GC-MS法测定纺织品中77种农药残留量

采用正己烷-乙酸乙酯（1：1）两次超声波提取样品，提取液经氟罗里硅土（Florisil）固相柱净化，浓缩定容后，用气相色谱-质谱仪（GC—MS）测定，外标法定量，选择离子检测进行阳性确证。分析试验的敌敌畏等77种农药添加水平在0．5～2．00mg/kg时，该方法回收率为64．3％-97．9％，精密度为5．43％～13．56％，测定低限为0．02～0．20mg／kg，各项指标均满足有关要求。     

凝胶色谱净化／气相色谱法测定鳗鱼中多种有机磷农药残留量

建立了凝胶色谱技术（GPC）净化,用气相色谱法测定水产品鳗鱼中11种有机磷农药残留量的方法。样品用乙酸乙酯／环己烷溶液（1＋1,V／V）超声提取,GPC净化,收集所需流分,浓缩近干后用乙酸乙酯溶解定容,气相色谱分析。方法检测限（LOQ）为0．01-4）．02mg／kg,方法回收率为76．3％106．8％,相对标准偏差（RSD）为2．3％-15．8％。结果表明,该方法操作简便怏速、灵敏度高,符合实际应用需要。     

纺织品有机氮农药残留量的LC-MS/MS测定法

采用液相色谱-质谱（LC—MS／MS）法测定纺织品及其材料中8种有机氮农药残留量。纺织品试样用甲醇超声波提取，提取液浓缩定容后，用液相色谱-质谱（LC—MS／MS）法测定，外标法定量。采用选择离子进行阳性确证。8种有机氮添加水平在0．5mg/kg～2．00mg/kg时，该方法回收率为84．3％～98．8％，精密度为2．76％～9．32％，方法测定低限为0．10mg／b，各项指标均满足有关要求。     

GPC净化处理在测定拟除虫菊酯残留量中的应用

纺织品试样经正己烷超声波提取，提取液浓缩后用凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）净化，用气相色谱一质谱仪（GC-MSD）测定，外标法定量，采用选择离子检测进行阳性确证。氯氰菊酯等拟除虫菊酯添加水平在0．5—2．00mg／ks时，该方法回收率为80％～102％，精密度为4．88％-9．98％，方法测定低限为0．05mg／kg，各项指标均满足有关要求。     

纺织品中邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂含量的测定

采用固相萃取方法（SPE）净化样品，用GC．MSD法测定及确证纺织材料中邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂含量。纺织材料试样经三氯甲烷超声波提取，提取液浓缩后用固相萃取净化，采用气相色谱-质谱仪（GC-MSD）测定，外标法定量，选择离子监测进行阳性确证。当添加邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂浓度为100～1000mg／kg时，该方法回收率为78％～108％，相对标准偏差为4．26％～9．89％，测定低限为10-50mg／kg，各项指标均满足有关要求。     

大豆中磺酰脲类除草剂残留量的检测

为检测大豆中除草剂的残留量，建立了RP-HPLC和HPLC-MS选择离子监测（SIR）同时检测大豆中10种磺酰脲类除草剂残留量的方法。试样经乙腈提取，正己烷液-液分配，弗罗里硅土填充柱净化，然后采用RP-HPLC-DAD和HPLC-ESI（＋）-MS测定。对HPLC和LC／MS分离条件、试样前处理条件进行了研究和优化。建立的方法简便、快速、灵敏。10种磺酰脲类除草剂HPLC法测定，在0．1-10．01μ/ml范围内线性相关系数为0．9996—0．9997，在0．05—2．00mg／kg浓度范围之间，加标回收率均在69．8％-100．7％，其多次测定的RSD在1．9％-10．4％之间，最低检出限均为20μg／kg。LC-MS法测定在0．025—1．0μg／ml范围内线性相关系数为0．9995—0．9998，在0．02-0．1mg／kg浓度范围之间，加标回收率均在72．1％-98．8％，其多次测定的RSD在0．9％-7．7％之间，最低检出限均低于10μg／kg。本方法可满足进、出口大豆中多种除草剂残留量同时检验的工作需要。     

