生鲜食品冷链低碳物流配送路径优化研究

基于冷链物流配送车辆节能减排的必要性，在考虑固定成本、运输成本、时间窗惩罚成本以及制冷成本的基础上增加碳排放成本，建立了以配送总成本最小为目标函数的冷链物流配送模型，提出了一种解决该问题的改进蚁群算法，并使用算例验证了模型和算法。实验结果表明，该模型和算法有效，可以为物流企业的配送决策提供参考。     

考虑交通时变特性的城乡快递无人机配送优化研究

针对农村快递网点运营成本高、网点建设滞后导致的电商物流配送成本高问题,提出了城乡客运班车+无人机的快递配送模式。在考虑了配送过程中路网交通的时变特性的情况下,以无人机—车辆配送系统总成本最小为优化目标,建立了时变网络下带时间窗的无人机—车辆路径问题（TDVRPDTW）模型,并提出一个由基于最近邻思想的改进CW算法和动态规划启发式算法构成的两阶段启发式算法来求解TDVRPDTW。最后,通过算例求解验证构建模型的合理性和求解算法的有效性,为制定农村物流配送的城乡客运班车+无人机快递配送方案提供决策支持。     

基于时间窗和温度控制的生鲜商品物流配送优化方法

针对生鲜商品物流配送优化研究在对客户需求时间窗和生鲜商品温度控制合理结合方面存在的不足,考虑生鲜商品存在配送时效性强的特征,构建生鲜商品配送的物流成本和生鲜商品价值损失最小的双目标优化模型.首先,建立包含生鲜配送车辆的运输成本、温控成本、违反时间窗的惩罚成本的物流成本模型,并建立基于温度控制的生鲜价值损失模型;然后,根据模型特点设计考虑客户空间位置、需求商品温度控制和时间窗约束的改进K-means聚类算法,进而提出一种GA-TS混合算法,该算法结合遗传算法(GA)的全局搜索能力和禁忌搜索算法(TS)的局部搜索能力,通过与HGA算法、MO-PSO算法和IACO算法的对比分析,对模型及算法的有效性进行验证;最后,通过敏感度分析得到最佳生鲜商品配送温度和最佳聚类方案数,研究结果表明模型和算法是合理有效的,可为物流企业的生鲜商品配送优化提供参考和决策支持.     

大型物流车辆配送线路自适应调度方法

为了有效提高物流配送车辆的利用率,降低配送车辆的空载率及物流运输成本,需要对大型物流车辆配送线路自适应调度方法进行研究。当前方法多是采用通过对物流车辆配送过程中的调度与路径选择进行分析,建立多类型的物流配送车辆调度模型,并构建改进后的遗传算法,对物流调度模型的算法效率以及计算时间和复杂度进行优化,以获取物流车辆配送调度问题的最优解,但该方法存在过程较为繁琐的问题。为此,提出一种大型物流车辆配送线路自适应调度方法。该方法首先建立物流车辆配送线路调度问题的数学模型,为实现自适应调度方法对数学模型进行优化求出最优解,利用蚁群算法对物流车辆配送调度数学模型的最优解进行优化,获取最优路径的适应度初始化蚁群算法的各客户点之间的信息素,从而得出了优化的最优路径;以优化的最优路径完成对大型物流车辆配送线路自适应调度。仿真实验表明,利用蚁群算法不仅加快了物流配送路线调度优化问题求解的速度,降低了物流运输的成本,而且获取了最优解的概率,比其他调度算法具有更明显的优势。     

多类型物流配送优化策略研究

研究多类型物流配送优化问题。物流中货物的配装以及送货的线路优化是物流配送的核心难点问题。对目前常见的物流配送过程中优化调度算法进行比较,分析了物流配送抽象流程,阐述了半启发式的遗传算法,以求取优化配送效率、降低算法的时间和空间复杂度为目标,建立了多类型物流配送整数线性规划模型,并设计了相关求解算法。将自适应遗传算法的多类型物流配送优化策略应用到实际物流配送过程中进行仿真,处理结果进行科学评价。通过实例的应用,验证了提出算法的可行性和高效性。     

