机床丝杠热误差的测量与补偿研究

为了提高数控机床的加工精度,提出了数控机床丝杠的热误差建模和补偿方法。通过分析丝杠的热变形云图得出温度传感器的布置位置。根据温升与误差的关系进行线性拟合建立热误差的数学模型。利用HNC-848数控系统的补偿模块进行参数设置从而实现在线实时补偿。经过激光干涉仪测量验证该补偿方法能够有效地提高机床的加工精度。     

数控机床主轴热变形伪滞后研究及主轴热漂移在机实时补偿

为研究数控机床热变形规律,实现数控机床误差在机实时补偿,进行数控机床主轴热变形理论及试验分析,结果表明,数控机床主轴热变形与主轴温变在距热源约1/3位置存在近似线性关系,即主轴热变形存在伪滞后现象,这一结果为数控机床测温点优化布置及热误差鲁棒建模提供理论依据。为验证机床热变形伪滞后现象,对VM850加工中心主轴热漂移误差在机实时检测并建模,通过自主研发数控机床误差在线实时补偿系统对主轴热漂移误差进行实时补偿,经补偿,机床主轴热漂移误差减少90%以上,有效提高了数控机床主轴精度。     

数控机床温度无线检测与智能补偿系统

数控机床热变形产生的热误差是影响加工精度的重要因素之一,如何有效控制机床热误差是提高数控机床加工精度的关键。在参考国内外相关数控机床热误差补偿的研究基础上,设计了一种新的数控机床温度无线检测及智能补偿系统,并利用BP神经网络建立了数控机床热误差的数学模型。     

数控机床工作台误差综合补偿方法研究

针对由几何误差与热误差引起的数控机床工作台与主轴之间相对位置变动的问题,通过试验分析其在不同温度状态下的误差数据,得到机床工作台平面度误差随热变形保持不变的规律,并提出了一种数控机床工作台平面度误差与主轴热误差的综合补偿方法。该方法通过分别建立工作台平面度误差模型和热误差模型,并运用叠加原理建立综合误差补偿模型,对传统固定单位置点建模补偿方法的原理性缺陷进行了改进。结合机床关键部件的实时温度值和刀具位置的实时坐标值,计算出了全工作台各区域各温度阶段的误差补偿值,进而实现了全工作台主轴轴向综合误差的实时补偿。检验及分析结果表明,相比于传统固定单位置点热误差建模补偿方法,该方法所建模型残余标准差减小约7μm,精度提高比例达到50%;单次最大补偿残差减小约11μm,精度提高比例达到60%,大幅度提高了机床的加工精度。     

基于外部机床坐标系偏移的热误差实时补偿

基于数控系统的外部机床坐标系偏移功能，通过修改数控系统中的PLC程序，将数控机床的热变形误差，即工件与刀具间的相对热运动值读入数控系统，利用外部机床坐标系的偏移而实现热误差的实时补偿，开发研制了高精度、低成本、满足实际要求的热误差实时补偿系统。经实际生产应用，机床的加工精度得到了大幅度提高。     

智能型数控机床多误差动态实时补偿系统及其应用

一、引言 影响数控机床加工精度的关键因素中,几何误差和热误差占到总加工误差的70％以上.提高机床的加工精度可以通过设计和制造途径来消除或减少可能的误差源,但是这种靠提高机床制作精度来满足加工精度要求的方法将使得数控机床的成本非常高.本公司研制的智能型数控机床多误差动态实时补偿系统,采用了软件为主并与硬件相结合的系统集成技术,找出数控机床当前各类误差的变化规律,通过误差建模进行多误差的实时预估,并驱动伺服系统实时修正刀具与工件的相对位置,从而抵消了当前成为问题的原始误差.     

