基于BP神经网络的活性炭吸附甲基紫废水过程模拟

为了研究活性炭吸附甲基紫废水过程模型,采用BP人工神经网络算法,以实验所得的32组实验数据为训练样本,建立了以甲基紫废水浓度为输入变量,以不同甲基紫废水浓度下活性炭处理后甲基紫溶液的吸光度为输出变量的吸附模型,模型输出的预测结果与实验数据吻合较好,说明该模型对活性炭吸附处理甲基紫废水过程模拟的可行性和有效性.     

活性炭电极电吸附甲基橙废水研究

自制一种新型粘结剂(NB),并用此粘结剂与活性炭粉末(AC)混合制备活性炭电极(ACE)。利用数码相机、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及傅立叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)对电极表面形貌、亲水性及电极表面的官能团进行分析,并用此电极进行电吸附甲基橙(MO)的操作条件及动力学研究。结果表明,电极亲水性好,并含有大量含氧官能团;在MO初始质量浓度为40 mg/L、电解质(Na2SO4)质量浓度5.0 mg/L、pH为6.5、温度为25℃时,600 mV电压下,MO的去除率达到88.35%,较开路时提高了17.18%;动力学分析表明,在AC电极上电吸附MO溶液符合Lagergren 1级吸附动力学模型。     

核桃壳活性炭吸附甲基橙的性能研究

以核桃壳为原料,采用氯化锌化学活化法制备活性炭,以甲基橙溶液为染料模拟废水,在恒温振荡的条件下进行吸附,研究了吸附剂用量、吸附时间、吸附温度对吸附效果的影响,考察活性炭再生性能。结果表明,当吸附剂用量为5 g/L,吸附时间105 min,温度45℃时,核桃壳活性炭对甲基橙溶液(200 mg/L)的吸附率达99.76%,吸附符合Langmuir等温模型,热再生率高,再生后活性炭损失率最高达52.31%。     

核桃壳活性炭吸附甲基橙的性能研究

以核桃壳为原料,采用氯化锌化学活化法制备活性炭,以甲基橙溶液为染料模拟废水,在恒温振荡的条件下进行吸附,研究了吸附剂用量、吸附时间、吸附温度对吸附效果的影响,考察活性炭再生性能。结果表明,当吸附剂用量为5 g/L,吸附时间105 min,温度45℃时,核桃壳活性炭对甲基橙溶液(200 mg/L)的吸附率达99.76%,吸附符合Langmuir等温模型,热再生率高,再生后活性炭损失率最高达52.31%。     

改性活性炭对甲基橙的吸附

用盐酸和氨水对活性炭进行改性获得改性活性炭,将其用于处理甲基橙废水,考察了改性条件、振荡速度和温度等因素对甲基橙吸附性能的影响,采用吸附等温模型和吸附动力学模型进行拟合,并分析吸附过程的热力学特征. 结果表明,盐酸改性活性炭对甲基橙的吸附效果优于氨水改性活性炭,在甲基橙初始浓度60 mg/L、溶液体积50 mL、温度20℃、振荡速度100 r/min、盐酸改性活性炭投加量0.2 g时,24 h基本达到吸附平衡,甲基橙去除率为93.7%. 不同温度下,盐酸改性活性炭对甲基橙的吸附符合Langmuir(RC2>0.95)和Freundlich(RC2>0.97)吸附等温模型,饱和吸附量达112.7 mg/g. 热力学参数DG0<0,DH0>0,DS0>0,表明盐酸改性活性炭对甲基橙的吸附是自发吸热反应,其吸附动力学可用准二级动力学方程描述,随振荡速度增加,吸附速率常数增加.     