基于蚁群算法的带有时间约束旅行商问题求解

为了实现物流行业的快速、有效配送,可以将问题转化为含时间约束的旅行商问题(TSP)。通过对物流配送环节的研究,构建了一种带有时间约束的TSP模型,并提出一种利用改进的MapReduce蚁群算法求解该模型。利用MapReduce的并行机制,对蚁群算法进行并行处理,使其运行在分布式环境中,增强了求解大规模问题的能力,提高了运行速度。试验证明,在用户预约了送货时间段的情况下,该方法能较好地解决数据运算规模大、算法运算时间长的问题,合理规划物流配送路径。     

考虑拥堵区域的多车型绿色车辆路径问题优化

针对降低物流配送过程中产生的碳排放问题,从绿色环保角度出发,提出一种考虑交通拥堵区域的多车型物流配送车辆的绿色车辆路径问题（GVRP）。首先分析不同类型车辆、不同拥堵状况对车辆行驶路线规划的影响,然后引入基于车辆行驶速度和载重的碳排放速率度量函数;其次以车辆管理使用费用和油耗碳排放成本最小作为优化目标,构建双目标绿色车辆路径模型;最后根据模型的特点设计一种融合模拟退火算法的混合差分进化算法对问题进行求解。通过实验仿真验证模型和算法可以有效规避拥堵区域,与只使用单一4 t车型配送相比,所提模型总成本降低了1.5%,油耗碳排放成本降低了4.3%;和以行驶距离最短为目标的模型相比,所提模型的总配送成本降低了8.1%。说明该模型提高物流企业的经济效益也促进了节能减排。同时所提算法与基本差分算法相比,总配送成本可以降低3%~6%;与遗传算法相比,优化效果更明显,总配送成本可以降低4%~11%,证明该算法更具有优越性。综上所提模型和算法可以为物流企业城市配送路径决策提供良好的参考依据。     

考虑逆向物流第三方配送的选址路径问题研究

针对电子商务退货的大量产生,提出一种送取一体化的配送方式,第三方物流和自建物流结合的逆向物流配送策略。选址和路径问题LRP（Location Routing Problem）成为了很多物流配送企业正在面对和急需解决的难题。为了降低配送方式成本以及提高客户满意度,利用改进的遗传算法,首先在自建物流成本中加入时间窗惩罚函数,偏远地区的配送采用第三方物流配送方式,建立送取货为一体的逆向物流选址路径模型;然后针对问题的复杂性设计一种改进的遗传算法对模型进行求解,采用时间分布思想初始化种群,引入局部搜索算法,设计自适应的改进遗传算法;最后采用实验进行数据分析,通过物流成本的降低、运行时间的减少、运行效率的提高等数据验证了模型的可行性以及算法的有效性。     

考虑载重影响耗电率的电动车车辆路径问题

随着新能源和绿色物流等政策的出台,电动车逐渐成为物流配送的主要运输工具.考虑到电动车的电池容量、充电时间、耗电率和充电站位置等因素,研究载重影响耗电率的电动车车辆路径问题,建立以总成本最小化为目标的混合整数规划模型.结合禁忌搜索算法的思想,设计改进的自适应大邻域搜索算法对其求解,在该算法中,开发多种基于模型特性的破坏算子和修复算子以提高求解效率.通过算例求解验证模型和算法的有效性,为物流企业电动车配送方案的规划提供一定的决策依据.     

粒子群算法的物流配送路径优化研究

研究物流配送路径优化问题,物流配送路径优化要找到一条配送车辆少,路径总长度最短的最优配送路线,并具有配送快速性。传统算法搜索最优路线时间长,难以找到最优配送路线,导致物流配送成本高。为了提高快速找到物流配送路径最优配送路线,提高物流服务质量,提出一种粒子群算法的物流配送路径优化方法。首先根据物流配送路径问题的数学模型,然后全局搜索速度快的粒子群算法对模型进行求解,找到物流最优配送路线,最后通过具体实例进行仿真测试,结果表明,粒子群算法不仅能够快速找到物流配送路径最优配送路线,同时获得的路长总长度最短,有效降低物流配送成本。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.