某油管短节断裂原因分析

某井在油管提升过程中,发现位于紧接油管挂下端的88.90mm×6.45mm油管短节发生断裂。通过宏观检验、化学成分分析、力学性能检测、显微组织分析、宏观和微观断口分析,对该油管短节的断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明:该油管短节为过载断裂,断裂的原因是油管短节外螺纹端的设计拉伸余量偏低,同时螺纹加工存在偏心,使油管短节的承载能力有一定程度的下降。     

某油井油管短节断裂原因分析

某油井生产11个月后发生油管短节断裂失效事故。通过对失效油管短节的宏观和微观形貌观察、显微组织分析、力学性能测试、化学成分分析,查明了其断裂失效原因。结果表明:该油管短节断裂主要是由于在油井生产工况下,油管内壁发生了多裂纹源的应力腐蚀开裂,然后在腐蚀和机械载荷的共同作用下,裂纹不断扩展并相互连接,当裂纹穿透管壁后表现为腐蚀疲劳开裂,最终导致油管短节断裂失效;油管短节加工工艺不当,提高了其断裂失效的概率。     

某西部油田高温高压气井连续油管断裂原因

某西部油田高温高压气井连续油管在下井过程中发生断裂,采用宏观观察、无损探伤、化学成分分析、力学性能试验、金相检验、扫描电镜及能谱分析等方法,分析了连续油管断裂的原因.结果表明:该连续油管在下井过程中,管壁发生结腊,连续油管受到压缩载荷,导致下井受阻,当压缩载荷超过材料屈服强度后,连续油管发生压缩变形,随后发生断裂.     

某油田用油管断裂失效分析

某油田直井气井在正常产气56d(天)后发生油管本体断裂失效。通过宏观检验、化学成分分析、力学性能测试、金相检验、扫描电镜及能谱分析,对该油管的失效原因进行了综合分析。结果表明:该油管的断裂性质属于腐蚀疲劳断裂;外表面脱碳降低了油管的耐腐蚀能力,在服役过程中管材外表面接触水及空气的位置发生氧腐蚀,形成腐蚀坑,腐蚀坑底部产生应力集中成为疲劳裂纹源;在外力作用下疲劳裂纹不断扩展,最终导致了油管的断裂失效。     

某井油管变扣短节断裂原因分析

某井油管变扣短节服役5个月即发生断裂失效。通过对失效油管变扣短节的宏观形貌、微观形貌、理化性能进行分析和检验,查明了其断裂原因。结果表明:该油管变扣短节断裂主要是由硫化氢应力腐蚀开裂导致的;由于该井硫化氢含量较高,因此建议该井油管柱采用抗硫材料。     

某稠油井Ф88．9mm×6．45mm110EU油管挤毁原因分析

对某井在稠油开采、反注稀油过程中发生的油管挤毁和断裂事故进行了调查研究。对挤毁油管和同批新油管取样进行材质分析、尺寸测量和挤毁试验,认为油管材质和尺寸均符合标准要求。对挤毁油管外表面形状检查结果表明,油管挤毁之前没有机械损伤,油管挤毁与机械损伤无关。通过推理分析,认为油管首先发生挤毁,然后才发生断裂。通过力学分析和计算,认为油管挤毁和断裂的原因是其所受的外力超过了油管的屈服强度。     

N80油管断裂分析

采用化学成分分析、力学性能测试、受力分析、宏观及微观检验等手段对N80油管断裂的原因进行了分析。结果表明:该油管断裂的主要原因是在抽油机杆往复运动的过程中,管柱薄弱环节产生疲劳损伤,导致油管疲劳部位所承受的载荷超过了其承载能力,最终在外加拉应力的作用下发生断裂。     

N80-1钢加厚油管加厚部位断裂原因

在某油田下井作业时,一支N80-1钢加厚油管在加厚部位突然断裂。通过几何尺寸测量、宏观分析、力学性能试验、扫描电镜及能谱分析等方法,分析了该油管加厚部位断裂的原因。结果表明：油管加厚部位断裂为低应力脆断,主要原因是管坯铸造缺陷改变了油管内部应力状态和应力分布;加厚油管的拉伸性能和管体外径均不满足标准要求、加厚部位壁厚不均、管体轧疤缺陷和环状凹面是该加厚油管断裂的次要原因;在主、次要原因的共同作用下,使得油管在远低于额定最小破断拉力的重力作用下发生脆性断裂。     

7050铝合金端框接头断裂原因分析

某7050铝合金端框接头在吊装转移过程中发生接头断裂。采用仿真分析、宏观分析、微观分析、金相检验、硬度测试、力学性能试验、化学成分分析等方法,对端框接头的断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明:该7050铝合金端框接头断裂属于过载断裂,由吊装作业不规范导致吊装点的应力最大值超过材料的强度极限,最终端框接头在吊装点处发生过载断裂。     

304不锈钢止回阀断裂原因分析

某公司生产设备上的304不锈钢止回阀在使用过程中发生了断裂。采用宏观分析、化学成分分析、断口分析、非金属夹杂物检测、金相检验、显微硬度测试等方法对止回阀的断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明:止回阀的断裂位置位于焊缝处,为一次性过载断裂。由于焊接工艺不当,在焊缝处存在未焊透缺陷,使该止回阀管的强度降低,在较大的介质应力作用下,发生了一次性过载断裂。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.