基于本体的应急救援知识库构建及其应用

针对专家系统在应急救援领域应用中存在的知识表示及推理等问题,采用基于本体的知识表示方法与基于Jena的规则推理引擎,参考简单知识工程方法论与Jena规则语法建立一个高速公路应急救援本体与推理规则,实现本体知识库的推理。将该知识库应用于高速公路应急救援系统中,结果表明其具备解决实际问题的能力;有利于领域知识的共享与重用;促进了专家系统在高速公路应急救援领域的发展。     

基于Jena的台风灾害领域本体模型推理

针对传统台风灾害预测以统计学方法为主,而缺乏语义驱动和智能推理的问题,提出一种基于Jena的台风灾害领域本体模型推理机制。首先,在分析台风灾害的影响因素和演变历史的基础上,采用网络本体语言(OWL)建立台风灾害领域本体模型; 其次,利用Jena推理引擎和自定义规则对台风灾害本体模型进行推理,挖掘被隐藏的台风灾害影响因素或灾害链信息; 最后,构建了本体驱动的台风灾害专家系统(Onto-TDES)。实验结果证明,该方案能初步解决传统台风灾害预测缺乏语义驱动和智能推理的问题,提高台风灾害管理与预测的智能化水平。     

煤矿主要工种本体构建及安全规则推理

目前煤矿领域本体侧重于对事故的预测,尚无针对煤矿作业人员操作安全性的本体研究。为及时发现作业人员的危险操作来为作业人员提供安全预警,提出了一种煤矿主要工种本体构建及安全规则推理方法。根据煤矿实际生产状况,将煤矿生产中的作业人员、操作设备、操作方法、地点、环境、事故和状态等信息形式化表示,利用本体语言构建了覆盖采煤系统、掘进系统、机电运输、地质测量、通风瓦斯、综合防尘和选煤厂等多个生产系统的煤矿主要工种本体。根据煤矿领域专业文献中的安全生产规定,基于Jena自定义规则语法制定了安全规则,并基于安全规则实现对煤矿主要工种本体中作业人员操作安全性的推理。实验结果表明,基于煤矿主要工种本体及安全规则来判断作业人员安全状态有效可行,为煤矿安全生产提供了一种辅助保障手段。     

基于本体的领域自动问答系统研究

由于传统信息检索返回的结果难以充分理解用户的问题语义,因此以医学领域本体为例,提出一种具有语义推理的自动问答系统。系统在领域知识本体上,通过链式索引结构抽取问题对应在领域知识本体中的命名实体。为理解问题的语义层次,通过改进CFN汉语框架网结构,给出从领域知识本体直接生成能理解问题语义的QFN问题框架本体的映射算法。运用QFN将自然语言问题转化成RDF三元组结构,自动生成问题对应的SPARQL查询语句,同时调用Jena推理机完成语义推理查询在知识本体中查找并给出问题的相关回答。实验结果表明,该方法相比传统的信息检索,可以理解问题表达语义并给出与问题语义相关度高的答案。     

基于本体的自动答疑系统的研究与实现

针对现有自动答疑系统中知识表示的不足,提出了用本体构建课程领域知识库的方案。根据答疑问句的特点进行了问题分类,将用户问句意图转换为对本体中基本元素的查询,并通过Jena语句加以实现,最终抽取出答案,实验证明方案是可行的。     

一种支持软件知识共享的本体模型研究

为了支持分布式环境下项目团队成员之间软件开发知识有效的共享,需要对软件开发知识以及它们之间的关系进行分析和定义。根据软件开发知识的内容、特点以及它们之间的关系,对软件开发知识进行了形式化的表示,并创建了软件开发知识本体和软件开发知识本体规则。通过protégé 和Jena实现对此本体的创建、存储和对此本体规则的SPARQL形式转换,据此形成知识本体库来支持软件开发知识共享。     

基于Jena的语义信息检索应用研究

本体语言OWL和Jena应用接口是实现语义网应用的重要工具。针对传统信息检索系统查询质量不高的问题,引入语义网技术实现语义信息检索可以提高查询质量。语义信息检索的关键在于构建合适的本体。通过对计算机科学领域信息的收集,运用OWL语言创建计算机科学本体,并利用Jena提供的查询机制实现了对该本体的语义信息查询,与传统信息查询结果相比排除了很多无关信息。     

基于本体的推理在行业信息化知识库中的应用

行业信息化知识库是一类结构复杂、功能繁多的系统,为解决知识库中知识共享和重用问题,利用本体论对行业信息化知识进行抽象和分析,并基于本体论进行行业知识关联,在已建好的行业知识本体基础上,介绍和分析语义推理工具Jena,包括推理所涉及的问题、Jena的各组成部分及其推理机制。介绍推理规则的语法,并给出一个Jena在语义推理方面的具体应用。实验结果表明,它能有效提高用户的查准率。     

基于间断区间的时间本体表示及应用

通过间断区间的时态理论扩展了OWL-Time,用在本体中表达单个事件带间断时区的情况。在本体中定义了间断区间概念以及间断区间的时态关系,并以物流领域运输事件的表示为例阐述了领域中基于间断区间的时间知识在本体中的表示方式。通过定义Jena中的原语、规则以及扩展对推理模型的操作构建了相应的推理机,对推理机进行实验检验,不仅验证了推理机运行的正确性,同时也保证了时间知识在本体和规则中表示的正确性,解决了带间断区间的时态知识在语义网中表示和推理的问题。     

基于本体的民航应急决策知识表达与推理方法研究

针对民航突发事件应急决策知识表达与管理中的问题,利用本体技术在知识获取和建模方面的优势,本文设计了一个基于领域本体的民航突发事件应急决策知识推理模型;以民航突发事件应急预案、应急案例、应急资源和应急规则等应急知识为基础,构建了民航应急管理领域词典,采用领域本体四元组建模方法给出了基于领域词典的本体构建过程;运用SWRL规则语言建立了民航突发事件应急决策所需的基本规则,采用Protégé本体编辑工具和Jena推理机实现了基于本体的规则推理,为民航突发事件应急决策知识的管理与应用提供了良好的方法与技术支持。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。