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1.
Knowledge-related competitiveness and the roles of multinationals’ R&D in a peripheral European economy: Survey analysis of Greece 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Dimitris Manolopoulos Marina Papanastassiou Robert Pearce 《Management International Review》2007,47(5):661-682
Abstract and Key Results
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| • | The paper analyses survey evidence on foreign firms’ R&D in Greece, in the light of recently derived perceptions of decentralisation of knowledge-related activities in MNEs’ strategic programmes. |
| • | We investigate various aspects of MNEs’ knowledge-related competitiveness in an intermediate-level economy. We examine the nature, extent and influences of R&D positioning. We also test empirically the relationship between subsidiaries’ strategic motivations and the different roles allocated to R&D departments. |
| • | In the main, the results meet expectations for a middle-income peripheral European economy. Original development work is at significant levels. However, adaptation of existing technologies to local conditions is still the primary aim of R&D in MNE subsidiaries in Greece. There are clear signs of integration/interdependence of work in R&D labs with other parts of MNE networks. The survey evidence also confirms that subsidiaries’ roles are a decisive factor determining the type of overseas labs. |
2.
| • | Both scholars and practitioners have paid much attention to the impact of retaining top-performing knowledge workers on organizational effectiveness. |
| • | This study hypothesizes and analyzes how a bundle of high-commitment human resource practices (HCHRPs) influence affective organizational commitment, a strong predictor of employee turnover, of top performers versus ordinary employees. |
| • | This study suggests that HCHRPs may enable organizations to retain not only ordinary employees but also top performers through their positive impact on employees’ organizational commitment. |
| • | Using a sample of middle level managerial and R&D workers in 11 subsidiaries of a multinational conglomerate located in East Asia, this study showed that a bundle of high commitment human resource practices was positively related to the affective organizational commitment of top performers more than that of lower performers. |
3.
A new perspective on the regional and global strategies of multinational services firms 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Abstract and Key Results
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| • | We explore the differences in international strategy between multinational enterprises (MNEs) in services and manufacturing, especially in terms of their international diversification, as measured by their sales and asset dispersion. |
| • | Our longitudinal data show that the largest MNEs in services have a much stronger home-region orientation than manufacturing MNEs. Large MNEs in the services sector average 83.9 percent of their sales in their home region, which is significantly higher than large manufacturing firms at 65.6 percent. |
| • | We explore the possible reasons for the relative lack of globalization of services firms. The two main reasons are: the difficulty of adapting separately upstream activities and downstream activities in high distance host environments, and the difficulty of selecting activity locations as a function of supply side criteria. |
| • | We offer a refinement of regional strategy theory applicable to services MNEs. |
4.
Abstract and Key Results
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| • | Using a dataset of 139 R&D laboratories located in 21 countries, this study empirically tests whether a fit among R&D laboratory mission and national culture impacts R&D performance. |
| • | Specifically, we assume that some cultures possess a natural advantage when it comes to capability augmenting tasks, while other cultures are better suited to host capability exploiting tasks. |
| • | Where the mission of the laboratory is capability exploiting, our results support a positive effect of culture-mission alignment. However, no relationship between mission-culture alignment and performance can be found in case of capability augmenting laboratories. |
5.
Robert Pearce 《Management International Review》2009,49(1):81-94
| • | The processes of globalisation open up new potentials for MNE participation in the development of small economies. Thus the pursuit of global competitiveness by MNEs, operating through a range of strategic motivations, can be supported by different types of affiliates that can be based on the potentials of small economies. |
| • | Efficiency seeking operations of MNEs can benefit from cost-effective inputs of small economies (as, for example, in export processing zones) and activate their export potentials. |
| • | Knowledge seeking by MNEs can be generated interdependently with the creation of localised systems of innovation that support bases of sustainable development in small economies. |
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7.
Lei Li 《Management International Review》2008,48(1):39-64
Abstract and Key Results
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| • | This paper addresses production function and technical efficiency in the context of multinational enterprises (MNEs). It applies the stochastic frontier production function technique (SFPF) to investigating a sample of U.S. manufacturing MNEs and finds that an MNE normally encounters two phases of “liability of internationalization” in the course of international expansion. In addition, it shows that the firms with intensive investment in R&D and advertising development tend to alleviate or even avoid the “liability of internationalization” and enjoy a prolonged period of effective international expansion. |
| • | The relationship between multinationality and meta production frontier (as well as technical efficiency) exhibits an upward horizontal S-curved relationship. |
| • | R&D and advertising intensity (RDAI) positively affects the relationship between multinationality and meta production frontier (as well as technical efficiency). In the case of very high RDAI, the S-curve transforms itself into an upward monotonous curve. |
8.