基于逐步回归的机床温度测点优化及热误差建模技术

通过对机床温度测点进行优化,建立其与机床热误差之间的数学模型,对机床热误差进行实时预测与补偿控制,是提高数控机床加工精度的重要途径。为解决现有机床热误差模型预测精度低、鲁棒性差的问题,提出一种基于逐步回归的数控机床温度测点优化方法。通过偏F统计量的检验,在初步建立的回归模型中逐个引入新变量,剔除不显著的老变量,实现温度测点的优化布置,获得数控机床热误差的最优回归模型。将该方法应用于某数控机床,结果表明,基于逐步回归的机床热误差模型,所用温度变量最少,且预测精度最高。     

数控机床全误差模型和误差补偿技术的研究

加工精度是数控机床必须保证的一项性能指标。提高机床精度是先进制造技术的重要课题，有误差避免和误差补偿两种方法。前者使机床造价大幅上升，而且精度的提高也有一定的限度。后者的精度提高几乎没有限制，对数控机床，计算机实时误差补偿技术是一种经济、有效的基本途径。基于多体系统理论，推导了多坐标数控机床，包含几何误差和热误差的全误差模型。文中介绍了坐标数控机床项误差的辨识方法(22线、14线和9线法)，还介绍了回转坐标6项误差的辨识方法。通过软件补偿，在3坐标联动和4坐标联动数控机床上实现了几何误差和热误差的补偿。实践结果表明误差模型的准确性和补偿方法的实用性。     

基于LIBSVM的数控机床热误差建模研究

通过建立数控机床热误差补偿的数学模型是实现机床热误差修正和提高机床精度的有效措施.本文以CL-20A数控车床主轴热变形为实验对象,在大量实验数据的基础上,利用逐步回归分析法找出机床温度敏感点,并采用基于MATLAB平台的支持向量机算法来建立车床主轴热误差数学模型.实验结果表明,所建立的模型能精确把握机床主轴热变形的规律和趋势,对于预测机床主轴热变形,实现实时热补偿具有实用价值.     

数控机床热误差的智能补偿方式及应用

热变形误差是影响数控机床加工精度的重要因素之一,因此减少热变形误差对提高数控机床的加工精度至关重要.以HMC800A立式三轴数控加工中心为对象介绍了热变形误差的测量方法,采用粗集理论的属性简化来建立测温点和热变形误差之间的相关程度从而优化测温点,使输入数据更具合理.运用BP神经网络理论建立了机床热变形误差和温升之间的数学模型,进行研究分析.最后通过MATLAB仿真实验结果表明了补偿效果的可行性.     

Development of thermal error model with minimum number of variables using fuzzy logic strategy

Thermally-induced errors originating from machine tool errors have received significant attention recently because high speed and precise machining is now the principal trend in manufacturing processes using CNC machine tools. Since the thermal error model is generally a function of temperature, the thermal error compensation system contains temperature sensors with the same number of temperature variables. The minimization of the number of variables in the thermal error model can affect the economical efficiency and the possibility of unexpected sensor fault in a error compensation system. This paper presents a thermal error model with minimum number of variables using a fuzzy logic strategy. The proposed method using a fuzzy logic strategy does not require any information about the characteristics of the plant contrary to numerical analysis techniques, but the developed thermal error model guarantees good prediction performance. The proposed modeling method can also be applied to any type of CNC machine tool if a combination of the possible input variables is determined because the error model parameters are only calculated mathematically based on the number of temperature variables.     

Improving the machine accuracy through machine tool metrology and error correction

Improving both the positioning accuracy and contouring accuracy of a vertical machining centre has been studied by using a machine tool metrology and in-house error correction techniques. Contouring errors caused by the servo lag and friction of servomechanisms were measured by the circular test and then reduced by off-line parameter tuning of the CNC and servo-driver. The quasistatic thermal errors were predicted online using a neural network based model which was calibrated in advance via a quick set-up and multiple-error measurement system consisting of a spindle-mounted probe and artifacts. Positioning errors caused by both the static geometric errors and thermal effects were eliminated in real-time by a PC based software error compensation scheme integrated with the CNC controller through digital communication. An error reduction of 70% was achieved after error compensation and CNC tuning.     

