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基于Muschelknautz 分离模型,以PV型旋风分离器为对象,针对高入口浓度的分离效率的计算,将旋风分离器分离空间的气固分离过程划分为2个区域,提出了串级分离模型。当入口浓度大于临界入口浓度时,旋风分离器内有器壁附近的颗粒支配区和中心区域的气体支配区。颗粒支配区内颗粒速度大于气体速度,颗粒夹带气体沿器壁螺旋下行进入灰斗被全部捕集,形成了颗粒的一级分离;气体支配区内气体速度大于颗粒速度,气体携带颗粒做旋转运动进行离心分离过程,形成了颗粒的二级分离。旋风分离器总的气固分离过程是一级分离和二级分离的叠加。通过高入口浓度的实验对串级分离模型进行了验证,基于串级分离模型给出的PV型旋风分离器的分离效率与实测值较吻合。研究表明旋风分离器临界入口浓度对总效率的计算影响较大。串级分离计算模型包含了结构参数和气、固相物性等参数,具有很好的通用性,可以满足PV型旋风分离器的工程计算和设计要求。 相似文献
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综述了近年来关于入口结构包括入口结构类型、入口截面形状以及入口下倾角度等对旋风分离器性能影响的研究。认为不同的入口结构参数设计对旋风分离器的性能及能耗有较大影响;随着入口数量增多,分离器压降降低,分离效率先升高后减少,双进口分离器的性能较优。入口截面形状采用倒三角形有利于提高分离效率,但压力损失增加;对于矩形入口旋风分离器,增大高宽比有利于提高分离效率,但也会增大压力损失。随着入口截面角的增加,压力损失降低,分离效率先升高后减小,存在有最优的入口截面角;螺旋下倾角能够改善旋风分离器的分离性能,降低压力损失并有效减少上灰环现象的发生。 相似文献
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旋风分离器内颗粒质量浓度分布数值模拟 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
采用颗粒随机轨道模型和单元内颗粒源法,对旋风分离器内不同粒径颗粒质量浓度分布进行了数值模拟。结果表明,粒径较小的颗粒(dp≤4μm)大部分在旋风分离器分离空间锥段进行分离,而较大颗粒(dp>4μm)大部分在环形空间与分离空间筒段即被分离。随着颗粒粒径增加,分离器外壁的颗粒质量浓度逐渐呈螺旋灰带分布,内旋流夹带减小,环形空间顶板下方出现顶灰环。升气管入口0.25D(筒体直径)附近的短路流对小颗粒的影响较大。在分离空间下部排尘口附近0.5D有明显的颗粒返混,返混量随着颗粒粒径增大而减少。 相似文献
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为了系统评价输气站场用多管导叶式旋风分离器的分离性能,模拟计算了入口速度7~27 m/s、颗粒密度1000~5000 kg/m3、颗粒浓度2.5~2500 g/m3、操作压力1~5 MPa条件下21管旋风分离器的分离效率和压降. 结果表明,多管旋风分离器的压降主要来自单管压降,约占整个压降的80%~90%,旋风子单独使用和并联使用时其流场分布规律相同,沿轴向对称分布,中心涡核处压力最低;分离效率和压降均随入口速度增大而增加,粒径为1~10 mm的固体颗粒分离效率从30.57%增加到63.86%,压降从9053 Pa增加到116864 Pa,在入口速度7~27 m/s范围内基本能除尽粒径大于6 mm的颗粒;随颗粒密度增加,分离效率增大,压降几乎不变;操作压力增大分离效率降低,而压降略增加. 各单管间进气量波动均不超过5%. 相似文献
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采用改进的RNG k-ε湍流模型和欧拉多相流模型,对一种单入口双进气道旋风分离器内的气固多相紊流过程进行数值模拟。计算得到旋风分离器内不同粒径颗粒速度和浓度分布规律,结果表明:大粒径颗粒比小粒径颗粒轴向速度分布更平坦,切向速度峰值位置和外准自由涡区也越向壁面靠近;与普通单入口旋风分离器相比,相同处理量时,此种旋风分离器内速度和不同粒径颗粒浓度分布轴对称性更好,大粒径颗粒切向速度峰值位置外移更明显,筒体段颗粒有更向壁面浓集的趋势,锥体段不同轴向位置处中心旋流区双进气道的颗粒浓度低于单进气道的。小粒径颗粒捕集能力增强,有助于提高分离器分离效率,减少不稳定流动导致结焦的颗粒源供给,从流动角度保证了抗结焦和长周期稳定操作。 相似文献
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旋风分离器有无灰斗对气相流场动态特性的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
旋风分离器底端的排尘口依据气固分离工艺的要求分别采用有灰斗或无灰斗结构。但灰斗是否存在对旋风分离器内部流场影响的研究尚显不足。为此,采用热线风速仪对排尘口有灰斗和无灰斗的旋风分离器气相流场的切向速度进行了测量。结果表明旋风分离器内旋转流具有较强的不稳定性,表现为瞬时切向的速度低频高幅值波动变化。灰斗的存在进一步导致了排尘口附近瞬时切向速度的强烈波动。通过对瞬时切向速度的频谱分析表明,有灰斗结构的旋风分离器瞬时切向速度有2个主频,分别是存在于整个空间的全空间主频和出现在锥体下端排尘口附近区域的局部主频。无灰斗结构的旋风分离器仅有1个全空间主频。全空间主频是气体旋流中心围绕旋风分离器几何中心摆动造成的,而局部主频是灰斗气体回流造成的。灰斗气体回流主频与全空间旋转流摆动的主频叠加形成了锥体下端排尘口附近区域瞬时切向速度的2个主频。 相似文献
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旋风分离器内颗粒运动规律的数值模拟 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5
采用单颗粒动力学模型计算了旋风分离器内颗粒的运动轨迹。计算结果表明:进入旋风分离器的颗粒绝大多数在环形空间内就被甩向器壁;从入口上部进入的部分较小颗粒由于局部二次流作用而上升形成顶灰环;还有少量颗粒进入下部分离空间。在下部分离空间内,有灰斗返气夹带上来的颗粒,处于内旋流的颗粒则有可能随上升气流而逃逸,所以一定的分离空间高度有利用颗粒的二次再分离。 相似文献
