A 2-D velocity- and direction-selective sensor with BJT-basedsilicon retina and temporal zero-crossing detector

In this paper, a 2-D velocity- and direction-selective visual motion sensor with a bipolar junction transistor (BJT)-based silicon retina and temporal zero-crossing detector is proposed and implemented. In the proposed sensor, a token-based delay-and-correlate computational algorithm is adopted to detect the selected speed and direction of moving object images. Moreover, binary pulsed signals are used as correlative signals to increase the velocity and direction selectivities. Each basic detection cell in the sensor has a compact architecture, which consists of one BJT-based silicon retina cell, one current-input edge extractor, two delay paths, and four correlators. Using the proposed architecture, an experimental 32×32 visual motion sensor chip with a cell size of 100×100 μm² has been designed and fabricated by using 0.6-μm CMOS technology. The correct operations of the fabricated sensor chip have been verified through measurements. The measured ranges of selectively detected velocity and direction in the fabricated sensor chip are 56 mm/s-5 m/s and 0-360°, respectively. The complete sensor system consumes 20 mW at 5 V     

基片式多纵模拍频光纤激光位移传感器

提出并设计了一种基片式多纵模拍频光纤激光位移传感器,利用谐振腔中不同模式之间的拍频信号实现传感,可以监测物体微小位移。该传感器采用应变传感基片结构,有效对光纤进行保护,并能缓冲拉伸和压缩带来的形变,增加传感器灵敏度。同时在原有多纵模拍频光纤激光器的基础上进行了改进,使系统获得更高的信噪比。阐述了多纵模拍频传感器的测量原理,设计制作应变片并搭建实验平台。实验选取4个不同拍频信号作为传感信号,实验数据表明:在0~30 mm范围内,频率漂移基本呈线性变化,线性拟合度最高可以达到0.999 4,这与理论推导结果一致。由于拉伸平台的拉伸精度限制,该传感器的测量精度为110-3 mm。经过反复实验表明,该传感器具有良好的稳定性。     

局部放电超声波在电机定子中传播的仿真分析

采用超声传感器进行发电机定子局部放电点的定位研究中,存在着超声信号检测不明显或无法检测的问题.该文对发电机中有利于传感器接收超声信号的位置分布规律进行研究,通过ANSYS Multiphysics进行发电机定子模型声场仿真,获得超声信号在发电机定子外壁的声压分布图,从而提出了适用于发电机局部放电点定位的传感器放置方法,为电机定子绕组局部放电定位的后续研究奠定基础.通过将仿真结果与实验检测结果进行对比发现,仿真得到的声压分布与实验检测结果相近,从而证明了该文所得结论的有效性.     

光纤光栅传感器检测液体浓度

将光纤光栅传感技术与液体的声光效应相结合,实现对液体浓度的检测.由于液体浓度的变化,光声效应产生的声信号将发生变化,利用光纤光栅声传感技术识别声信号的变化情况,从而实现对液体浓度的检测.实验结果验证了该方法的可行性,该方法对液体浓度测量的灵敏度可达0.05%/mV.     

PVDF触滑觉传感器结构及其调理电路设计

应用聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)压电薄膜作为敏感材料,通过结构设计增加PVDF薄膜传感器的微振动信号响应,制作了新型触滑觉传感器。采用CA3140作为电荷放大器对PVDF压电薄膜传感器的电荷变化进行放大,再通过电压放大、工频陷波及低通滤波处理,调理分辨出直观的触觉信号和滑觉信号。测试结果通过示波器观察可明显分辨出触觉信号和滑觉信号。     

A pixel-level automatic calibration circuit scheme for capacitive fingerprint sensor LSIs

We propose a pixel-level automatic calibration circuit scheme that initializes a capacitive fingerprint sensor LSI to eliminate the influence of the surface condition, which is degraded by dirt during long-time use. The scheme consists of an automatic calibration circuit for each pixel and a calibration control circuit for the pixel array. The calibration is executed by adjusting variable capacitance in each pixel to make the sensor signals of all pixels the same. The calibration control circuit selects the pixels in parallel, and calibrates all pixels in a short time. The scheme was applied to a fingerprint sensor LSI using the 0.5-/spl mu/m CMOS process/sensor process, and clear fingerprint images were obtained even for a degraded surface condition. This confirms that the scheme is effective for capturing consistent clear images during long-time use.     