Laszlo Tihanyi Robert E. Hoskisson Richard A. Johnson William P. Wan 《Management International Review》2009,49(4):409-431
| • | This paper shows that the role of managerial incentives is highlighted by a relatively complex relationship between technological competence and international diversification. By studying a sample of Standard & Poor’s 500 member firms, we explore the relationships between technological competence, managerial pay, and international diversification. |
| • | Results indicated a curvilinear relationship (an inverted U-shape) between technological competence and international diversification. |
| • | In line with agency theory, contingent pay (stock options and bonuses) was positively related to international diversification. |
| • | Beyond these direct effects, both contingent and non-contingent pay (cash compensation) moderated the relationship between technological competence and international diversification. |
9.
Understanding Decisions to Internationalize by Small and Medium-sized Firms Located in an Emerging Market 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
| • | We examined perceptions differentiating key Colombian decisionmakers in 168 SMEs who decided to either internationalize or remain domestic. An integrative model compares managerial perceptions of competitive, macro-environmental and neo-institutional factors. |
| • | Foreign MNEs in the home market significantly differentiated decisions to internationalize, as well as the presence of internationalizing domestic competitors, anticipated product acceptance, and internationalizing suppliers. |
| • | The lack of findings for some institutional and macro-environmental factors may reflect important contextual features of the Colombian business environment. |
10.
| • | Many variables have been studied, rather inconclusively, to determine behavioural differences of family firms and any impact on performance. This article focuses on just one under-researched variable: their international strategic choices or rather ‘configurations’. We compare 65 of the world’s top family firms with those of a matched sample of non-family firms. |
| • | Results suggest that family firms’ ‘international ‘configurations’ were just as worldwide and profitable as those pursued by non-family firms. In the case of such large companies, researchers must consider this international dimension alongside other more acknowledged variables, if they are to advance understanding in this important emerging new field. |
11.
Learning through international acquisitions: The process of knowledge acquisition in China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Abstract and Key Results
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| • | Research on the process of knowledge learning and absorption in acquisition context has emerged recently. Yet relatively less attention has been paid to the process of knowledge transfer and learning and its impact on successful acquisitions. |
| • | This paper adopts a process perspective’ to investigate this issue. Based on four international acquisitions in China, it generates new theoretical propositions as well as practical managerial implications. |
| • | Results reveal the types of knowledge acquired and how it is transferred and learnt to contribute to the success of international acquisitions. The knowledge acquisition and learning process in international context involve three stages: knowledge assessment, knowledge sharing and knowledge assimilation. |
| • | Foreign acquirers tend to acquire complementary knowledge from local targets, adopt dual management structure and facilitate communications with local personnel in order to achieve the success of acquisitions and future operations. |
12.
| • | This paper examines the conditions under which corporate social responsibility (CSR) is related to value creation in the multinational enterprise (MNE). |
| • | Following prior work by Burke and Logsdon (1996), we examine the relationship of centrality, appropriability, proactivity, visibility, and voluntarism to value creation. |
| • | The results of a survey of 111 MNEs in Mexico suggest that centrality, visibility, and voluntarism are related to value creation. |
13.
Abstract and Key Results
Both authors contributed equally to this article. 相似文献
| • | This paper develops a conceptual framework addressing the development and sharing of knowledge by Centres of Excellence and transnational teams, which are important organisational mechanisms used by headquarters to manage knowledge processes within multinational corporations. The inherent differences of Centres of Excellence and transnational teams are conceptualised in terms of pre-existing knowledge, practices, interaction and communication. |
| • | The inherent differences in the organisational mechanisms influence the amount of subsidiary participation and what factors that facilitate and hamper knowledge development and sharing respectively. |
14.
| – | This paper applies Penrose’s (1959) insights on the quantity of managerial services required for firm-level organic expansion to the analysis of entrepreneurial activities in MNEs. |
| – | We use these insights to build a framework relevant to entrepreneurial activities in MNEs, and then apply this framework to assess the metanational model (Doz/Santos/Williamson 2001) in terms of the quantity of managerial services required to implement it. |
| – | Penrose’s (1959) insights on firm-level growth processes are still relevant to the analysis of entrepreneurial activities in MNEs. |
| – | The quantity of managerial services required for the effective functioning of the metanational model appears to be particularly high, and the benefits of this model should therefore be carefully weighed against the potential costs. |
15.
