智能式微机调速器特性试验装置研究

介绍了以ＳＴＤ工控机和３８６－ＰＣ机构成的水轮机组微机调速器综合试验装置．该装置可完成电液转换器静特性、水轮机调节系统静特性及动特性的试验和试验结果分析．实用表明，装置能满足微机调速器性能测试的要求．     

Multiple Input Governor Control for a Diesel Generating Set

The paper presents a multiple-input single-output fuzzy logic governor algorithm that can be used to improve the transient response of a diesel generating set, when supplying an islanded load. The proposed governor uses the traditional speed input in addition to voltage and power factor to modify the fueling requirements during various load disturbances. The use of fuzzy logic control allows the use of proportional–integral–derivative (PID) type structures that can provide variable gain strategies to account for nonlinearities in the system. Fuzzy logic also provides a means of processing other input information by linguistic reasoning and a logical control output to aid the governor action during transient disturbance. The test results were obtained using a 50 kVA naturally aspirated diesel generator testing facility. Both real and reactive load tests were conducted. The complex load test results demonstrate that, by using additional inputs to the governor algorithm, enhanced generator transient speed recovery response can be obtained.      

Experience with AC hipot and partial discharge tests forcommissioning generating station cables and switchgear

Test equipment is described which is suitable for AC hipot and partial discharge testing of 5 and 15 kV shielded cables of lengths up to about 600 m. The equipment can be used to test 5 and 15 kV metal-clad switchgear. Ontario Hydro's experience at two nuclear generating stations using this AC test equipment is presented. The equipment can be used to assure the integrity of cable systems (less than 600 m long) already in service. The reasons for switching to AC testing of cable systems are outlined. Practical experience shows that the partial-discharge test is very effective in identifying installation problems in cables and switchgear. A number of problems are identified with the AC tests that a DC test would have missed     

双PID水轮机调速器的研究

针对PID水轮机调速器存在的问题，提出在机械压随动系统前再引入一PID控制的新系统结构，以改善其静态特性，并用MATLAB进行仿真验证。结果表明：此种结构对调速器的性能有极大改善。     

Multivariable adaptive control for a thermal generator

A digital control system using the optimal control has been developed for a thermal power generator. In order to increase the generator control performance for improving the power system stability, this system supplies the excitation system directly with control signals and provides the governor system with control signals and supplemental control signals for a conventional governor. The system utilizes adaptive control for changes in generator nonlinear characteristics, as well as in power system characteristics. The principles and application of this system are described and results of simulation tests using a 1000 MVA thermal power plant model on a high-reliability AC/DC electric power system simulator are presented. The results verify the performance of this system, as well as the applicability of the system to actual plants     

Design of an optimal robust governor for hydraulic turbinegenerating units

Design and analysis of a hydraulic turbine generator governor using optimal robust control methodology are presented. The approach is unique in the sense that the nonlinear characteristics of the turbine are first modelled as multiplicative uncertainties; and an optimal robust governor is designed by taking into account such uncertainties explicitly. The advantage of this approach is that the designed governor will guarantee the stability and the performance of the speed control loop for the entire turbine operating range. The performance of the new governor is shown to be superior to that of the conventional PID controller during large load disturbances. The resulting governor is only a third order. Hence, it has the same level of complexity as any other electrical-hydraulic governor in use today     

柴油机飞锤式离心调速器动态特性的研究

本文按自动控制原理,建立起由四个环节组成框图的数学模型。通过对RSV 型调速器配2100柴油发电机组的计算结果与实测值对比,两者基本一致,说明此数学模型精度较高。文中应用此模型研究了调速器的几个主要参数对动态特性的影响,为设计调速系统提供了有用的依据。     

基于模糊小脑模型的水轮机调速控制

水轮机调速器是控制水轮机输出机械功率的关键设备．是水轮发电机组控制的重要内容。针对非线性复杂时变水轮机调速器．研究了一种模糊小脑模型关节控制器,该智能控制器是一种模糊逻辑与小脑模型关节控制器的结合,集中了二者的优点和长处。分析了该控制器的结构、具体实现以及学习优化。仿真实验表明该智能控制器的实际效果良好。     

电控发动机全程调速模块的研制

研制和开发了一种针对电控发动机转速控制的全程调速模块,可实现车用电控发动机行驶与恒速两类工况的切换,台架试验、装车试验均表明:全程调速模块性能良好,稳定性高,特别适合将普通车辆改装为"开车行驶,驻车工作"两用车的要求。     

A digital governor for hydrogenerators

The authors describe the development and testing of a microcomputer-based digital governor for hydrogenerators. The digital governor was shown to approximate the control function of existing analog controllers. This task was performed as a first step to future work intended to utilize the versatility of microcomputers in effecting more sophisticated control algorithms to improve hydrosystem operation     

An advanced electronic load governor for control of microhydroelectric generation