Extraction of respiratory and cardiovascular signals from vibrationsensitive mattress

It is shown that cardiovascular and respiratory activities can be detected using a single vibration sensor embedded in a mattress. A digital bandpass filter (BPF) has been constructed to process signals from the sensor to separate breathing and heartbeat related signals. In the time domain, short-time energy and pitch-wave signals are used to obtain the rates of cardiovascular and respiratory activities and identify sleep apnoea events     

基于最大优值系数法的光纤入侵信号识别系统

传感光缆,由于其抗电磁辐射、耐腐蚀等特点,现在广泛应用于周界安防系统。当周界附近发生入侵行为时,可以利用传感光缆获取入侵扰动信号。文中对每一帧入侵扰动信号进行时频分析,获取其特征向量,然后使用最大优值系数法对其进行分类。实验结果表明整个系统运作稳定,有着较高的识别率。     

一种可监测人体脉搏波及心率的健康鼠标

脉搏波的波形特征与心血管疾病密切相关,为此用户需要一种简单、实时的便携装置。通过安装在正常使用鼠标时大拇指触摸到的鼠标位置的反射式脉搏波光电传感器采集脉搏波信号,信号经过滤波、放大和A/D转换后,利用单片机对脉搏波信号处理并得出心率数据,最后通过USB接口连接电脑端软件显示。将鼠标和反射式光电传感器结合制成成品之后,经过实际测试,传感器能够很好的测得手指脉搏波并输出。这种可监测人体脉搏波及心率的健康鼠标可以在用户使用鼠标的不经意状态时检测并记录脉搏波及心率。     

基于源信号数目估计的欠定盲分离

该文利用欠定盲分离下稀疏源信号的特点,估计源信号的数目且恢复源信号。通常在用两步法来解决欠定盲分离时,首先利用K-均值算法对观测信号聚类估计出混叠矩阵,最后利用最短路径法来恢复源信号,但是在以往的算法中,第1步估计混叠矩阵时,通常假设源信号数目是已知的,从而进行K-均值聚类,而事实上源信号数目根本无法知道,因此对源信号数目的估计对两步法有很重要的影响。因此本文提出了一种新的两步法算法,其中第1步利用稀疏源信号反映在观测信号中的特征来准确地估计出稀疏源信号的数目,且能得到混叠矩阵,从而恢复源信号。最后的仿真结果,以及与通常的K-均值聚类算法对比的仿真结果说明了此算法的可行性和优异的性能。     

基于小波分析的迎角传感器信号预处理

针对基于四象限压力传感器阵列的迎角测量方法中,传感器信号受到干扰的问题,讨论了在其预处理中应用小波变换进行信号分离提取的方法.根据小波分解理论,对信号进行多尺度的小波变换,信号中频率不同的部分落在不同的尺度上,剔除反映干扰的小波变换尺度,提取出有用信息.结果表明,该方法可较好地提取信号的主要特征信息,有效的去除了确定性干扰和随机噪声,与传统的信号滤波方法相比较具有明显的优点,同时为后续的信号处理奠定了基础.     

变频技术在单容水箱液位控制系统的应用

本系统单容水箱液位控制采用森兰SB60,能根据需要调整其转速。经过简单液位传感器信号的转换,便可得到电压信号,转化的电压信号为0～5V,反馈给变频器的VR1端。变频器根据输入给定值和反馈的实际值,即根据液位传感器信号转换获得的反馈电压信号,利用PID控制自动调节,改变频率输出值来调节所控制的三相异步电机转速,达到调速的目的,变频器通过改变电机的转速来调节液位,从而实现控水箱的液位平稳。     

双重不变ESPRIT

ESPRIT利用了阵列在一个方向上的平移不变性,从而可估计信号的一个方向。该文利用3个相互位移的子阵列所具有的双重不变性质,从而估计出了信号的两个方向,并且计算量较小,两个方向角自然配对,对子阵列的内部结构也没有要求,因此可以选择适当的子阵列结构以获得良好的估计效果。     

Single Channel Blind Source Separation Under Deep Recurrent Neural Network

Wireless Personal Communications - In wireless sensor networks, the signals received by sensors are usually complex nonlinear single-channel mixed signals. In practical applications, it is...     

