Convergence properties of optimal adaptive carrier phase jitterpredictors for sinusoidal jitter

Carrier recovery systems in high performance digital modem receivers must remove carrier phase jitter as well as track carrier phase and frequency offsets. A popular approach to removing periodic phase jitter is to use an adaptive LMS FIR linear predictor with baud spaced taps to predict the jitter angle one baud in the future. Experimentally, the convergence rates for such predictors were found to depend heavily on the jitter frequency. It is well known in adaptive filter theory that the predictor convergence rate depends on the eigenvalues of the correlation matrix of the input signal. By allowing jitter predictors with a given number of taps to have tap spacings greater than one baud and by deriving a general formula for the eigenvalues of the appropriate correlation matrix, it is shown how to design predictors exhibiting optimal convergence rates over a range of commonly observed jitter frequencies     

Application of Passband Decision Feedback Equalization in Two-Dimensional Data Communication Systems

We describe and experimentally evaluate a receiver structure for two-dimensional data communication systems based on passband decision feedback equalization and data-directed carrier recovery. The forward and feedback tap coefficients and the demodulator's carrier phase angle are adjusted adaptively; the carrier recovery and demodulation operation, as in the case of a linear equalization receiver, can compensate for rather severe frequency offset and phase jitter. Experimental results are reported of simulations of the receiver on voiceband telephone channels.     

A New Carrier Recovery Technique for Vestigial-Sideband (VSB) Data Systems

In this concise paper we have developed a new carrier recovery system for vestigial sideband amplitude modulation (VSB-AM) data sets. Neither dc restoration nor extra bandwidth is required for the proposed system. A pilot tone is transmitted at the carrier frequency and the phase jitter is derived from the quadrature chnnnel. "Artificial" phase jitter which is introduced by the data signal can be eliminated by properly shaping the transmitted signal. We have also shown that even in the presence of channel distortion and white Gaussian noise, the proposed system can faithfully track up to 60-Hz phase jitter.     

Adaptive digital notch filter design on the unit circle for theremoval of powerline noise from biomedical signals

Investigates adaptive digital notch filters for the elimination of powerline noise from biomedical signals. Since the distribution of the frequency variation of the powerline noise may or may not be centered at 60 Hz. Three different adaptive digital notch filters are considered. For the first case, an adaptive FIR second-order digital notch filter is designed to track the center frequency variation. For the second case, the zeroes of an adaptive IIR second-order digital notch filter are fixed on the unit circle and the poles are adapted to find an optimum bandwidth to eliminate the noise to a pre-defined attenuation level. In the third case, both the poles and zeroes of the adaptive IIR second-order filter are adapted to track the center frequency variation within an optimum bandwidth. The adaptive process is considerably simplified by designing the notch filters by pole-zero placement on the unit circle using some suggested rules. A constrained least mean-squared algorithm is used for the adaptive process. To evaluate their performance, the three adaptive notch filters are applied to a powerline noise sample and to a noisy EEG as an illustration of a biomedical signal     

高速8-PSK的PFD载波恢复设计

设计一种基于8PSK调制方案的锁频锁相器载波恢复环路,该环路由通用载波同步鉴相算法结合PFD算法,实现了大频偏的捕获和获得较小的稳态相位抖动。提出针对MPSK调制方案的PFD的两种加窗方法,选择较优的方案进行了性能仿真。结果表明,该载波恢复方案具有捕获频偏大、稳态相差小、稳定性高的特点,是一种非常适合于卫星通信的高速8PSK调制的载波恢复方案。     

Mobile GPS carrier phase tracking using a novel intelligent dual‐loop receiver

Carrier phase information is necessary for accurate measurements in global positioning system (GPS) applications. This paper presents a novel intelligent GPS carrier tracking loop with variable‐bandwidth characteristics for fast acquisition and better tracking capability in the presence of dynamic environments. Our dual‐loop receiver is composed of a frequency‐locked loop‐assisted phase‐locked loop structure, the fuzzy controllers (FCs), and the ATAN discriminator functions. The soft‐computing FCs provide the time‐varying loop gains to perform accurate and reliable control of the dual‐loop paradigm. Once the phase dynamic errors become large under kinematic conditions, the fuzzy loop gains increase adaptively and achieve rapid acquisition. On the other hand, when the tracking errors approach zero in the steady state, the loop gains decrease and the corresponding dual‐loop receiver returns to a narrowband system. Four types of carrier phase signals, i.e. phase offset, decaying sinusoidal phase jitter, frequency offset, and frequency ramp offset, are considered to emulate realistic mobile circumstances. Simulation results show that our proposed receiver does achieve a superior performance over conventional tracking loops in terms of faster settling time and wider acquisition range while preventing the occurrence of cycle slips. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

