膜生物反应器中膜污染机理的研究

在采用膜生物反应器（MBR）处理染料废水的过程中,通过对活性污泥进行终端过滤来反映膜污染机理,着重考察了膜过滤的形式、膜通量变化和膜污染的形成。污泥的终端过滤过程严格符合沉积过滤定律;膜通量随过滤时间呈指数衰减趋势,并在几分钟内就达到相对稳定值;扫描电镜照片也证实了膜污染主要是膜面沉积层引起的。     

膜生物反应器中影响膜透水率的几个因素

本文研究了影响膜 -好氧生物反应器中中空纤维膜透水率的几个因素 ,如组件长度、操作压力、膜面流速、活性污泥浓度和温度。中空纤维膜内 ,压力沿料液流动方向呈抛物线型分布 ,所以在膜内径和膜面流速一定的情况下 ,存在一个最佳的膜组件长度 Llin使得膜利用率最高 ,且最省能 ;操作压力对膜透水率的影响分为三个区域 ,各个区域膜的主要过滤阻力不同 ,不同污泥浓度时 ,为了使中空纤维膜内腔不堵塞 ,膜面流速必须高于某一范围 ,膜透水率随温度呈正比例关系变化。     

膜生物反应器中膜的清洗研究

对膜生物反应器处理柠檬酸酸洗废水中膜的清洗进行了研究，通过不同的清洗方法对膜通量的恢复程度进行评价。确定了反冲洗时间及反冲洗周期，经过试验研究与分析，在反冲洗的同时结合正洗的清洗方法，效果好于单纯的反冲洗方法；确定了化学清洗剂种类、清洗剂的用量以及化学清洗周期。采用物理清洗与化学清洗相结合的方法，清洗效果很好。保证了MBR的稳定运行。     

膜生物反应器膜污染的研究进展

从膜的结构性质、反应器操作条件、处理液微生物性质三个方面介绍了膜生物反应器膜污染机理研究的进展,总结了优化膜生物反应器设计、调节膜生物反应器操作条件、在线超声控制、化学方法等膜污染控制的常用方法,对未来膜污染研究进行了展望。     

膜生物反应器中膜的污染与清洗

通过不同清洗方法对膜通量恢复效果的评价以及对污染膜和各步清洗后对膜表面和断面形貌的观察，对膜生物反应器工艺中的膜污染特征和膜污染进行了研究。结果表明，清水冲洗能消除纤维膜之间淤积的污泥和膜表面松散的污染层，次氯酸钠可以清除膜表面的微生物和有机污染物，而硫酸和柠檬酸能清除膜上的无机物垢。在膜外表面的污染物主要为生物膜和凝胶层污染，而膜内表面的污染物主要为滋生的微生物和无机污染物。对应各步清洗后膜通量的恢复，可以推出，在试验的工艺条件下，无机物污染对膜过滤阻力的影响较大。在此基础上．为延缓膜污染对膜生物反应器提出三点建议．     

降低膜生物反应器中膜污染的研究

根据膜生物反应器中膜污染的几种类型,分析了膜污染形成的原因,介绍了几种描述膜污染的数学模型。从膜本身性质、料液性质到操作过程等总结了几种防止或降低膜污染的方法,提出了曝气生物滤池与膜过滤组合降低膜污染的工艺。     

膜生物反应器污水处理过程中膜生物污染的研究进展

本文论述了用于污水处理的膜生物反应器的膜污染及其影响因素，同时，重点分析了膜生物污染的形成机理、微生物粘附和繁殖生长，并讨论了膜的生物污染现象、形成过程、危害以及防治措施。     

膜生物反应器处理废水技术研究的进展

引用了40篇参考文献,综述了膜生物反应器处理生活污水及有机废水的特点,重点阐述了膜生物反应器中超滤膜污染的主要原因及相应的防治措施,并就膜生物反应器的研究现状,提出一些建议。     

膜生物反应器中膜污染行为及机理的探究

对MBR系统中膜沉积层控制的污染行为和机理进行了详尽的阐述,采用不同膜考察了浸没式MBR处理模拟焦化废水的膜污染发展过程,在不同操作模式(恒压、恒流条件)下探究了MBR系统膜污染机理.结果表明:沉积泥饼层控制的膜污染过程中,污泥的压缩性指数、膜特性及通量等是直接影响膜污染的重要因素.并可用考虑污泥压缩性指数及错流影响的模型预测沉积层控制的膜污染过程.     

膜生物反应器处理含油废水研究进展

膜生物反应器是将膜分离技术与生物处理工艺相结合而开发的新型系统,介绍了膜生物反应器处理含油废水的优势及研究现状,并对膜生物反应器在应用中存在的问题进行了探讨.     

Membrane fouling formation when treating effluent by ultrafiltration

The objective of this study is to investigate membrane fouling caused by ultrafiltration (UF) when reusing tertiary effluent in an industrial park. A bench-scale membrane system was performed. Experimental results showed that the removal of iron, manganese, and turbidity were 62%, 30%, and 77%, respectively. From the infrared ray analysis of membrane fouling, one can see that the organic functional groups were aromatic rings and a few linear chain compounds of chromophore and auxochrome found in dyestuff. Therefore, tertiary effluent may induce both colloidal and organic fouling into the UF system.     

