原料,采用氯化钠盐析辅助水蒸气蒸馏方法对其精油进行提取,通过正交试验考察了影响精油提取率的三因素依次是超声频率、超声时间、氯化钠溶液的浓度,说明罗汉松植物组织的破碎是提高精油收率的重要因素。采用气质联用仪对精油成份进行了分析,得到24种主要化合物,与其它类的松柏精油化合物组成不尽相同。     

杉根精油分离及其化学成分测定

用干馏工艺扩试提取杉根精油,干馏釜3m3,干馏温度105～420℃,时间6.0h,产品得率为6.08%,是水蒸气蒸馏提取方法的3倍。产品相对密度(25℃)为0.9912～1.021,折射率nD20为1.4799,旋光度+0.5°。应用GC法对100～250℃的精油化学成分进行了分析,分出41个色谱峰,共鉴定出39个化合物,占该精油总质量的99.16%,其中主要成分为α-蒎烯3.8010%(质量分数,下同),d-柠檬烯2.8893%,β-松油烯7.1880%,长叶烯10.4162%,β-石竹烯4.2064%,α-木罗烯3.017%,β-松油醇2.876%,β-榄香烯4.5719%,柏木醇31.5087%,愈创木醇6.1426%,实验结果表明,精油化学成分及含量因树龄、树的部位、提取工艺不同,差异很大。     

Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oil of Kumquat (Fortunella crassifolia Swingle) Peel

The aim of this study was to determine the main constituents of the essential oil isolated from Fortunella crassifolia Swingle peel by hydro-distillation, and to test the efficacy of the essential oil on antimicrobial activity. Twenty-five components, representing 92.36% of the total oil, were identified by GC-MS analysis. The essential oil showed potent antimicrobial activity against both Gram-negative (E. coli and S. typhimurium) and Gram-positive (S. aureus, B. cereus, B. subtilis, L. bulgaricus, and B. laterosporus) bacteria, together with a remarkable antifungal activity against C. albicans. In a food model of beef extract, the essential oil was observed to possess an effective capacity to control the total counts of viable bacteria. Furthermore, the essential oil showed strongly detrimental effects on the growth and morphological structure of the tested bacteria. It was suggested that the essential oil from Fortunella crassifolia Swingle peel might be used as a natural food preservative against bacteria or fungus in the food industry.     

滇桂木莲精油的提取及GC-MS分析

研究木兰科植物滇桂木莲鲜叶精油化学成分,开发其在医药、香料和化妆品行业的用途。采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取滇桂木莲鲜叶精油,采用气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）联用技术分析精油成分。共检测出52种化合物,检出量达97%,其中约70%为高沸点状态下出峰。含量较高的五种物质为4-羟基-4-甲基-2-戊酮（8.50%）、反式-橙花叔醇（...