石油焦基活性炭的制备及处理甲基橙废水的研究

以石油焦为原料制备了活性炭(AC),研究了制备条件活化剂种类、预处理、活化剂用量及原料对AC结构与性能的影响。采用正交实验优化了吸附水中甲基橙脱除率的影响因素溶液浓度、吸附温度、吸附时间与AC用量。结果显示,由辽化产和盘锦产石油焦均可制得碘值1 000 mg/g以上的高吸附性能AC;以辽化石油焦为原料,无预处理、活化时间24 h、KOH碱/焦为3∶1(质量比),所制备AC的碘值高达1 331.82 mg/g,在甲基橙浓度120 mg/L、吸附温度30℃、活性炭用量2.0 g/L、吸附时间40 min时,甲基橙脱除率达89.2%。     

活性炭吸附法处理亚甲基蓝废水的研究

研究了活性炭对水溶液中亚甲基蓝的吸附,通过实验得到了25℃及30℃活性炭吸附亚甲基蓝的吸附平衡数据,从吸附等温线可看出亚甲基蓝水溶液吸附符合Langmuir型。以及在等温吸附条件下,通过改变不同的参数,分别测定了亚甲基蓝废水吸附过程的穿透曲线。     

石油焦基活性炭的制备及处理甲基橙废水的研究

以石油焦为原料制备了活性炭(AC),研究了制备条件活化剂种类、预处理、活化剂用量及原料对AC结构与性能的影响。采用正交实验优化了吸附水中甲基橙脱除率的影响因素溶液浓度、吸附温度、吸附时间与AC用量。结果显示,由辽化产和盘锦产石油焦均可制得碘值1 000 mg/g以上的高吸附性能AC;以辽化石油焦为原料,无预处理、活化时间24 h、KOH碱/焦为3∶1(质量比),所制备AC的碘值高达1 331.82 mg/g,在甲基橙浓度120 mg/L、吸附温度30℃、活性炭用量2.0 g/L、吸附时间40 min时,甲基橙脱除率达89.2%。     

磁性活性炭的制备及吸附去除水中甲基橙的研究

采用沉淀法制备了磁性活性炭,并用磁强计、比表面测定仪、XRD对其进行了表征。研究了磁性活性炭吸附去除水中甲基橙的吸附动力学、吸附热力学。结果表明:磁性活性炭对甲基橙吸附20 min后基本达到平衡,且与拟二级吸附动力学模型拟合较好;在25、40℃和55℃下符合Freundlich方程;吸附焓变、熵变和吉布斯自由能变均为负值,吸附为焓推动作用、自发且放热过程。     

活性炭吸附法脱除废水中的苯酚及吸附剂再生的研究

对活性炭对废水中苯酚的吸附平衡以及活性炭的再生进行了试验性研究和理论性探讨。结果发现,温度对活性炭的吸附能力有显著的影响,低温地吸附有利,吸附平衡可用Ｌａｒｇｍｕｉｒ方程描述;ＰＨ值对活性炭对苯酚捐附也有较强的影响,酸性的水溶液对吸附有利,强碱性水溶液对再生有利。分别采用乙醇、丙酮、ＮａＯＨ溶液、ＮａＯＨ溶液＋乙醇的混合液对吸附剂活性炭进行再生,再生率均能达到８５％以上,基本满足工业要求。     

活性炭吸附技术处理印染废水的研究进展

目前印染行业发展迅速,在其带来巨大经济效益的同时,也对环境造成严重污染。活性炭法处理印染废水是利用活性炭对印染废水中残留污染物进行吸附的处理工艺。近几年,活性炭吸附因其吸附效果良好而备受专家学者关注。笔者主要从改性活性炭和活性炭协同技术处理印染废水两个方面介绍了活性炭吸附法在印染废水处理技术方面的研究进展,并综合目前的研究状况,提出了几点建议,以期为相关研究提供参考。     

中孔活性碳纤维及其吸附特性

活性碳纤维具有丰富的有效吸附孔,孔径分布窄,吸脱行程短,吸脱速度快,吸附容量大。是,一般活性碳纤维的孔径较小,限制了对大分子的吸附,使其应用受到一定限制,近年来,科学工作者进行了中孔型活性炭纤维的研制,以拓宽其应用领域,本文着重阐述了中孔活性碳纤维的制造方法及其吸附特性。     