谷物中6种除草剂的气相色谱检测方法

介绍一种运用毛细管气相色谱法检测谷物中酰胺类除草剂多残留快速测定方法。采用石油醚作为溶剂提取样品中农药，中性氧化铝的层析柱净化，石油醚／乙酸乙酯（9：1，v／v）洗脱。气相色谱（附ECD检测嚣）检测，用保留时间和外标法定性、定量。对大米样品进行添加回收率实验，分别添加0．50mg／kg、0．20mg／kg、0，10mg／kg、0．05mg／kg、0．02mg／kg。添加回收率在86．5％～109．5％之间，变异系数为3．5％8．1％。     

鸡蛋中7种磺胺药物的多残留检测方法研究

本试验研究建立了高效液相色谱法测定鸡蛋中7种磺胺药物（磺胺嘧啶、磺胺二甲基嘧啶、磺胺甲氧哒嗪、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶和磺胺喹恶啉）残留的提取、净化和高效液相色谱分析条件，鸡蛋经二氯甲烷提取、固相萃取、净化处理后上机检测，7种磺胺药物标准曲线的相关系数（R^2）为0．9995～0．9999，在0．05～0．2mg／kg浓度范围内，回收率为73．2％-102．6％，变异系数为1．8％～8．7％。检测限为0．01～0．02mg／kg，定量限低于0．05mg／kg。     

大米中氨基甲酸酯类农药的多残留检测

介绍一种大米中11种氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂及其代谢产物的多残留快速测定方法。乙腈提取样品中农药。氨基固相萃取柱净化，甲醇和二氟甲烷（v／v，1／99）洗脱。液相色谱柱后衍生荧光检测器检测。对大米样品进行添加回收率实验，分别添加0．1mg／kg、0．5mg／kg、2mg／kg，回收率在71．9％-98．2％之间，变异系数为2．78％～10矧名。     

纺织品中五氯苯酚残留量的测定

采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪方法检测纺织品中五氯苯酚（PCP）残留量。样品经碳酸钾溶液和超声波水浴处理溶解后．用乙酸酐乙酰化生成五氯苯酚乙酸酯，降低检测物沸点，再用正己烷萃取浓缩和硫酸钠水溶液净化。采用选择性离子质荷比（m／z）264、266、268监测模式作为阳性结果确证和选择性离子扫描（SIM）定量分析。结果表明：该方法测定不同量的五氯苯酚平均回收率为94．01％～96．99％。相对标准偏差（RSD）3．01％～7．13％，检出低限量为0．05mg／kg。     

Probiotics and prebiotics--perspectives and challenges

Owing to their health benefits, probiotics and prebiotics are nowadays widely used in yogurts and fermented milks, which are leader products of functional foods worldwide. The world market for functional foods has grown rapidly in the last three decades, with an estimated size in 2003 of ca US$ 33 billion, while the European market estimation exceeded US$ 2 billion in the same year. However, the production of probiotics and prebiotics at industrial scale faces several challenges, including the search for economical and abundant raw materials for prebiotic production, the low-cost production of probiotics and the improvement of probiotic viability after storage or during the manufacturing process of the functional food. In this review, functional foods based on probiotics and prebiotics are introduced as a key biotechnological field with tremendous potential for innovation. A concise state of the art addressing the fundamentals and challenges for the development of new probiotic- and prebiotic-based foods is presented, the niches for future research being clearly identified and discussed.     

常用消毒灭菌法及其机理与应用

介绍了采用消毒灭菌方法,有加热消毒法,紫外线辐射法和化学药剂消毒法。常用化学药剂有醛类、含氯消毒剂、醇类消毒剂以及高锰酸钾、生石灰等,阐释了消毒与灭菌两个概念的区别。     