适用于高阶QAM解调的载波恢复算法及其实现验证

高阶正交幅度调制（QAM）系统中,随着QAM信号阶数的提高,频偏和相偏对系统解调性能的影响越敏感,其对同步性能的要求也越来越高。因此,必须在接收端对系统中的频偏和相偏进行更精确的补偿,使得接收端与发送端的载波信号达到同频同相,来提高解调系统的性能。本文首先简单介绍了两种常用两种面向判决的载波相位恢复算法,并利用MATLAB／Simulink为该算法搭建了系统仿真模型进行分析,然后给出了具体的实现方法并对其性能进行了分析。仿真结果表明,面向判决的载波恢复算法实现简单,稳态时抖动较小,非常适用于高阶QAM解调系统。     

A low jitter, low spur multiphase phase-locked loop for an IR-UWB receiver

A low jitter,low spur multiphase phase-locked loop(PLL) for an impulse radio ultra-wideband(IR-UWB) receiver is presented.The PLL is based on a ring oscillator in order to simultaneously meet the jitter requirement, low power consumption and multiphase clock output.In this design,a noise and matching improved voltage-controlled oscillator(VCO) is devised to enhance the timing accuracy and phase noise performance of multiphase clocks.By good matching achieved in the charge pump and careful choice of the l...     

Iterative detection of turbo-coded offset QPSK in the presence of frequency and clock offsets and AWGN

The key contribution of this paper is to develop transmitter and receiver algorithms in discrete-time for turbo-coded offset QPSK signals. The procedure for simulating a clock offset between the transmitter and receiver is described. Due to the use of up-sampling, matched filtering and a differential correlation approach at the receiver, the time required for detecting the start of frame (SoF) is just around 500 symbols, which is also the length of the preamble. The initial estimate of the SoF and the frequency offset, obtained using the differential correlation approach, is improved using an iterative process. A novel two-step maximum likelihood (ML) frequency offset estimation is proposed, which significantly reduces the complexity over the conventional ML estimation. The decision-directed carrier and timing recovery algorithms use simple first-order IIR filters to track the carrier phase and clock slip. The proposed synchronization and detection techniques perform effectively at an SNR per bit close to 1.5?dB, in the presence of a frequency offset as large as 30% of the symbol-rate and a clock offset of 25?ppm (parts per million). It is shown via simulations that the performance loss with respect to the bare turbo code is only about 0.5?dB, for a preamble length of 500 and a BER of 10^?7. The proposed techniques are well suited for software implementation.     

Decimal frequency offset estimation in COFDM wireless communications

Timing jitter, frequency offset, carrier phase jitter and sampling clock frequency offset are the main synchronization errors encountered by OFDM systems. As many literature studies have proved, OFDM systems are very sensitive to frequency errors. In this paper, an improved method for decimal frequency offset estimation in time domain is proposed. In addition, lots of simulations have proved that when the decimal frequency offset in data streams approaches 0.5 of the subcarrier spacing, a wrong estimated frequency offset with inverse polarity will be presented, and therefore, a novel adjusting model to deal with this problem is also proposed in this paper. Simulation results show that the mean square error (MSE) can be significantly improved by over three orders of magnitude at high SNR with the proposed method compared with the conventional method. The corresponding field programmable gate array (FPGA) circuit through test in HDTV prototype in Team of Engineering Expert Group (TEEG) proves its feasibility and availability.     

一种改进的QAM载波恢复方法

文中提出了一种新的QAM载波恢复环路结构。在此结构中频率检测和相位检测同时进行,在鉴相阶段引入了改进的加权直接判决（MWDD）算法。经仿真实验验证此方法提高了整个载波恢复环路的捕获速度,并使载波环路的相位抖动有所减小,16-QAM载波环路最大可以捕获11%符号率的频偏。     

Applications of New Fuzzy Inference-Based Tracking Loops for Kinematic GPS Receiver

Carrier phase measurement is essential for high-accuracy measurement in kinematic global positioning system (GPS) applications. For GPS receiver design, a narrow noise bandwidth is desired to decrease phase jitter due to thermal noise. However, this bandwidth will deteriorate the capability of the tracking loop and result in cycle slipping. Based on bandwidth adjustment criteria, a novel intelligent GPS receiver is proposed for solving the carrier phase tracking problem in the presence of high dynamic environments. A phase error estimator is developed in the carrier loop to conduct the phase error signals; i.e., frequency and frequency ramp errors. Two kinds of fuzzy inference (FI)-based approaches, fuzzy logic control and adaptive neuro-fuzzy control methods, that are simple and have easy realization properties are designed to perform rapid and accurate control of the digital frequency phase-locked loop (FPLL). A new design procedure for kinematic GPS receiver development is also presented. The computer results show that the FI-based receivers achieve faster settling time and wider pull-in range than the conventional tracking loops while also preventing the occurrence of cycle slips.     

卫星入路由通信的定时和载波同步算法

在卫星通信中,需要快速、高效地对接收信号的位定时和载波初始相位信息进行估计.针对MC-S-ALOHA卫星入路由信号的特点,给出了一种基于前导序列的定时同步和载波同步算法,该算法仅需要一个训练符号,既用于定时恢复,也用于载波频率捕获,额外开销量小,因此,该算法适合于突发模式的MC-S-ALOHA网络传输系统.仿真结果表明,该算法也能快速地实现定时和频率捕获,捕获的频率范围较宽, 而且实现结构简单.     