Adsorption of SO2 on Activated Carbon for Low Gas Concentrations

Adsorption experiments of SO₂ on activated carbon has been carried out for low concentrations (about 100 ppm) at room temperature (15 to 33 °C) with varying humidity in the air. The breakthrough curves show that at high relative humidity or relative higher SO₂ concentration, the load capacity increases with respect to temperature. The humidity of the air is also of benefit to the load capacity of SO₂. When an adsorption process is interrupted and the activated carbon is kept closed for a while, the SO₂ concentration at the exit of a fixed‐bed adsorber is similar to that of the fresh activated carbon and begins at a very low value. It appears that the sorption potential has been refreshed after the storage period. Analysis of desorption experiments by simultaneous thermal analysis combined with mass spectrometry (MS) after loading, shows that the physisorbed SO₂ and H₂O are desorbed at low temperatures. At higher temperatures, the MS peak of SO₂ and H₂O occur at the same time. Compared with desorption immediately after loading, after one day, the desorption peak due to the physisorbed SO₂ disappears. From this, it can be concluded that the refreshment of the loading capacity of the activated carbon after storage is mainly due to a change in the nature of the SO₂ from a physisorbed state to a chemisorbed form. The same mechanism leads to a continuous refreshment of the sorption potential by means of a chemical reaction during the adsorption process.     

Adsorption of Methyl Chloride on Molecular Sieves,Silica Gels,and Activated Carbon

Adsorption of methyl chloride (CH₃Cl or MeCl) on five different types of adsorbents was investigated experimentally at increasing pressures and room temperature. Prior to adsorption, all adsorbents were analyzed to assess their physical and chemical characteristics. The experimental data was then used to determine the adsorption isotherms, heats of adsorption, adsorption rates, and their respective theoretical models. The MeCl adsorption capacity was found to reasonably correlate with the adsorbent's surface area. The MeCl adsorption isotherm and adsorption rates were fitted for the first time to a Freundlich isotherm model and pseudo first-/second-order kinetic models, respectively. The range of heat of adsorption indicated a physisorption type of bonding; hence, the investigated adsorbents can potentially be regenerated for cyclic adsorption.     

The Adsorption and Desorption Characteristics of EDTA-Chelated Copper Ion by Activated Carbon

Abstract

This paper addresses the effect of EDTA, a strong agent, on the removal of copper ion from solutions using activated carbon adsorption. Experimental studies indicate the presence of EDTA significantly altered the adsorption behavior of copper on the activated carbon due to the formation of copper chelate species in the solution. The adsorption isotherms and kinetics were found to be strong functions of solution pH and the ratio of copper ion and EDTA concentrations. Adsorption of EDTA-Cu chelates was found to be more favorable than those of free copper ion and unbound EDTA species in the solution. Experimental results indicated that the desorption of chelated copper ion from activated carbon by NaOH and HClO⁴ solutions was influenced by the initial adsorption conditions. A significantly higher quantity of copper ion was recovered with HClO⁴ than with NaOH. Combining the adsorption and desorption data of copper and EDTA, and an understanding of the species distribution of copper in the presence of EDTA, the behavior of the adsorption of EDTA-chelated copper on the activated carbon was described. The predominant adsorbed copper species was the chelated form, CuEDTA^2-, which can be adsorbed on activated carbon surfaces with either the Cu end or the EDTA end bonding directly to the surface.     

磁性多壁碳纳米管吸附处理甲基橙模拟废水的研究

对多壁碳纳米管进行纯化处理后采用化学共沉淀法制成磁性多壁碳纳米管(mMWNT),研究了其对甲基橙废水的处理效果,考察了投加量、吸附时间、pH值、温度等因子的影响。结果表明,mMWNT成功负载了Fe3O4和γ-Fe2O3;mMWNTs投加量为6 g/L时甲基橙的去除率可达99.2%;甲基橙去除率随时间呈逐渐增大趋势直至吸附平衡;实验的最佳pH为1时,去除率最高;温度为30℃时,去除率达到80%。mMWNT吸附处理甲基橙模拟废水过程符合准二级吸附动力学方程。     

活性炭纤维在吸附领域的应用

活性炭纤维是一种新型高效吸附材料。本文阐述了活性炭纤维的结构与吸附性能间的关系，并介绍了它在吸附领域的应用。     

活性炭纤维对水中酸性大红的吸附脱色研究

研究了活性炭纤维(ACF)对水中酸性大红的吸附脱色试验。温度为15℃~20℃,滤速为6mL/min时,浓度为12mg/L的酸性大红脱色率达98％以上。活性炭纤维经20次吸附与解吸实验,吸附脱色性能没有明显降低。与颗粒状活性炭(GAC)相比,活性炭纤维吸附脱色酸性大红的吸附量大,可望作为对吸附脱色酸性大红废水的方法。