Submerged Membrane Bioreactor for Vegetable Oil Wastewater Treatment

A bench‐scale submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) was employed to treat vegetable oil plant wastewater with complete sludge retention. Treatment performance and membrane fouling of the SMBR were investigated. The system stably removed high amounts of total organic carbon, oil, and ammonia from vegetable oil wastewater and reduced the chemical oxygen demand, demonstrating the great potential of the SMBR in removing pollutants. The membrane fouling layer was not only governed by deposition of organic substances composed of extracellular polymeric substances like proteins, polysaccharides etc., and oil substances but also by inorganic elements. Organic foulants coupled to inorganic precipitation enhanced the formation of a gel layer and triggered severe membrane fouling in the SMBR.     

Behavior of Membrane Scaling During Crossflow Filtration in the Anaerobic MBR System

Abstract

Fouling of membrane bioreactor (MBR) has been studied intensively. Because of the high concentration of carbonates, scaling can be a serious problem in anaerobic bioreactor, which attracts little attention. In this study, the wastewater was treated with an anaerobic process followed by either a submerged or a side‐stream aerobic membrane reactor. The wastewater was spiked with calcium to investigate the effect of scaling on membrane filtration. Very little scaling was detected in the external membrane system (the side‐stream MBR). Results from chemical cleaning of internal membrane system indicated that the flux decline caused by membrane scaling was far more severe than that by membrane fouling. However, the flux decline from membrane scaling can be effectively recovered by the chemical cleaning of EDTA and NaOCl.     

New configuration of a membrane bioreactor for effective control of membrane fouling and nutrients removal in wastewater treatment

Excess aeration to membrane surface is common for controlling membrane fouling in a submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR) system, but significant energy is consumed for excess air production. Therefore, an alternative strategy for membrane fouling control is currently needed. A new configuration of MBR was proposed in this study to control membrane fouling effectively. To reduce biosolids concentration near the membrane surface, the position of the membrane module in MBR was elevated from the bottom to the top in the reactor. This could divide the reactor to two different zones: upper and lower zone. Air was not supplied at the lower zone whereas aeration was given to the upper zone where the membrane filtration was carried out. Biosolids concentration was reduced in the upper zone because the mixed liquor was settled down to the lower zone. Membrane fouling could be lessened in the upper zone due to the reduced biosolids concentration. Therefore, to verify if this new configuration of MBR could mitigate membrane fouling, the effect of changing vertical position of the membrane module in MBR on membrane fouling was investigated. Prior to verification the effect of elevation of membrane module on membrane fouling, influence of MLSS concentration on membrane fouling was investigated first. Transmembrane pressure (TMP) increase became steep as MLSS concentration increased. And the immersed membrane module was elevated from the bottom to the top of the MBR. When the upper membrane was located in the bioreactor, less membrane fouling was observed. This could demonstrate a possibility of new MBR design to control membrane fouling. In addition, reduced dissolved oxygen level in the returned sludge to anoxic tank could increase denitrification efficiency if this configuration is directly applied to biological nutrient removal processes.     

The Effect of Pulsed Direct Current Field on the Membrane Flux of a New Style of Membrane Bioreactor

The effect of a pulsed direct current electric field on the membrane flux of an antifouling Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) designed and built in the laboratory was studied. The results showed that a pulsed direct current electric field had a significant effect on the membrane flux. The average membrane flux when using a pulse direct current electric field was between that of a steady electric field and that of no electric current under a trans‐membrane pressure drop of ΔP = 0.1 MPa and a pulsed direct current electric field strength of 20 V/cm. There was an optimum value of pulse intensity and pulse duration for the membrane flux. The shorter the pulse interval time was, the higher the frequency of power‐on, and the higher the average stable membrane flux of the MBR. This may have resulted from the fact that charged coarse particles and colloids account for 80 % of COD_cr and BOD₅ in urban domestic sewage. These particles and colloids moved away from the membrane surface at a certain electrical field strength, gradually thinning the particle sedimentary layer, reducing the membrane filtration resistance, and increasing the membrane flux significantly. However, the formation of a sedimentary layer on the membrane surface needed a significant amount of time and an appropriate pulse frequency while the MBR is powered on. This could save energy while keeping the membrane clean.     

Influence of Dissolved Organic Carbon and Suspension Viscosity on Membrane Fouling in Submerged Membrane Bioreactor

Abstract

This paper deals with the membrane fouling in membrane bioreactor (MBR). Based on the experimental data obtained in the MBR pilot plant study, the influence of F/M ratio on the irreversible and reversible fouling was discussed in the wide range of MLSS concentration. In the case of lower MLSS concentration (2,000–3,000 mg/L), irreversible fouling rate of membrane increased with increasing F/M ratio because of the accumulation of DOC in the mixed liquor. It seems that soluble microbial products with the similar size of the membrane pore will be most responsible for the irreversible fouling. In the case of higher MLSS concentration (8,000–12,000 mg/L), reversible fouling rate of membrane increased with increasing F/M ratio because of the increased suspension viscosity caused by the increased activated sludge size or volume even in the same MLSS concentration.     

MBR膜污染机理及其控制

本文论述了膜生物反应器中膜的污染机理及其控制。