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以XLPB-5.0和XCX-5.0两种旋风分离器为原型,采用CFD软件对这两种旋风分离器进行了流场与分离效率的数值模拟,初步探讨了入口蜗壳形式与芯管结构对分离效率的影响。模拟结果显示:旋风分离器内流场呈各向异性分布特点,切向速度是影响分离效率的首要因素,径向速度的存在会造成"流场短路"现象,使轴向速度呈不对称分布,导致分离效率的降低。轴向速度与径向速度的共同作用促使颗粒在旋风分离器内做螺旋运动;XLPB-5.0和XCX-5.0的分离效率分别为92.55%和94.96%,与实验结果基本吻合,且不同芯管参数下XCX型的分离效率比XLPB型高;螺旋式入口蜗壳(XCX-5.0型)对旋风分离器上部流场的影响相比直流式入口蜗壳(XLPB-5.0型)复杂;对于两种旋风分离器,随着芯管直径的增大,分离效率逐渐变小;随着芯管深度的增大,分离效率先增大后减小。 相似文献
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常规切向进口旋风分离器的气流进入旋风分离器后必定要经过排气芯管外壁和筒体内壁之间,因此不可避免会使得相当一部分气流没有经过分离空间而直接从排气芯管底部排出(短路流量),这也是影响旋风分离器分离效率的重要因素之一。在前人工作的基础上,对旋风分离器的进口结构进行了改进:使得旋风分离器的入口具有一定截面角,并借助数值计算技术,分别对传统的和具有一定入口截面角旋风分离器内的三维流场进行了数值模拟,计算了芯管底部的"短路流量",结果表明:进口具有一定截面角可以明显减小芯管底部的"短路流量",这对改善旋风分离器的分离效率具有重要的实际意义。 相似文献
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The gas flow fields of a cyclone with different inlet section angles have been studied numerically. The gas flow fields were simulated by means of the Reynolds Stress Transport Model (RSTM). The velocities and pressure drop profiles of these cyclones were investigated. The shortcut flow rates at the bottom of the vortex finder were calculated with different inlet section angles. To analyze the relationship between the inlet section angle and the vortex finder insertion deepness, this paper details the shortcut flow rates at the bottom of the vortex finder for three vortex finder insertion depths. The results indicate that the inlet section angle can decrease the shortcut flow from the bottom of the vortex finder, which has practical importance for the improvement of the separation efficiency. The inlet section angle can also decrease the pressure coefficient of a cyclone. When the inlet section angle is 45 °, the level of decrease is up to 30 %. However, the effect of the inlet section angle on the separation performance is related to the dimension of the vortex finder, i.e., the insertion depth and diameter of the vortex finder, and the effect is different when the cyclone has different vortex finder insertion depths. 相似文献
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The inlet region of a pilot-scale, co-current spray dryer was simulated using the proprietary Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) codes, CFX4 and CFX5. Several design alternatives were considered for correcting uneven inlet air distribution, which is known to influence spray dryer performance and airflow patterns. The simulations were used to assess each alternative prior to construction, assuming isothermal and incompressible flow conditions. Experimental measurements were compared with the simulation results for the original and one modified design.
