包覆型BN-AlN复合粉体研究

利用包覆法,首先通过将AlN粉体均匀分散到硼酸(H3BO3)和尿素(CO(NH2)2)的无水乙醇溶液中,制备出与硼酸和尿素均匀混合的AlN粉体.然后在氮气氛下,经过氮化处理来制备BN-AlN的复合粉体.DTA/TG分析显示,氮化反应从800 ℃开始,到1100 ℃时结束.XRD和TEM分析发现,复合粉体是由非晶态的BN均匀包覆AlN的复合颗粒组成.     

原位选择氮化法制备纳米t-ZrO2-TiN复合粉体

以含锆、钇、钛的化合物为起始原料,采用共沉淀法制备了组成均匀的纳米ZrO2(3Y)-TiO2复合粉体.用氨气为氮化剂,在一定的氮化条件下,进行原位选择氮化反应.对不同氮化温度、氮化时间合成的复合粉体用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)等方法进行了表征.研究了氮化温度、氮化时间对合成复合粉体性能的影响.结果表明在800℃～1 450℃氮化5 h,复合粉体中的TiO2氮化成为TiN,t-ZrO2未被氮化,从而制得1种氮化钛均匀分散于四方氧化锆中的纳米t-ZrO2-TiN复合粉体,复合粉体的粒径在纳米尺度范围.     

超声波辅助化学镀法制备CoAl_2O_4尖晶石粉体

采用超声波辅助化学镀法在室温条件下制备了Co/Al2O3复合粉体,1200℃下热处理1.5h获得了CoAl2O4尖晶石粉体。用扫描电镜、透射电镜和X射线衍射测定了粉体的微观形貌、成分和相组成;用差热分析法确定了粉体的尖晶石转变温度。结果表明:镀覆制备的Co/Al2O3复合粉体由金属钴和Al2O3两相组成,金属钴相包覆Al2O3相,Co包覆层在Al2O3颗粒表面分布均匀且结构较疏松;复合粉体的尖晶石转变温度为850℃左右;转变后获得的粉体也是一种复合粉体,由Al2O3和CoAl2O4两相组成,由粉体的生长机制可预见,它是以α-Al2O3为核心CoAl2O4尖晶石包覆在其表面的结构。     

原位聚合法制备纳米氧化铬-聚吡咯复合材料

用沉淀法制备了纳米氧化铬（Cr2O3）粉体，对纳米Cr2O3粉体进行表面改性，使其均匀分散到吡咯单体中，采用原位聚合法制备了纳米Cr2O3／聚吡咯（PPy）复合材料。对合成的材料用X射线衍射（XRD）、傅立叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）和透射电镜（TEM）等方法进行了表征。结果表明：PPy成功包覆在Cr203表面，形成了纳米Cr2O3／PPy复合材料。     

TiCp/W金属基复合材料的制备与性能研究

采用滴定法,在偏钨酸铵（AMT）饱和溶液与碳化钛（TiC）微粉和分散剂组成的悬浮液中,滴入无水乙醇获得AMT包覆碳化钛前驱体;然后对前驱体进行高纯氢还原制备出钨包覆TiC复合粉体,对复合粉体进行了XRD物相和SEM形貌分析。结果表明,当N,N-甲基甲酰胺(DMF)和聚乙二醇(PEG)作为TiC与AMT饱和溶液的分散剂,经600 ℃保温1 h和800 ℃保温30 min H2还原,得到分散良好的类球形复合粉体。采用放电等离子体烧结（SPS）技术制得块体样品,对其进行了SEM形貌分析,并测试了其相对密度和力学性能。结果表明,在1600 ℃,保温2 min,SPS烧结后, TiC在基体中分布均匀,TiCp/W复合材料的相对密度达到94.6%,抗弯强度达到739 MPa,显微硬度达到4.86GPa,断裂韧性达到7.87MPa?m1/2。     

铁包覆T-ZnOw复合粉体的制备及其性能研究

采用化学包覆法,以氨水为沉淀剂,在碱性体系中制备了Fe(OH)3包覆T-ZnOw复合粉体,在600℃下通氢气还原获得了Fe/T-ZnOw包覆复合粉体.用XRD,SEM和EDX对粉体进行表征,结果表明:复合粉体存在金属铁相和T-ZnOw相,T-ZnOw四针保持完整,表面包覆完整,铁颗粒为球形,颗粒细小均匀,并T-ZnOw表层外有部分散落铁颗粒,颗粒粒径约为3 μm.用VSM分析测定粉体的磁饱和强度和矫顽力,分别为32.10 emu/g和140.5 Oe.     

