乙腈法丁二烯抽提装置防自聚改造与工艺优化

影响丁二烯装置长周期运行的最大隐患就是丁二烯聚合物,因此分析了丁二烯的化学性质及自聚的危险性,并针对丁二烯生产工艺特点,提出了防止丁二烯自聚的几点工艺优化措施,保障了丁二烯装置长周期安全平稳运行。     

乳聚丁苯橡胶丁二烯回收系统高负荷生产问题及应对措施

介绍XX石化公司20万t·a-1丁苯橡胶装置单体回收单元丁二烯回收系统的运行情况,该装置自建成投产至今已经连续运行近8 a,长期以来受市场等原因影响一直未满负荷生产,2019年5月该装置首次4条线全部开工投产,但在夏季高温高负荷生产过程中陆续暴露出影响装置安全稳定运行的诸多问题.在装置长周期运行的基础上,根据丁苯橡胶装置实际生产经验,结合长期以来高负荷生产中出现的问题,分析了丁苯橡胶装置4条线夏季高温高负荷生产中丁二烯回收系统、压缩机工作液系统安全运行等问题和产生原因,并提出了防范措施.     

浮阀塔盘在脱阻聚剂塔的应用及对系统自聚的抑制

应用ADV高效微分浮阀塔盘技术对脱阻聚剂塔进行改造,实现了该塔在80 dt/a橡胶装置改扩项目的产能目标和长周期安全、无故障运行,抑制了脱阻聚剂塔气相水冷器丁二烯端聚物的形成及对冷换设备的严重破坏,探讨了ADV高效微分浮阀塔盘改造与气相水冷器运行的关系.     

抑制1，3-丁二烯自聚合延长精馏系统运行周期

1,3-丁二烯自聚合问题一直是影响丁二烯抽提装置精馏系统长周期运行的瓶颈问题。结合理论与生产实际,探讨和分析了丁二烯抽提装置精馏系统1,3-丁二烯自聚合类型及聚合机理,以及引起聚合的原因。并针对分析出的引起1,3-丁二烯聚合的主要原因,找到相应的抑制自聚合的方法,并采取相应的措施,以延长丁二烯抽提装置精馏系统运行周期。     

顺丁橡胶装置丁二烯系统氧含量的控制

通过对大庆石化公司顺丁橡胶装置生产过程的实践和分析,提出几种降低丁二烯系统氧含量的工艺方法和控制手段。从而减少丁二烯系统自聚物的生成,提高装置运行的安全性和稳定性,为装置的长周期运行提供有力保障。     

丁二烯聚合因素分析及预防措施

丁二烯聚合是影响装置运行质量的关键因素。分析了影响丁二烯聚合的因素，提出了通过控制系统中的氧及铁锈、减少设备管线死角、按量按点注入阻聚剂、采用新型阻聚剂和严格控制工艺操作条件等方法预防丁二烯聚合，保证装置的长周期运行，保证产品质量，杜绝安全事故的发生。     

防丁二烯端基聚合技术的应用

通过对丁二烯端基聚合物的形成机理的研究,对现有丁二烯抽提一套和二套装置的长周期经验进行总结,在新建的丁二烯三套装置时考虑了丁二烯发生端基聚合的不利因素,应用防丁二烯端基聚合技术,采取适当的阻聚技术措施,为建成长周期装置打基础,实现装置开工后的安全、稳定、长周期生产。     

丁二烯抽提装置汽提塔存在的问题及原因分析

乙腈法丁二烯抽提装置萃取系统聚合是影响生产装置长周期运行的关键问题之一。介绍了中韩(武汉)石油化工有限公司2#丁二烯抽提装置萃取系统汽提塔C-102运行存在的问题，分析确定了塔盘堵塞是其主因，并对堵塞部位进行了研究。通过采取相应措施维持改善装置运行状况，提出了避免塔盘堵塞的措施和建议。     

乙腈法丁二烯抽提装置的防聚设计

简述了丁二烯装置自聚物产生的机理及原因。介绍了乙腈法丁二烯抽提装置设计及装置开车过程中采取的防聚合措施。主要从优化工艺条件、控制系统氧气含量、优化阻聚方案、设备选型、管道设计等方面进行了针对性的防聚措施,以保证装置长周期安全运行。     

丁二烯抽提装置自聚物的预防

在不断的实践和探索过程中,对丁二烯自聚物、过氧化物的产生、危害及预防上认识也是逐渐加深的。丁二烯自聚物的存在不仅增大了单体消耗,而且往往堵塞设备、管线、阀门等,影响装置的长周期运行,严重时,会使设备损坏,造成火灾爆炸等恶性事故,对安全生产威胁极大。因此,为了确保安全、稳定、长周期、满负荷生产,必须采取积极措施,防止丁二烯自聚物的形成。本文旨在根据本套装置实际,结合日常生产管理上的一些做法,对长周期开车过程中防止丁二烯自聚物生成的预防做进一步探讨。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。