纳米颗粒包覆ZrW_2O_8空心结构的制备和性能

采用包覆法制备单一相钨酸锆(ZrW2O8)空心球。研究选择以水热合成法制备的胶体碳球作为制备空心球的模板,通过溶胶—凝胶法制备了具有网状结构的钨酸锆前驱体凝胶,经过后续简单的包覆过程得到胶体碳球—钨酸锆凝胶形成的壳核结构,并对该壳核结构进行煅烧(610℃保温10h)后除去碳球模板得到ZrW2O8空心球。实验所得ZrW2O8空心球平均粒径约3μm,球壳平均厚度为1.5μm,构成壳层结构的纳米级ZrW2O8颗粒为棒状无规则多面体,尺寸约500nm×50nm×50nm。FTIR和TG-DTA分析证明,产物为立方相ZrW2O8空心球,密度为2.8g/cm3,比理论值降低了45%;产物空心球具有良好的负热膨胀特性,在室温至200℃的温度区间内,负膨胀系数略低于理论值,平均热膨胀系数为-11.4×10-6K-1。     

CeO_2纳米空心球的制备与光催化性能研究

采用乳液聚合法制备了聚苯乙烯-丙烯酸微球(P(St-AA))为模板,通过无机物前驱体颗粒的自组装制备出CeO2/P(St-AA)复合微球,煅烧去除聚合物模板后,得到CeO2纳米空心球。通过扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱、X射线衍射和热重分析仪等测试手段对复合微球和CeO2纳米空心球的表面形貌和结构进行了表征。实验结果表明,CeO2空心球由面心立方相颗粒构成,内空心直径约为250nm,壳厚度约为20nm。CeO2纳米空心球对甲基蓝模拟染料废水具有良好的脱色能力,经4h处理后脱色率达到95%以上。     

基于胶体晶体构筑银纳米薄膜及其抑制微放电性能研究

近年来,微放电效应的抑制研究在加速器、大功率微波器件等领域得到了广泛的关注。采用聚苯乙烯(PS)胶体晶体模板辅助磁控溅射法制备了类空心球结构的银薄膜,通过调节PS模板尺寸及溅射时间(镀银层厚度),得到具有抑制微放电效应的银薄膜。采用SEM表征银薄膜的形貌与结构,并用二次电子发射系数(SEY)测试平台表征银薄膜的SEY。结果表明,PS模板尺寸及溅射时间对银薄膜形貌及其二次电子抑制作用有显著的影响,当溅射时间为600s,模板尺寸为1 000nm时,银薄膜的SEY较小,即对二次电子的抑制作用较为显著,与初始镀银铝合金样品相比,其SEY值降低了48%。     

无机材料纳米空心球的制备方法研究进展

探索新的纳米结构已成为近年来物理、化学、材料等领域的研究热点之一.纳米空心球作为一种新的纳米结构,其特有的核-壳空心结构及纳米厚度的壳层使它具有许多优异的物理化学性能,从而在医学、制药学、材料学、染料工业等领域具有很好的应用前景.本文综述了模板法和由模板法发展而来的L-bL自组装法制备无机材料纳米空心球的一般过程及原理,最后展望了纳米空心球材料的发展前景,并探讨了目前在无机材料纳米空心球研究领域中存在的问题.     

Bi_2MoO_6空心球的水热沉淀法制备及其光催化性能

以葡萄糖为前躯体,采用水热法制备胶体碳球,以其为模板通过水热沉淀法制备C/Bi2MoO6核壳结构,然后在350℃空气中煅烧,获得了具有良好光催化性能的Bi2MoO6空心球.通过SEM、XRD、FT-IR和BET等测试方法对该催化剂进行了表征;并对其形成机理及反应过程进行了初步探讨,以亚甲基蓝作为被降解物质,研究了其光催化活性。结果表明,Bi2MoO6空心球是由纳米晶粒组成的,壁厚约为30～50nm,平均直径约为0.6～0.8μm,采用胶体碳球作模板时制得的Bi2MoO6空心球比表面积为11.315m2/g,而直接合成的粉体比表面积为3.378m2/g。在黑管灯照射下,2.5h亚甲基蓝的降解率达到了91.95%。     

