轿车半轴齿轮冷摆辗成形及三维有限元数值模拟

对轿车差速器半轴锥齿轮塑性成形进行了可行性分析,采用冷摆辗方法成形齿轮锻件.利用三维有限元软件DEFORM模拟其变形过程,在变形瞬间状态及力学量场可视化环境下,得到金属流动充填规律、应力应变状况及载荷分布等.模拟结果表明,当采用阶梯状的实心毛坯,摆角1.5°,转速25.13 rad·s-1,下模进给速度5 mm·s-1时,成形效果最好.用冷摆辗方法成形高精度轿车锥齿轮锻件的方法是可行的.     

螺旋锥齿轮摆辗成形凹模电极的设计与制造

螺旋锥齿轮摆辗成形凹模通常采用电火花加工,用于电火花加工的电极对于模具型腔的制造精度具有重要影响.对螺旋锥齿轮与工具电极尺寸传递规律进行研究,并在此基础上设计凹模工具电极.最后对设计的电极齿形进行加工和检测,为齿轮摆辗成形凹模电极设计制造提供了科学依据.     

直齿圆锥齿轮摆辗成形有限元分析

以某型轿车差速器行星齿轮为例，对直齿圆锥齿轮摆辗成形过程进行了有限元研究，获得和分析了直齿圆锥齿轮在摆辗成形过程中的应力-应变情况、金属流动规律、摆辗力能曲线等，揭示了直齿圆锥齿轮摆辗变形机理。进行了摆辗工艺试验研究，生产出了高尺寸精度和高表面质量的试样，表明了直齿圆锥齿轮摆辗工艺的合理可行性和有限元分析结果的精确性。     

起动齿轮端面齿形的冷摆辗成形

介绍了起动齿轮端面齿形冷摆辗成形。用摆动辗压成形法加工起动齿轮端面齿形,达到了节约原材料和加工工时、提高生产率的目的。另外,还研究了摆辗成形规律,并采用电测法和光塑性法证实了所选用的摆辗工艺参数的合理性。     

直齿锥齿轮毛坯形状摆辗成形三维数值模拟

利用三维有限元软件DEFORM-3D,在变形瞬间状态及力学量场可视化环境下,模拟了3种相同体积的毛坯形状成形时对填充质量的影响,得到了摆辗载荷-时间曲线以及成形过程的变形速度分布图.数值模拟分析结果表明:采用圆鼓毛坯时齿轮充填性良好;锥形毛坯中部局部"缺肉";圆柱毛坯的充填质量与锥形毛坯的充填质量相似,但稍好些.这对摆辗工艺的合理制订具有一定的理论意义.     

轿车齿轮精密成型的有限元模拟及齿形数字化修形

在三维有限元数值模拟软件DEFORM中模拟齿轮冷摆辗成形过程,得到成形过程的金属流动充填规律以及力学量场分布情况,并分析了模具在有预应力工况下,齿轮成形过程的模具受力弹性变形和齿轮出模后的弹性回复规律,绘制出模具弹性膨胀和锻件出模回弹后的齿形曲线。依据凹模的变形规律,在设计齿轮电极时进行预先补偿,从而保证摆辗齿轮的高精度。     

沙滩车差速轮的冷摆辗成形工艺

针对具有双螺旋齿面差速轮的形状特点,并结合冷摆辗成形工艺的特点,对冷摆辗成形工艺方案、预制坯的形状和尺寸、预制坯的成形工艺以及冷摆辗件的冷摆辗成形工艺等关键技术问题进行了研究;并对冷摆辗凹模芯的加工工艺作了介绍。试验结果表明,采用冷摆辗成形加工方法对差速轮的双螺旋齿形部分进行近净成形加工是高效而经济的。     

齿轮电火花加工中电极齿形和模具设计模块实现

齿轮精锻模具型腔通常采用电火花加工，用于电火花加工的电极对于模具型腔的制造精度具有重要影响。通过对圆柱齿轮精锻和圆锥齿轮冷摆辗精密成形工艺中工具电极的齿形设计进行了详细的研究，并基于Visual C＋＋和Pro／E平台上研制开发出齿轮精锻中的模具设计、电极加工模块，大幅度提高了工具电极的设计效率。     

汽车方向机联结环的冷摆辗成形加工技术研究

对于上、下两端具有矩形凸台的薄壁法兰型联结环,采用冷摆辗成形加工方法对其矩形凸台部分进行近净成形加工是高效而经济的.对坯件的尺寸确定、40Cr钢坯件的球化退火处理、在冷摆辗成形过程中坯件的定位等问题进行了分析研究;并对冷摆辗模具结构设计、主要模具零部件的材料选择及加工质量作了详细的讨论.     

7Cr7Mo2V2Si(LD)钢在冷摆辗模上的应用

1前言冷摆辗是当今世界上迅速发展起来的一种新型高精度、高效率的金属成型工艺。在国际上，瑞士、德国、日本等工业发达国家均采用该工艺生产轿车、摩托车、电器等有关零部件。我国在90年代也相继引进了具有国际先进水平的摆辗机，如瑞士SCHMID公司的T200、T400、T630冷成形摆辗机。我公司于1997年引进了瑞士SCHMID公司的T200和T630摆辗机各一台，用于直齿锥齿轮的冷摆辗成形，同时也开展了成形工艺的一系列研究。然而由于模具在冷摆辗过程中出现早期开裂，导致模具过早失效而成为冷摆辗工艺的制约因素。2选材针对冷摆辗成形的特点…     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。