超音速火焰喷涂NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3复合涂层的抗氧化性能

采用喷雾造粒、化学冶金包覆和固相合金化技术制备了NiCoCrAlY/Al₂O₃复合粉体,并采用超音速火焰喷涂技术制备了NiCoCrAlY/Al₂O₃复合涂层。采用SEM、XRD和马弗炉对该涂层和粉体的显微结构和抗氧化性能进行了研究。结果表明,Al₂O₃颗粒表面均匀致密的包覆着一层NiCoCrAlY合金,NiCoCrAlY/Al₂O₃复合粉体呈球形,颗粒大小均匀。超音速火焰喷涂NiCoCrAlY/Al₂O₃复合涂层与基体结合良好,涂层孔隙率仅为（0.41±0.05）%。涂层抗氧化性能良好,氧化动力学曲线分为3个阶段：大斜率直线阶段,系数较小的抛物线阶段和斜率几乎为零的直线阶段。涂层在850 ℃氧化96 h以后,涂层氧化增重为2.5 mg·cm^-2左右。复合涂层中氧化物膜的形成和Al₂O₃硬质相的加入是涂层抗氧化性能提高的主要原因。     

熔盐法制备氧化锆-莫来石复合粉体

以锆英石为原料，采用熔盐合成法制备出了氧化锆-莫来石复合粉体。首先以锆英石和碳酸钠在900℃下煅烧3h制备出Na2ZrSiO5，然后将其与硫酸钠、硫酸铝在1000℃下保温3h制备出氧化锆．莫来石复合粉体。产物经X射线衍射（XRD），扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）检测，复合粉体中莫来石呈晶须状，直径50～100nm，长度2-5μm。ZrO2呈球状颗粒，直径50～100nm。以该方法制备氧化锆-莫来石复合粉体具有产物纯度高，合成温度低等特点。     

铝热还原氮化法制备TiN-Al2O3复合粉体

本文用Al作还原剂还原氮化TiO2制备了TiN—Al2O3复合粉体。通过对比不同温度下的含氮率和理论含氮率，可以判断反应进行的程度；通过XRD分析研究不同温度下的相变化；通过SEM、EDS分析观察晶粒的形貌和成分。研究结果发现，TiN在1100℃开始生成，1450℃TiN生成反应结束。SEM照片显示细小、不规则的TiN晶粒和多面体Al2O3晶粒相互交叉均匀分布，Al2O3晶粒尺寸10μm左右，TiN晶粒尺寸2μa左右。表明用此方法可以在比较低的温度下合成颗粒细小分散均匀的TiN-Al2O3复合粉体。     

电爆法制备石墨烯气溶胶用于石墨烯包覆铝复合粉体

提出了一种通过电爆法制备石墨烯气溶胶并将其用于石墨烯包覆铝复合粉体的新方法,在不破坏石墨烯本征特性的前提下,解决了石墨烯在金属复合粉体中分散不均匀、界面结合弱的问题。利用电爆法制备了一定浓度的石墨烯气溶胶,得到的石墨烯有2种结构：片状和凝胶状。石墨烯层数为5~8层,石墨烯气溶胶均匀分散在腔内。另外,在气流的作用下,通过搅拌将石墨烯气溶胶与球形铝粉颗粒混合,制备了石墨烯含量不同的石墨烯包覆铝复合粉体。当石墨烯气溶胶含量为1.5%（质量分数）时,石墨烯均匀分散在复合材料中,石墨烯片粘附包裹在金属颗粒上。最后,分析了石墨烯气溶胶原位混合形成石墨烯金属复合粉体的机理。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.