Drying air is supplied to this dryer via an overhead pipe feeding an annular plenum chamber, of diameter 400 mm, surrounding the atomiser. A distributor plate with two concentric rings of 50 holes, each of 5 mm diameter, forms the base of the plenum chamber. A three-dimensional grid was required to model each of the 100 holes separately and to consider the asymmetric flow behaviour. The resulting grid consisted of about 532,000 cells. The CFD simulations proved useful in predicting the trends in flow distributions in each of the designs. 相似文献
Drying air is supplied to this dryer via an overhead pipe feeding an annular plenum chamber, of diameter 400 mm, surrounding the atomiser. A distributor plate with two concentric rings of 50 holes, each of 5 mm diameter, forms the base of the plenum chamber. A three-dimensional grid was required to model each of the 100 holes separately and to consider the asymmetric flow behaviour. The resulting grid consisted of about 532,000 cells. The CFD simulations proved useful in predicting the trends in flow distributions in each of the designs. 相似文献
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《Drying Technology》2013,31(2):257-268
The inlet region of a pilot-scale, co-current spray dryer was simulated using the proprietary Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) codes, CFX4 and CFX5. Several design alternatives were considered for correcting uneven inlet air distribution, which is known to influence spray dryer performance and airflow patterns. The simulations were used to assess each alternative prior to construction, assuming isothermal and incompressible flow conditions. Experimental measurements were compared with the simulation results for the original and one modified design. Drying air is supplied to this dryer via an overhead pipe feeding an annular plenum chamber, of diameter 400 mm, surrounding the atomiser. A distributor plate with two concentric rings of 50 holes, each of 5 mm diameter, forms the base of the plenum chamber. A three-dimensional grid was required to model each of the 100 holes separately and to consider the asymmetric flow behaviour. The resulting grid consisted of about 532,000 cells. The CFD simulations proved useful in predicting the trends in flow distributions in each of the designs. 相似文献
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空分装置中的R2K100-4型空压机在出厂时进口导叶机械零位为设定5°,这一设定只适用于平原地区,而在高原地区使用往往会出现压缩机喘振现象。分析了空压机发生喘振故障的原因,并采取了重新设定导叶机械零位的方法解决了问题。 相似文献
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Inrecent years, the use of spray drying for the production of anhydrobiotics has gained the interest of functional food manufacturers, mainly due to cost efficiencies and enhanced product and process flexibility (e.g., enhanced shelf life). In the present work, spray-drying conditions (air inlet temperature and feed flow rate) were optimized for the microencapsulation of the thermo sensitive probiotic lactobacilli strains Lactobacillus acidophilus stabilized in a 60:20:20 (w/w) maltodextrin: whey protein concentrate: D-glucose carrier. A 23 full-factorial experimental design was constructed with air inlet temperature (120, 140, and 160°C) and feed flow rate (6, 7.5, and 9.0 mL/min) as the independent variables and total viable counts (TVC), water activity (a w ), and cyclone recovery (CR) defined as the dependent variables. The increase in air inlet temperature from 120 to 160°C induced a significant (p < 0.001) reduction in the TVC from 9.02 to 7.20 log cfu/g, which corresponds to a97.5% loss of the L. acidophilus viable counts. On the other hand, the increase in the feed flow rate from 6 to 7.5 mL/min significantly reduced (p < 0.001) the heat-induced viability loss. A further increase in the feeding rate did not further modify the achieved thermo protection, and a detrimental impact of cyclone recovery (reduction) and water activity (increase) of the powder was observed. Using pruned quadratic mathematical models, the optimum spray-drying conditions for the production of maximally viable microencapsulated L. acidophilus were 133.34°C and 7.14 mL/min. The physicochemical and structural characteristics of the powders produced were acceptable for application with regards to residual water content, particles mean size, and thermo physical properties to ensure appropriate storage stability under room temperature conditions, with a low inactivation rate of L. acidophilus. Microcapsules appeared partially collapsed by scanning electron microscope with a spherical shape with surface concavities. 相似文献