This paper describes the original research and development of an electronic load governor which is microprocessor-based and incorporates three-phase balancing. The combined study and testing of the transient behaviour of the governor indicated the need for an improved control algorithm. The results of the implementation of the advanced algorithm in the control of micro hydroelectric power generation are presented and compared with the original algorithm     

基于马尔科夫模型的船用柴油机电子调速器可靠性分析

应用马尔科夫模型对柴油机电子调速器可靠性进行了系统分析。采用失效模式以及影响性分析(FMEA)进行整个系统部件级失效模式与影响分析,提出了柴油机电子调速器失效的分类方法,针对在线诊断技术和调速系统的维修特性,引入系统维修率,对调速器的可靠性进行更加全面有效的分析,得到电子调速器时变失效概率。分析结果表明:马尔科夫模型可以应用于柴油机电子调速器可靠性分析,并指导系统设计。     

联合调节器检修过程数据采集与分析系统设计

介绍了联合调节器检测装置中检修过程数据采集的基本原理,较详细地论述了系统的设计、结构及其主要功能特点。对检修过程、检修数据、检修质量的计算机软件分析系统作了较全面的阐述。系统运行稳定可靠,功能完善,操作简便,较好地解决了联合调节器检修过程中质量控制问题。     

Tuning method for governor control parameters of hydropower generator in isolated grid considering primary frequency performance and small-signal stability

This paper presents a method of tuning governor control parameters of an isolated hydropower generator considering the primary frequency performance and small-signal stability. First, generators that can be operated in isolated state are identified. Second, different schemes are proposed for generator mode switching from on-grid to off-grid state through comparison and mechanism analysis. Third, the time domain model and frequency domain model of the isolated generator governor are constructed to respectively estimate the primary frequency performance and small signal stability. Parameter sets that satisfy the primary frequency performance and small signal stability are acquired as optimal values of governor control parameters. Finally, the measurement-based parameters of the governor are identified and validated using simulations to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the method.     

发展中的轻型车用PM型直列式喷油泵

分析了国内外情况,并结合国情,阐述了开发PM型喷油泵的现实意义;着重论述了PM型喷油泵的结构特点和具有高喷射压力的技术措施;同时还详细叙述了针对柴油机欧Ⅱ排放要求而与PM型喷油泵配套开发的RWS调速器的设计要求与特点。试验结果表明：PM型喷油泵能够全面满足轻型车用柴油机性能以及欧Ⅱ排放法规要求。     

节能型汽车空调压缩机综合试验台的研制

汽车空调压缩机是汽车空调系统的核心,检测其质量性能的设备大多性能单一,且结构和原理基本相似,大多采用第二制冷剂量热器法。基于压缩机排气管道量热器法和制冷剂气体冷却法,结合某企业技术协议的要求研制了性能和耐久性综合试验台。介绍了试验台的总体设计方案和系统组成,并对其工作原理和关键部件的选型设计进行了阐述。该试验台最大特点是将部分零件模块化。与传统的测试设备相比,该试验台便于连续进行测试。该试验台的测试误差均在标准规定的精度范围内,满足了企业的测试要求。研究为其他相似试验台的设计提供了借鉴。     

基于准线性模型的柴油机电子调速仿真和实验研究

为了更好研究柴油机动态调速工作过程，在实验的基础上，采用MATLAB／simulink仿真平台和FuzzyLogic Toolbox工具箱建立柴油机准线性控制模型，采用增量型PID和自适应模糊PID对此模型进行控制仿真，分析油门突变和负荷突变时不同控制算法对转速稳定性的控制效果，综合各自算法的优缺点指导了实际控制软件的编写。发动机台架实验测试结果表明，发动机稳态调速率小于2．5％，符合各类常规动力设备的调速要求，并实现对LR6105Q型柴油机的全程调速和两极调速的功能，达到了与发动机匹配主机的动力特性要求。     

柴油机怠速转速稳定性的模糊控制

本文分析了直喷式柴油机喷油系统对怠速稳定性的不利影响，考虑到柴油机怠速过程的非线性、时变性和不确定性，提出了一个柴油机速控制模型。在该模型的怠速控制与原机械调速器以及模拟机构调整器的比例控制之间进行了怠速稳定的对比试验。     

Optimal PID gain schedule for hydrogenerators-design andapplication

The development and testing of a digital gain switching governor for hydrogenerators are described. Optimal gains are found at different load points by minimizing a quadratic performance criterion prior to controller operation. During operation, the gain sets are switched in depending on gate position and speed error magnitude. It is shown that, with gain switching operating, the digital governor has a substantial reduction of noise on the command signal and up to 42% faster responses to power requests. Nonlinear control strategies enable the digital governor to have a 2.5% to 2% reduction in speed overshoot on start-ups and an 8% to 1% reduction in undershoot on load rejections as compared to the analog