Development of a medical fiber-optic pH sensor based on opticalabsorption

A new fiber-optic pH sensor system has been developed. The sensor uses an absorbtive indicator compound with a long wave-length absorption peak near 625 nm; change in absorption over the pH range 6.8 to 7.8 is reasonably linear. The sensor is interrogated by a pulsed, red LED. Return light signal is split into short and long wave-length components with a dichroic mirror; the respective signals are detected by photodiodes, and their photocurrents are used to form a ratiometric output signal. In laboratory tests, the sensor system provided resolution of 0.01 pH, accuracy of +/- 0.01 pH, and response time of 30-40 s. Following gamma sterilization, laboratory sensor testing with heparinized human blood yielded excellent agreement (e.g., r = 0.992 for n = 42) with a clinical blood gas analyzer. Excellent sensor performance and low cost, solid-state instrumentation are hallmarks of this sensor-system design.     

Active GaAs sensor element for dynamic pressure measurements

A piezoelectric pressure sensor is presented which consists of a GaAs MESFET in which the transverse piezoelectric effect is used to charge the gate pad. The MESFET itself acts as an integrated charge amplifier. The sensor gives output signals which are comparable to those of a much bulkier commercial measurement system. The sensitivity achieved is 200 mV/bar in the range 0-20 bar     

Voltage Injection Method for Three-Phase Current Reconstruction in PWM Inverters Using a Single Sensor

This paper presents a voltage injection method for reconstructing phase currents from current signals measured on single current-shunt circuits with cost-effective and high-performance configurations in the pulsewidth modulation (PWM) inverters that are used for digital appliances. This method involves the injection of voltage signals at the carrier frequency for reconstructing the phase currents in PWM inverters using a single current sensor in the DC-link. It uses minimum signals to reduce the voltage and current harmonics caused by the injected signals. The vector of the injected voltage is at a minimum distance from the original reference to ensure the measurement time in the reconstruction of the phase currents. An injection sequence control method is also proposed to avoid an abrupt change in the injection signals. A PWM scheme for splitting phase voltages is proposed to reduce any audible noise, especially in low-speed operation. The proposed method reconstructs the phase currents with signals from a single current sensor and minimizes the amplitude of the injected signals to reduce the harmonics at audible noise frequencies in the injection signals. Experimental results showed the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Novel Optical Fiber Gas Sensor for On-line Measurement of Methane

Based on analysis of near infrared spectral absorption of methane,absorption type optical fiber methane gas sensor with high sensitivity using DFB LD as a source is demonstrated. Light source modulation harmonic measurement is presented in this paper. In order to eliminate the noise, the ratio of the fundamental and second-harmonic signals is used. The mathematical model of gas concentration harmonic measurement is built up.The detection result of methane concentration is also shown. Experiments have proved a sensitivity of 28×10~(-6).     

In-fiber Bragg-grating temperature sensor system for medicalapplications

A novel quasidistributed in-fiber Bragg grating (FBG) temperature sensor system has been developed for temperature proving in vivo in the human body for medical applications, e.g., hyperthermia treatment. This paper provides the operating principle of FBG temperature sensors and then the design of the sensor head. High-resolution detection of the wavelength-shifts induced by temperature changes are achieved using drift-compensated interferometric detection while the return signals from the FBG sensor array are demultiplexed with a simple monochromator which offers crosstalk-free wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM). A “strain-free” probe is designed by enclosing the FBG sensor array in a protection sleeve. A four FBG sensor system is demonstrated and the experimental results are in good agreement with those obtained by traditional electrical thermocouple sensors. A resolution of 0.1°C and an accuracy of ±0.2°C over a temperature range of 30-60°C have been achieved, which meet established medical requirements