Neural network-based modelling and error compensation of thermally-induced spindle errors

This research is concerned with enhancing the accuracy of a machining centre by compensating for thermally induced spindle errors in real-time. A neural network model was developed for on-line thermal error monitoring. A PC-based error compensation scheme was also developed to upgrade a commercial CNC controller for real-time thermal error compensation without any hardware modifications to the machine. The spindle thermal errors of a vertical machining centre were reduced by 70% after compensation.     

基于HEIDENHAIN数控系统主轴轴向热变形补偿技术

分析HEIDENHAIN数控系统实现机床热变形误差补偿的原理,介绍将其应用于数控机床主轴轴向热变形误差补偿的方法和步骤,以及一种自行设计PLC控制程序,识别温度变化过程,自动计算补偿值的原理和方法。经过在某大型加工中心上应用验证,证实基于数控系统的主轴轴向热变形补偿具有显著效果,并且通过识别温度变化过程控制补偿值计算方法具有更加稳定的效果。     

精密数控机床主轴热伸长补偿技术研究

针对目前精密数控机床热误差补偿问题,在基于主轴热误差测量系统的基础上,提出一种基于FCM聚类、多元线性回归的热误差补偿模型。通过对某卧式加工中心主轴恒定转速和变速工况下进行温敏点测量,建立关键温敏点与机床主轴热伸长的几何关系,通过补偿结果和切削试验表明该方法可以有效地降低主轴热伸长误差,提升零件的加工精度。     

An integrated error compensation method based on on-machine measurement for thin web parts machining

Thin webs are widely used in the aerospace industry for the advantages of compact structure, light weight and high strength-to-weight ratio. Due to its low rigidity, serious machining error may occur, therefore, Finite Element method and mechanism analysis are usually utilized to modeling its deformation. However, they are very time-consuming and only suitable for elastic deformation error. In this study, an integrated error compensation method is proposed based on on-machine measurement (OMM) inspection and error compensation. The OMM inspection is firstly applied to measure the comprehensive machining errors. The Hampel filtering is then used to eliminate outliers, followed by the triangulation-based cubic interpolation as well as a machine learning algorithm which are used to establish the compensation model. At last, the real time compensation of high-density cutting points is realized by developing the compensation system based on External Machine Zero Point Shift (EMZPS) function of machine tool. Three sets of machining experiment of a typical thin web part are conducted to validate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method. Experiment results revealed that after compensation, the comprehensive machining errors were controlled under different machining conditions and 58.1%, 68.4% and 62.6% of the machining error ranges were decreased, respectively. This method demonstrates immense potential for further applications in efficiency and accuracy improvement of thin-walled surface parts.     

A new approach to thermally induced volumetric error compensation

A traditional model for thermally induced volumetric error of a three-axis machine tool requires measurement of 21 geometric error components and their variation data at different temperatures. Collecting these data is difficult and time consuming. This paper describes the development of a new model for calculating thermally induced volumetric error based on the variation of three error components only. The considered error components are the three axial positioning errors of a machine tool. They are modelled as functions of ball-screw nut temperature and travel distance to predict positioning errors when the thermal condition of the machine tool has changed due to continuous usage. It is assumed that the other 18 error components remain identical to the pre-calibrated cold start values. This assumption is justified by the fact that the machine tool’s thermal status significantly affects three axial positioning errors that dominate machining errors for a machine tool after its continuous use. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model two types of machining jobs, milling and drilling, on a three-axis horizontal CNC machining centre are simulated and the machined part profiles are predicted. The results show that the thermally induced volumetric error was reduced from 115.40 to 45.37?μm for the milled surface, and the maximum distance error between drilled holes for the drilling operation was reduced from 38.69 to ?0.14?μm after compensation.