Performance Optimization of High Order QAM in Presence of Phase Noise and AWGN: Application to a Decision Directed Frequency Synchronization System

The paper presents an analysis of the impact of Local Oscillators (LO) phase noise on the performance of digital transmission systems. Using an efficient phase noise model, we study degradations induced by phase noise and Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) on a carrier recovery system combined to high order Quadrature Amplitude Modulations (QAM). Simulation results show that an optimum trade-off between AWGN and phase noise robustness for the loop bandwidth can be determined. In order to compare simulated and analytical performance, a new general expression of the bit error probability is developped for square QAM in the presence of phase noise over Gaussian channel. Furthermore, novel decision areas related to Quadrature Amplitude Modulations are determined in order to improve the performance of the carrier recovery algorithm in the presence of phase noise and frequency offset.     

Multistage adaptive filters for in-phase processing ofline-frequency signals

The authors describe two adaptive multistage digital filters for 50/60-Hz line-frequency signal processing in zero-crossing detectors and synchronous power systems. These filters combine a median filter with adaptive predictors, either finite-impulse response (FIR)- or infinite-impulse response (IIR)-based, thus making it possible to extract the sinusoidal signals from noise and strong disturbances without phase shifting the primary frequency signal. The median filter is used as a prefilter because it can remove deep commutation notches from the waveform. Adaptation allows the filters to track the exact instantaneous line frequency and avoids the selectivity problem encountered with a fixed filter     

Frequency Offset Estimation of Satellite-Based AIS Signals Based on Interpolated FFT

Aimed at addressing the problem of carrier synchronization for satellite-based Automatic Identification System (AIS) signals, a novel data-aided carrier frequency offset estimation method in the intermediate frequency is proposed in this paper. AIS signals use Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) for transmission, and a nonlinearity of the GMSK signal is shown to be a sine wave with frequency related to the carrier frequency offset. Based on that, this method constructs an auxiliary function with the available symbols to avoid the influence of the modulated phase information, and it estimates the frequency offset due to Doppler shift with a new interpolated FFT method. Moreover, this method performs better when the signals are filtered by band pass filter even through the bandwidth is as low as the 1/3 nominal bandwidth. Computer simulations are used to assess the synchronizer performance on AWGN channels.     

高阶QAM信号多状态自适应卡尔曼滤波载波同步算法

通信信号盲载波恢复是非协作模式下接收方解调的关键环节之一。为提高频偏捕获范围与速度,同时有效增强算法跟踪时变频偏能力,本文针对正交幅度调制(QAM)信号,通过理论推导得出滤波器环路带宽的变化特性,提出一种基于自适应判决引导扩展卡尔曼滤波的载波同步算法。该算法在现有卡尔曼滤波载波同步算法的基础上,引入多状态自适应切换机制自适应地改变滤波器参数,并依据实验测试数据分析得出调整原则并完成滤波器参数的选取。理论分析和仿真表明,与已有的卡尔曼载波同步算法及二阶数字锁相环算法相比,该算法不仅捕获速度更快范围更大,且能在存在时变多普勒频移的情况下较好地跟踪时变频偏和相位,在大频偏条件下的算法跟踪性能与鲁棒性等方面均有优势。      

大多普勒频偏SOQPSK信号FFT引导COSTAS环载波跟踪技术

SOQPSK信号包络恒定、相位连续,拥有很高的功率、频谱效率,在卫星通信、深空通信、航空遥测等系统中具有广泛的应用前景.为保证SOQPSK信号能够适应上述系统较大的载波多普勒平移,本文提出一种FFT引导COSTAS环的SOQPSK信号载波跟踪技术.算法首先利用FFT粗略估计多普勒频率,将载波频偏牵引至较小的误差范围,再利用改进的COSTAS环跟踪载波残差及相位误差,进而实现了对大频偏SOQPSK信号载波的稳态跟踪.仿真结果表明,本文所提算法不仅能够跟踪大频偏载波,而且在小频偏时性能亦优于传统方法.     

Low-jitter digital timing recovery techniques for CAP-based VDSL applications

In this paper, a digital timing recovery technique for carrierless amplitude and phase modulation (CAP)-based very-high-speed digital subscriber line (VDSL) applications is presented. A digital spectral line method is proposed for the timing tone extraction. It avoids the bandwidth expansion normally caused by the nonlinear property of the timing tone extraction block, and lowers the required sampling clock frequency. Also, an adaptive loop gain control scheme is proposed to reduce the timing jitter, simultaneously achieving both fast locking and low steady-state jitter. A prototype timing recovery circuit in a 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS technology achieves 12.02-ps and 86-ps rms and peak-to-peak jitter, respectively, at 40-MHz operation. This is equivalent to about 0.1% of the symbol rate, and suitable for VDSL applications. The prototype IC consumes about 55 mW with a 3.0-V power supply.