European citizen and consumer attitudes and preferences regarding beef and pork

This paper presents the combined mid-term findings of the consumer research components of two EU Sixth Framework Programme integrated projects concerning meat, ProSafeBeef and Q-PorkChains. The consumer pillar of ProSafeBeef carried out eight focus group discussions in May 2008, in France, Germany, Spain and the UK. Q-PorkChains conducted a large-scale, web-based, consumer survey in January 2008 in Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Greece and Poland. The first project provides a set of qualitative data from a small cohort of focus groups and the second a set of quantitative data from a larger consumer sample. This paper draws together the main findings of both projects and provides a comprehensive overview of European citizens’ and consumers’ attitudes towards and preferences regarding beef and pork. In general, consumers consider meat to be a healthy and important component of the diet. Consumers support the development of technologies that can improve the health attributes of meat products and guarantee eating quality, but they have a negative view of what they see to be excessive manipulation and lack of naturalness in the production and processing of beef products. In the Q-PorkChains study consumer and citizen segments are identified and profiled. Consumer segments were built upon the frequency and variety of pork consumption. The citizen segments were built upon their attitudes towards pig production systems. Overall, the relationship between individuals’ views as citizens and their behaviour as consumers was found to be quite weak and did not appear to greatly or systematically influence meat-buying habits. Future studies in both projects will concentrate on consumers’ acceptance of innovative meat product concepts and products, with the aim of boosting consumer trust and invigorating the European beef and pork industries.     

毛霉型低盐速成豆豉工业化生产工艺与设备

本文介绍了毛霉型低盐速成豆豉的工业化生产工艺及生产线的关键设备。     

原花色素及其开发应用

对原花色素的结构、化学特性、制备、分析方法、应用前景作一综述,并重点讨论其生理功能,为在功能性食品、药物、化妆品等领域的深入研究和开发提供参考。     

组学技术与果蔬采后质量和安全控制

果蔬可以提供营养, 有利于人类健康, 而果蔬的后熟及其与环境的相互作用会影响果蔬采后的质量和安全。对果蔬生物学过程的了解和掌握是减少果蔬采后损失和保障果蔬采后质量和安全的关键。在过去的10多年, 基于组学技术的系统生物学在了解果蔬后熟及其与环境相互作用的分子机制方面得到了越来越多的应用。本文对此做了细致的总结, 指出了存在的不足, 并提出了未来的发展方向。     

天然香精香料与生物技术

天然香精香料是高价值的精细化工产品和食品添加剂,但原料来源有限且提取成本高。利用生物技术生产这类产品具有广阔的前景。简述了发酵工程、酶工程、细胞工程和基因工程在香精香料中的应用,并探讨了生物技术在香精香料中的应用前景。     

益生素、益生菌与结肠癌

介绍了益生素和益生菌及其作用机理。在动物模型中，有大量的数据证实益生素和益生菌能够预防癌症．而在人体内还没有直接实验证据。它们抑制癌症的确切机理目前尚不清楚，其抑制机理可能是：肠道菌群代谢活动的改变，肠道理化环境的改变，潜在的致癌物质的黏附和降解，肠道菌群的改变、抗癌或抗诱变物质的形成、提高宿主的免疫应答、影响宿主的生理活动以及发酵不能被消化的食物并形成有益代谢产物。     

节能节水型印染助剂和设备的现状

从节能、节水、缩短工艺流程和环保的角度出发,介绍了国内外研制开发的一系列新型节能、节水型印染助剂和染整设备。     

Heritability and correlations for body condition score and dairy form within and across lactation and age

The objectives of the current study were to investigate the relationship between body condition score (BCS) and dairy form and changes in genetic parameters for BCS and dairy form within and across lactations and age. Body condition score and dairy form were obtained from the Holstein Association USA, Inc. Records were edited to include those cows classified between 24 and 60 mo of age and between 0 and 335 d in milk (DIM). A minimum of 20 daughters per sire and 15 cows per herd-classification visit were required. The dataset consisted of 135,178 records from 119,215 cows. Repeatability, multiple trait, and random regression models were used to analyze the data. All models included fixed effects for herd-classification visit, age within lactations 1, 2, and 3 or higher, and 5th-order polynomials for DIM. Random effects included sire and permanent environment for all models. Random regression models included age at classification nested within sire or DIM and lactation number nested within sire. Genetic variance for both BCS and dairy form was lowest in early lactation and highest in midlactation. Genetic correlations within and across lactations were high. The genetic correlation between DIM 0 in lactation 1 and DIM 305 in lactation 3 was estimated to be 0.77 for BCS and 0.60 for dairy form. The genetic correlation estimate between 30 mo of age at classification and 50 mo of age at classification was 0.94 for both dairy form and BCS. The repeatability models appeared to generate accurate evaluations for BCS or dairy form at all ages and stages of lactation.