基于扩展Prony算法的海杂波循环对消法

在分析海杂波产生机理的基础上,提出了一种基于扩展Prony算法的海杂波循环对消法,在传统的海杂波循环对消法中用扩展Prony方法对频率进行估计,从而提高对正弦信号的频率、幅度、相位的估算精度。在相同数据点数、信噪比的条件下,运用2种对消法对短相干积累条件下的海面背景舰船目标检测情况进行仿真分析。仿真实验验证了基于扩展Prony算法的海杂波循环对消法检测舰船目标的有效性,提高了短相干积累条件下的海面背景下的舰船目标检测性能。     

基于高分辨谱估计的舰船目标检测方法研究

针对舰船目标速度较慢,在短相干积累时间条件下传统的傅里叶变换获得的目标回波的多普勒谱分辨率较低、目标会被海杂波淹没的问题,提出一种将高分辨谱估计方法与循环对消算法相结合的舰船目标检测算法,该算法有较高的频域分辨率,能在短相干积累时间条件下将海杂波对消掉,从而实现对舰船目标的检测。     

短相干积累条件下天波超视距雷达的舰船检测

天波超视距雷达(OTHR)的观测范围非常广,实战中经常要求在短相干积累条件下检测出舰船目标。然而短相干积累时间带来的低多普勒分辨率很难从强大的海杂波中区分出舰船。为了解决这一问题。可以采用海杂波循环对消法,这就要求对杂波参数进行精确估计。传统方法直接利用Fourier谱中的最大幅度估计杂波参数,估计精度不高从而导致对消性能不太理想。该文提出了一种新的基于FFT相位分析的杂波对消法。该方法与传统的杂波对消相比,有效提高了参数估计精度,减小了剩余杂波强度和扩散程度,有利于舰船目标的峰值显露和从剩余杂波中区分出舰船。以上分析和比较得到了实测数据的检验。     

天波雷达电离层污染校正与海杂波抑制

在天波超视距雷达（OTHR）中,舰船目标的多普勒频率与海杂波谱接近,电离层污染会导致海杂波频谱展宽,从而淹没邻近的舰船目标信号。考虑到电离层污染会导致OTHR回波信号的相位缓慢变化,提出了采用相位梯度法对回波信号进行电离层污染校正;利用污染校正后的海杂波可以近似为两个单频信号之和这一特点,提出了应用奇异值分解来实现对海杂波的抑制。仿真结果表明,文中算法可以有效地校正电离层污染,抑制海杂波,显著提高信杂比,从而有效解决强海杂波对舰船目标的遮蔽问题。与现有的HRR—SVD算法相比,文中算法可以适用于相干积累时间较长和电离层污染较大的情况,防止残留的海杂波形成虚警,提高了OTHR对海杂波附近舰船目标的检测能力。     

基于信号阻塞矩阵检测OTHR舰船目标

为了提高天波超视距雷达目标检测效能,实战中要求在短相干积累条件下检测舰船目标。但是短相干积累时间会导致回波谱的多普勒分辨率降低,增加从强大的海杂波中检测出舰船目标的难度。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于信号阻塞矩阵检测海面舰船目标的新方法。该方法通过构造阻塞矩阵对海杂波进行抑制,使舰船目标最终显现出来。与传统的Root海杂波迭代对消法相比较,新方法不需要估计信号的幅度和初相,缩短了计算时间,减小了估计误差,且能在低信噪比或目标多普勒频率靠近一阶Bragg峰的情况下获得更佳的目标检测性能。以上结论和比较得到了模拟和实测数据的验证。     

OTHR短CIT条件下自适应舰船目标检测方案

针对在短相干积累时间（CIT）条件下,天波超视距雷达（OTHR）的多普勒频率分辨力和相干积累处理增益降低,导致对低可探测大中型舰船目标检测性能下降的问题,提出一种综合自适应海杂波抑制、重构并检测舰船目标信号的PHM方案。该方案首先利用峰值信噪比（PSNR）-高阶奇异值分解（HOSVD）算法进行自适应海杂波抑制,使信号稀疏化并减少后续检测环节中的虚警;然后利用改进的正交匹配追踪（MOMP）算法进行重构和检测舰船目标信号,改善对目标的检测性能,并提升检测结果中舰船目标的多普勒频率准确度。仿真分析和实测数据处理结果验证了PHM方案的有效性。      

采用改进型时频滤波的海杂波抑制方法

海洋环境下，海杂波具有明显的非平稳、非高斯特性，海杂波谱中心频率不固定、谱宽较宽，严重影响了雷达对海面目标的检测。传统的频域滤波器难以对复杂多变的海杂波进行有效抑制。本文通过分析海杂波的时频谱频率变化特征，定量计算各距离单元时频谱的中心频率平滑度，提出了采用基于时频谱能量分布的改进型时频滤波方法进行海杂波抑制。通过实测海杂波数据对杂波抑制效果进行分析，验证了该算法能够有效滤除海杂波信号和保护低速目标信号能量，提高目标信杂噪比，对提升雷达检测能力具有重要的作用。      

抑制气象杂波用的自适应动目标显示器

本文介绍自适应杂波锁定环的数字式实现方法。杂波锁定环的目的是估计杂波的平均多卜勒频率。用这种估计将杂波频谱移到零多卜勒频率。环路后面的固定式动目标显示(MTI)对消器抑制掉移动后的杂波。实验模拟表明,这种杂波锁定环是可行的。实验结果说明,这种对消器比一般固定式对消器效果好得多,但比不上10脉冲动目标检测(MTD)处理机。然而,这种MTD比本文所介绍的自适应信号处理机复杂得多。     

海杂波背景下的非相干积累目标检测

海杂波具有强的时间和空间相关性,在海杂波的去相关时间内,海杂波是相关的。本文根据海杂波的时间相关性特点,提出了对雷达回波进行非相干积累的目标检测方法。由于海杂波是相关的,目标回波是不相关的,对雷达回波进行非相干积累,可以在保证目标回波能量不变的情况下,削弱海杂波的能量,从而提高目标检测性能。实验结果表明,海杂波背景下的非相干积累目标检测方法是可行的。     

基于高阶奇异值分解的天波雷达海杂波抑制算法

天波超视距雷达的监测范围非常广,实际中经常要求其在短相干积累时间(Coherent Integration Time,CIT)条件下检测舰船目标,然而短CIT导致多普勒分辨率降低,很难从强大海杂波中检测出舰船目标.针对上述问题,提出了基于高阶奇异值分解(Higher-Order Singular Value Decomposition,HOSVD)子空间估计的海杂波抑制算法.利用舰船目标所在距离单元的回波数据建立Hankel张量,然后采用HOSVD求解Hankel张量的海杂波子空间和目标子空间,应用正交投影方法将Hankel张量映射到目标子空间以抑制海杂波.仿真结果表明:该方法与现有子空间类海杂波抑制方法相比,提高了主旁瓣比和信干噪比.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks