在铁水预处理中CaO-Fe2O3-CaF2基粉剂脱磷工艺和影响因素的探讨

研究了CaO-Fe2O3-CaF2基粉剂在铁水预处理中的脱磷效果，对该渣重要性能指数Cao/Fe2O3及助熔剂含量对经的影响进行了实验室研究，对宝钢二炼钢铁水预处理工艺影响CaO-Fe2O3-CaF2基粉剂脱磷率的因素进行了探讨，工业实际操作中，脱磷前硅含量，铁水温度，铁水中硫含量都会影响脱磷率。     

高磷铁水预处理脱磷动力学模型研究

针对铁水预处理工艺并基于喷粉冶金原理,建立了高磷铁水预处理脱磷动力学模型。通过将实验室试验结果与模型计算结果对照,验证了模型的有效性,并应用模型计算分析了熔渣脱磷能力和工艺条件对脱磷效果的影响。结果表明:铁水温度控制在1 350℃、渣中w(CaO)控制在50%、高磷铁水预处理的初始w(P)为0.35%、w(FeO)为5%左右,碱度为3具有较强的脱磷能力。     

转炉铁水预处理脱磷的影响因素

 基于炉外铁水深度预脱硫+转炉铁水预脱磷的铁水预处理工艺是当今低磷或超低磷钢冶炼的重要工艺平台,其中转炉铁水预处理脱磷是关键的技术环节。以国内“双联转炉炼钢法”预脱磷炉实践为出发点,在实验室高温炉上通过顶加脱磷剂、浸入吹氧进行了铁水模拟转炉预脱磷影响因素的试验研究,比较了铁水温度、铁水初始硅质量分数w(Si)_i、脱磷渣碱度、供氧制度、搅拌强度、萤石加入量对脱磷效率的影响。结果表明,各因素对脱磷率影响的顺序为铁水温度＞w(Si)_i＞供氧制度＞脱磷渣碱度、搅拌强度＞萤石加入量;适宜的工艺参数为铁水温度为1 300 ℃,w(Si)_i 为0.10%～0.26%或低于0.30%,脱磷渣碱度为2.9～3.0,供氧制度中气氧与固氧各占50%或固氧稍偏多,维持较高的搅拌强度;转炉内铁水预脱磷处理可不加萤石。     

CaO-BaCO3-CaF2-Cr2O3渣系18-8不锈钢氧化脱磷的研究

在实验室硅钼高温炉于1 550 ℃用CaO-BaCO3-CaF2-Cr2O3渣系对成分(%)为C0.5～2.5,Si＜0.1,Cr18,Ni9,P～0.05的18-8奥氏体不锈钢水进行了氧化脱磷试验.试验结果表明,当钢水中初始碳含量由0.5%增至2.5%时,脱磷率由～5%提高到30%以上,钢水的脱磷率随渣中BaCO3/CaO的增加而提高;为使钢水达到30%以上的脱磷率,脱磷剂中CaO含量最大可达35%,Al2O3含量应低于3%.     

B2O3替代CaF2铁水预处理脱磷的热力学研究

通过MoSi管式高温炉在1450℃下研究了用0～8%B_2O_3替代40%CaO-52%Fe_2O_3铁水预处理渣中0～8%CaF_2的含量,对初始硅含量为0.61%,初始磷含量0.06%～0.09%的铁水脱磷效果。实验结果表明,B_2O_3替换CaF_2后,预处理脱磷渣氧化性增加,铁水的脱磷率大于80%,渣的磷容量略有降低,从9.35×10~(21)变化到7.48×10~(21),可以满足预处理脱磷的要求。     

预熔脱磷剂进行铁水脱磷的实验研究

在实验室条件下,以CaO-Fe2O3-CaF2为预熔脱磷剂的主要渣系,对预熔脱磷剂的配比关系、加入量、处理温度、初始铁水磷含量以及预熔渣粒度进行了研究.结果发现:在1 350℃条件下,w(CaO)/w(Fe2O3)约取1.0,在加入量为10%的预熔脱磷剂能将铁水中的磷降低到0.0079%,脱磷率为96.24%,且初始铁水磷含量以及预熔渣粒度对脱磷率影响不大.     

Na2O对高磷硅锰合金脱磷的影响

 为研究碱性渣中添加Na2O对硅锰合金脱磷的影响,在1 400 ℃,采用含有少量Na2O的CaO-SiO2-CaF2碱性渣对[w(P)]为0.95%的高磷硅锰合金进行了脱磷热力学试验。重点研究了渣中添加Na2O对渣金间磷分配比[(LP)、]磷容量[(CP)]以及Na2O替代CaO时渣系碱度对磷分配比的影响。研究结果表明,脱磷渣的磷分配比和磷容量随[w(Na2O)]的增加而增加,当终渣中[w(Na2O)]大于1.75%时,磷分配比和磷容量基本保持不变。随着Na2O替代CaO质量分数的增加,磷分配比逐渐增加;当Na2O替代CaO的量超过3.19%时,渣中的[O2－]浓度达到饱和,磷分配比基本保持不变。     

苏打脱磷剂冲罐法铁水脱磷

 为研究铁水冲罐法对铁水预处理脱磷效果的影响,向放有一定量苏打的铁水罐中倒入铁水进行铁水脱磷工业试验研究。考察了铁水中Si、Ti浓度、铁水温度以及苏打添加量对脱磷率的影响,并比较了钙系脱磷剂与苏打的脱磷效果。结果表明：铁水中低的硅、钛浓度、低温以及适当的苏打消耗量有助于脱磷;与钙系脱磷剂只有一定的脱磷能力相比,苏打有较强的脱磷和脱硫能力;同时考察了氧气对苏打脱磷效果的影响,向铁水表面喷吹氧气可以减少铁水温降,为铁水的二次预处理提供温降空间,采用苏打铁水二次脱磷后,得到了w［P］＜0.010%的铁水;还考察了苏打脱磷过程中w［Cr］、w［V］和w［C］的变化,铁水中铬浓度几乎不变,钒几乎全部被氧化进入渣中,而碳浓度大约减小了0.2%(质量分数,下同)。     

环保型高磷铁水预脱磷渣的脱磷性能研究

实验室条件下采用间接测量法,测定了CaF2系和B2O3系脱磷渣的磷分配.即首先测量磷在液态渣和固态铁间的分配比,再通过计算得到磷在液态渣和铁水之间分配比,同时根据渣系成分和光学碱度计算了磷容量.同时采用了扫描电镜、能谱分析与X射线衍射分析技术对脱磷渣进行了研究.实验结果表明,B2O3系预脱磷渣的磷容量远大于CaF2系预脱磷渣的磷容量,因此可以用B2O3全部替代CaF2作为助熔剂进行高磷铁水的预脱磷处理,2种渣系的磷分配均随渣中有效CaO含量的升高而升高.用B2O3作为助熔剂时,B2O3能与渣中高熔点物质2CaO·SiO2和3CaO·P2O5反应生成低熔点物质,从而起到助熔的作用.且w(B2O3)/w(CaO)比值为0.16时,磷分配比为最高值,即该渣脱磷能力最强.     

铁水氧势对铁水预处理脱硅脱磷的影响

在实验室条件下,利用Ｆｅ２Ｏ３－ＣａＯ－ＣａＦ２渣系研究了在高炉铁水预处理过程中铁水氧势对脱硅、脱磷效果的影响,根据铁水的氧势分析了伴随铁水预处理脱硅过程发生的脱磷反应,研究了铁水初始硅含量对脱磷效果的作用。结果表明,在１６２３Ｋ温度和初始硅含量为０．３０％的条件下,将铁水氧势控制在（１．６４－３．２６）＊１０＾－４％范围,可获得终点硅含量为０．１４４％－０．０９０％的脱硅效果;对初始硅含量小于０．１５％的铁水,在１５７３Ｋ温度下,将铁水氧势控制在１．７＊１０＾－４％以上,可获得大于８５％的脱磷率,而在１６２３Ｋ温度下,铁水氧势高于５．５＊１０＾－４％才能获得约８０％的脱磷率,脱磷终点铁水磷含量较高。比较脱硅和脱磷过程,确认铁水脱磷预处理和最佳初硅含量为０．１０％－０．１５％。     

CaO—Fe2O3—CaF2铁水预处理脱磷熔剂的研究

在实验室小型实验炉内进行了铁水预处理脱磷的实验研究,渣的主要组元为CaO-Fe2O3-CaF2,研究了铁液中原始硅含量对脱磷率的影响。同时实验研究添加Na2CO3、BaO和助熔剂CaCl2对脱磷率的影响。     

液渣成分和硅酸二钙颗粒含量对铁水预处理非均相脱磷剂脱磷能力的影响简

 高磷铁水预处理脱磷的难题是脱磷剂用量太大、温降太多，急需研究脱磷能力强的脱磷剂。含有固体颗粒和液渣的非均相脱磷剂比仅含液渣的均相脱磷剂的脱磷能力强很多。为此，针对磷的质量分数为0. 5%的高磷铁水，应用FactSageTM热力学软件优选出脱磷能力强的3种液渣，添加不同数量的硅酸二钙颗粒配制非均相脱磷剂试样，脱磷剂和熔铁在1560℃下反应6h，测定熔铁中的平衡磷含量，用以评价其脱磷能力，然后在1400℃下进行了铁水脱磷预处理试验。研究结果表明，随着硅酸二钙颗粒含量的增加，非均相脱磷剂的脱磷能力明显改善；采用非均相脱磷剂有助于减少渣量和控制反应器内衬的侵蚀；采用非均相脱磷剂对铁水脱磷，仍然需要控制较高的渣铁界面FetO浓度。     

Synthesis of Al2O3/TiCN-0.2%Y2O3 Composite by Hot Pressing

Al2O3/TiCN composites were synthesized by hot pressing.The influences of components and HP temperature on mechanical properties,such as bending strength,breaking tenacity and Vickers hardness were investigated.The results showed that the mechanical properties of Al2O3/TiCN composite increased with temperature when hot pressing temperature is below 1650 ℃.The mechanical properties reached their maximums when the composites were sintered at 1650 ℃ for 30 min under hot pressing pressure of 35 MPa,the value of bending strength,breaking tenacity and Vickers hardness was 1015 MPa,6.89 MPa·m1/2,and 20.82 MPa,respectively.When hot pressing temperature was above 1650 ℃,density decreased because of decomposition with increased temperature,and mechanical properties dropped because of rapid growth of grains in size at high temperature.Microstructure analysis showed that the addition of Y2O3 led to the formation of YAG phase so as to inhibit the growth of crystals.This helped to improve breaking tenacity of the composites.TiCN particles with diameters of 1 μm dispersed at Al2O3 grain boundaries,inhibited grain growth and enhanced mechanical properties of the composites.SEM study of the propagation of indentation cracks showed that the bridge linking behavior between matrix and strengthening phase might lead to the formation of the coexisted field of crack deflection,branching and bridge linking.The mechanism of this phenomenon was that the addition of Y2O3 improved the dispersion of TiCN particles so as to enhance the tenacity of the composites.The breaking tenacity was changed from 5.94 to 6.89 MPa·m1/2.     

CaC2-CaF2渣系对铁水脱砷的研究

采用CaC₂-CaF₂渣系作为脱砷剂,在实验室范围内进行了铁水还原脱砷的研究。
实验是在钼丝炉内,Ar气氛下,石墨坩埚中进行的。研究了温度、渣成份、渣量、初砷含量和铁水含si量等因素对脱神效率的影响。
通过热力学分析说明了在钢铁溶液中,只能还原脱砷而不能氧化脱砷;用CaO-CaF₂、CaC₂-CaF₂渣系对铁水同时脱硫脱磷脱砷是不可能的。     

精炼渣中Al2O3含量对弹簧钢中夹杂物的影响

利用Factsage热力学软件,探讨Al₂O₃含量对CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃-MgO系及CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃-MnO系相图低熔点区域的影响,可知在Al₂O₃含量（质量分数）为15%时,对应的各相图中低熔点区域面积所占百分数最大;通过研究Al₂O₃含量对弹簧钢中夹杂物的影响,表明随着精炼渣中Al₂O₃含量增加,钢中带有棱角的Al₂O₃夹杂物增多,钢中夹杂物分布变得相对集中.在碱度为1.2,Al₂O₃含量为8%时,可将夹杂物控制在相图的低熔点区域内,此时对应夹杂物形貌多为球形,且尺寸约为5μm.     

返回转炉钢渣对铁水脱硅、脱磷的影响

在实验室条件下，模拟转炉钢渣的组成，利用CaO-SiO2-Fe2O3-MnO2-MgO-P2O5-Al2O3-CaF2系熔剂对铁水进行预处理，研究了转炉钢渣组成和渣中添加BaO对铁水脱硅和脱磷的影响。结果表明，通过控制转炉钢渣的组成可获得约75％的脱硅率和80％左右的脱磷率。脱硅过程伴随有铁水的回磷反应。随Fe2O3含量增加，回磷率提高，最大回磷率可达22．5％。此外，分析了铁水回磷原因和防止回磷的，发现使用添加BaO的转炉钢渣对脱硅后的铁水进行脱磷处理，当BaO添加量控制在15％－20％范围内时，可明显提高铁水的脱磷率。     

低碱度渣铁水预处理脱磷研究

低碱度渣铁水预处理脱磷的一个主要特点是形成高氧势、低碱度炉渣.实验选用炉渣碱度1.3～1.8,(ω)(TFe)为20%～25%,底搅强度大于0.20 m3/(min·t),对4.0%(ω)(C)-(0.1%～0.3%)(ω)(P)-0.4%(ω)(Si)的铁水进行铁水脱磷预处理.实验表明,低碱度渣能稳定获得200左右的脱磷分配比,脱磷率大于90%.同时对供氧参数和底吹强度对低碱度渣脱磷的影响进行了相应的讨论.     

Dephosphorization Kinetics of Hot Metal at Low Slag Basicity and Low Temperature under the Different Fe2O3 Addition Amounts

In this article, the influence of the Fe₂O₃ addition amount on the dephosphorization kinetics of hot metal at the low slag basicity (CaO/SiO₂) of about 1.6 and low temperature of 1623 K is investigated with laboratorial experiments and the kinetic model. Si and P contents in the hot metal during the whole dephosphorization process, and the endpoint FeO content in the slag, show good agreements between the calculated results with the kinetic model and experimental results. The peak value of dephosphorization rate linearly increases from 8.35 × 10⁻⁵ to 4.52 × 10⁻⁴ mass% s⁻¹ when the weight ratio of Fe₂O₃ is increased from 5 to 10/100 g hot metal. With the increase in Fe₂O₃ addition amount, the mass transfer coefficient in the hot metal phase (k_m) and that in the slag phase (k_s) and dephosphorization rate constant (k) all increase. The value of k_m is found to be 4.34 times that of k_s. During the dephosphorization process, the rate-controlling step converts from the mass transfer in slag phase to the mass transfer in hot metal phase in less than 10 min. With the increase in Fe₂O₃ addition amount, the value of interfacial oxygen activity of $a_{\mathrm{O}}^{*}$ increases from 0.0102 to 0.0201.     

Study on Kinetic Model for Dephosphorization of High-Phosphorus Hot Metal Pretreatment

Focused on the hot metal pretreatment process in the torpedo-car and based on the powder injection metallurgy principle, a kinetic model for dephosphorization of high-phosphorus hot metal pretreatment was developed. The validity of this model was verified by comparison between the experimental results in laboratory and the calculated results. The influences of dephosphorization capacity of molten slag and technological conditions on the dephosphorization efficiency were calculated by applying the model. The results show that lower temperatures are favorable to dephosphorization, CaO content in slag should be controlled at about 50%, suitable initial phosphorus content in the hot metal with higher phosphorus contents is about 0.35% by comprehensively considering various factors, slag systems of higher iron oxide content and higher basicity have higher capacity of dephosphorization.