二维胶体晶体的制备及其应用

基于单层胶体晶体模板构筑不同形貌的纳米材料是一种简单、高效、灵活且成本低的纳米加工方法,可以实现高可控性和可重复性的各种二维(2D)图案纳米结构的制备。对二维胶体晶体的制备方法进行了综述,包括紧密堆积型、非紧密堆积型以及二元胶体晶体的制备方法。重点介绍了以二维胶体晶体为模板构筑不同形貌的二维结构,如纳米碗、纳米空心球、纳米网等阵列结构。同时指出了二维胶体晶体制备中存在的问题,并对其后续发展进行了展望。     

纳米结构氧化镁空心球壳的制备及吸附镍离子性能研究

以Pickering乳液的液滴为模板制备纳米结构MgO空心球壳,用SEM、XRD、BET等对空心球壳进行了表征,探讨了其形成机理,并考察了纳米结构MgO空心球壳对水中Ni2+的吸附性能。结果表明,MgO空心球壳为方镁石结构,比表面积为28m2/g;其平均粒径为63μm,表面由平均宽度为65nm的纳米片层构成。Pickering乳液油水界面的部分MgO通过水化反应转变成Mg(OH)2,复合在未反应的MgO粒子上,形成MgO/Mg(OH)2空心球壳;MgO/Mg(OH)2空心球壳经焙烧后得到纳米结构MgO空心球壳。当纳米结构MgO空心球壳用量为0.4g/L时,溶液(初始浓度25mg/L)中Ni2+的去除率为98.3%。     

CdS空心微球的制备与表征

以不同粒径的苯乙烯-丙稀酸(酯)共聚物(PSA)乳胶粒为模板,制备出均匀的PSA/CdS核壳复合结构的微球,用有机溶剂溶去模板PSA后,分别制备了不同粒径的CdS空心微球.透射电镜分析结果表明,以直径250、340和600nm的PSA乳胶粒为模板,所得CdS空心球的粒径均匀,直径分别为340、450和800nm.紫外可见吸收光谱显示3个CdS空心球样品的最大吸收分别为480nm、410nm和485nm.     

胶体颗粒制备二氧化钛空心球及其光催化性能研究

二氧化钛基空心球由于低密度、高比表面积、单分散性和高稳定性等特性,以及空心部分能容纳其它材料,可以产生一些奇特的基于微观"包裹"效应的性质,在微尺度反应器、药物传输载体、光子晶体、催化剂和能量存储等诸多技术领域都有重要的应用。系统评述了以不同胶体颗粒(聚合物微球、SiO2微球、微纳米尺寸碳球)为模板制备二氧化钛基空心球的方法过程,介绍了二氧化钛基空心球的光催化应用的最新进展。     

三维光子晶体光学性能分析及结构色模拟

以面心立方密堆积结构的三维光子晶体为研究对象,利用等体积原则将其等效为一维光子晶体结构,采用传输矩阵法计算晶体微球粒径、晶体堆积厚度对光子晶体反射率、带隙位置及宽度的影响,并通过CIE标准色度系统得到色品坐标,在CIE色度图直观地反映光子晶体结构色变化。控制微球粒径尺度可以调节光子禁带,进而调控光子晶体结构色。微球粒径增大,光子带隙中心波长增大,对应的结构色波长也增大,对于粒径分别为200nm、250nm、300nm、350nm的二氧化硅胶体光子晶体,其对应结构色分别为蓝色、绿色、黄色、红色。晶体堆积厚度在一定范围内增大有利于反射率增大、带隙宽度变窄,从而影响颜色但不引起色相发生变化。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.