Abstract and Key Results
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| • | This study examines the performance impacts of entry mode choice based on the perceptions of managers of a large sample of foreign MNEs in South Korea. Using an extended transaction costs model, an evaluation of performance relative to predicted entry mode is carried out. |
| • | We find that affiliate performance is a multidimensional and complex phenomenon, which may be properly explained by multiple factors, including the coordination and control of the affiliate by the MNE, that go beyond initial entry mode choices. |
| • | Foreign MNEs following the entry mode predicted by the extended transaction costs model showed poorer performance than non-followers in respect of non-financial performance. However, no significant differences were found for financial performance. The findings appear to reinforce a recent call to re-examine transaction costs theory and lend further support for incorporating additional potentially important determinants of affiliate performance. |
16.
Rethinking the paradigm of service internationalisation: Less resource-intensive market entry modes for information-intensive soft services 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
David A. Ball Valerie J. Lindsay Elizabeth L. Rose 《Management International Review》2008,48(4):413-431
Abstract and Key Results
相似文献
| • | The service sector is becoming increasingly important in the global economy; this is especially true for ‘soft’ services involved in providing information and knowledge-based solutions. It has been suggested that soft service firms are restricted to internationalising through market entry modes requiring substantial resource commitment, such as wholly owned subsidiaries and equity based joint ventures. We argue that this assessment is based on overly simplistic assumptions regarding the characteristics of these information-intensive soft service firms. |
| • | Focusing on the nature of the value-adding activities and operations of these firms, an information transformation model is proposed to describe the value creation process for information-intensive soft service firms. |
| • | Using the model to represent different types of internationalisation situations yields 10 lower-involvement approaches available to information-intensive soft service firms seeking to enter foreign markets. |
17.
| • | This paper discusses international market and operation strategies of service MNEs from small and open economies (SMOPECs). The focus in the analysis will be on the special challenges that these type of companies face in their internationalisation process. |
| • | A conceptual framework and propositions are developed based on earlier research of internationalisation of manufacturing companies and companies in different service sectors. A multicase study of four service MNEs, which are telecommunications operators (telcos), is used to illustrate and test the propositions. |
| • | International processes of the case companies deviate in many areas from those suggested by traditional theories, especially their market strategies. Several industry specific characteristics played an important part in this, as they further enhanced many challenges common to internationalising companies from smaller countries. |
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18.
Abstract and Key Results
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| • | A two-step modelling strategy is applied to a panel of 5,861 foreign-invested and 7,697 indigenous Chinese firms for the period 1998–2001 to investigate whether export spillovers may represent a mechanism underpinning Dunning’s Trade Development Path hypothesis. |
| • | Such spillovers are found, and the results emphasize the importance of a wide spectrum of spillover channels involving labour mobility, spatial agglomeration, technological imitation and the diffusion of exporting experience. |
| • | Multinational enterprises in China positively affect local Chinese firms’ exports through various spillover channels, and inward FDI brings significant, indirect spillovers. |
19.
Abstract and Key Results
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| • | This study discusses the underlying reasons for the variant nature of the relationship between multinationality and firm performance in the context of service firms. |
| • | To date, this line of research has mostly used evidence from manufacturing firms, despite the ever-increasing contribution of service firms to national and global economies. |
| • | We conduct an exploratory study using case analyses of large European retail banks. We argue that the nature of the multinationality-performance relationship for services is moderated by industry characteristics, market-based factors and firm-specific factors. |
| • | We conclude that the shape of the curve depicting the multinationality-performance relationship of retail banks experiences substantial variations on a single case level. |
| • | Our exploratory study of retail banks shows that the multinationality-performance relationship varies significantly depending on banks’ strategic decisions regarding branch network configurations, product portfolios, branding strategies, organizational architecture (HQ-subsidiary relationship), and social networks. Any generalization of the relationship is difficult and prone to error. |
20.
The importance of language in international knowledge transfer 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Abstract and Key Results
相似文献
| • | In this article, we examine the effects of language on the transfer of knowledge within multinational companies. We unbundle language from the culture box and use the basic communication model to show how language affects all stages. |
| • | We also examine a range of influences — cost, transfer medium, teams, networks, trust, staff movements and motivation — on international knowledge transfer to demonstrate how language effects their operation. |
| • | We develop the concept of language as a “reconfiguration agent” to explain its extensive, pervasive, on-going and system-altering characteristics. |