POE-g-MAH对PA66/纳米TiO_2复合材料力学性能及相容性的影响

采用熔融共混法制备了尼龙(PA)66/马来酸酐接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE-g-MAH)/纳米TiO2复合材料,通过万能材料试验机、冲击试验机、熔体流动速率(MFR)测试仪等研究了POE-g-MAH对复合材料力学性能及MFR的影响,利用Molau实验和FSEM考察了POE-g-MAH与PA66的相容性。结果显示,POE-g-MAH与PA66基体有很好的相容性;随着POE-g-MAH用量的增加,PA66/POE-g-MAH/纳米TiO2复合材料的缺口冲击强度逐渐增加,拉伸强度、弯曲强度、拉伸弹性模量及MFR逐渐降低;当POE-g-MAH质量分数为12%时,复合材料的综合性能最佳,缺口冲击强度、拉伸强度、弯曲强度、拉伸弹性模量和MFR分别为20.89kJ/m2,41.15MPa,64.2MPa,1428.15MPa和19.2g/(10min)。     

PP/无机纳米粒子/POE-g-MAH三元复合材料的研究

采用熔融共混法分别制备了PP/纳米SiO2/POE-g-MAH和PP/纳米TiO2/POE-g-MAH两种复合材料;通过力学性能测试和SEM照片研究了其力学性能及微观形态结构。结果表明:纳米SiO2和纳米TiO2对PP/POE-g-MAH复合材料具有增强增韧作用,在POE-g-MAH的用量为5%、纳米粒子的用量为2%时,PP/无机纳米粒子/POE-g-MAH复合材料的综合力学性能达到最佳;SEM分析表明,该复合材料在断裂过程中发生塑性变形,因而韧性较佳;由DSC分析可知,纳米SiO2、TiO2均对PP基体有异相成核作用,此作用随POE-g-MAH的加入得到进一步促进。     

刚性粒子协同增韧PP基复合材料的研究

研究了有机刚性粒子PA6和无机刚性粒子纳米TiO2对PP基复合材料的协同增韧作用.通过力学性能测试,SEM和DSC分析,对PP基复合材料的微观结构和性能进行了系统的研究.研究结果表明:质量分数为8%的PA6和1%纳米TiO2对PP基复合材料有较好的协同效应.SEM分析得出复合材料PP/PA6/POE-g-MAH/纳米TiO2在断裂过程中发生塑性变形,其韧性较好.DSC分析得出PA6和纳米TiO2对PP基体均有异相成核作用.     

BP神经网络在PP/POE-g-MAH/PP增韧PA6研究中的应用

采用均匀设计法和BP神经网络研究了聚丙烯（PP）/马来酸酐接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物（POE-g-MAH）对聚酰胺6（PA6）的增韧作用,并在此基础上建立了PA6/（PP/POE-g-MAH）复合材料中各组分含量与复合材料冲击强度关系的3层BP神经网络预测模型。结果表明,该模型和实验结果基本吻合,可信度较高;当POE-g-MAH含量为14.00 %（质量分数,下同）、PP含量为9.00 %时,PA6的缺口冲击强度达到92.12 kJ/m2。     

制备工艺对PP/PA6/无机纳米粒子复合材料力学性能的影响

在PP/PA6基体中分别添加两种无机纳米粒子(SiO2,TiO2)和5%的接枝POE作为相容剂。采用三种不同的共混工艺制备PP/PA6/纳米粒子复合材料,并对其性能进行了对比分析。通过力学性能测试和SEM照片观测分析了影响复合材料力学性能的因素。结果表明:分步法的制备工艺能够明显提高PP/纳米粒子复合材料的综合力学性能,改善分散相的相容性。并且研究发现:在PP/PA6中添加相同质量分数的纳米TiO2的综合力学性能要优于纳米SiO2。     

马来酸酐含量及制备工艺对PA6/POE-g-MAH/Nano-CaCO3复合材料形态及力学性能的影响

通过改变共混物中乙烯辛烯共聚物（POE）与马来酸酐接枝POE（POE-g-MAH）的比例,研究了MAH含量对聚酰胺6（PA6）/POE/POE-g-MAH/纳米碳酸钙（nano-CaCO3）复合材料的微观结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明,MAH含量较高时,POE-g-MAH与PA6基体的相容性好,复合材料的冲击强度最高;制备工艺对复合材料的形态及力学性能有很大影响,采用两步法制备的复合材料中nano-CaCO3分散效果更好,其增容作用使弹性体分散相直径增大约100 nm,冲击强度较一步法提高21 %。     

PA6/POE-g-MAH/纳米SiO2复合材料的形态和力学性能

研究了纳米SiO2和马来酸酐接枝POE(POE-g-MAH)对PA6/POE-g-MAH/纳米SiO2复合材料形态和力学性能的影响.结果表明,纳米SiO2含量小于或等于1份时,只有少量团聚;超过1份后,纳米SiO2有明显团聚现象;纳米SiO2和POE-g-MAH具有一定的协同增韧作用,在PA6/POE-g-MAH/纳米SiO2质量比为85/15/1时,复合材料的冲击强度达到最大,为PA6的10倍;复合材料的低温冲击强度也得到明显提高,达到PA6的3.3倍.     

POE-g-MAH对PP/PA6共混体系形态结构与力学性能的影响

研究了乙烯-辛烯共聚物接枝马来酸酐(POE-g-MAH)作为相容剂对PP/PA6共混体系相容性、形态结构和宏观力学性能的影响.研究结果表明在PP/PA6共混体系中加入相容剂POE-g-MAH,不仅能够显著改善PP/PA6共混物的相容性,明显降低分散相的粒径,而且能够使PP/PA6共混物在保持较高的拉伸强度和弹性模量的同时,大幅度地提高共混物的缺口冲击强度和断裂伸长率,与纯PP相比提高幅度分别达到198.3%和778.8%.POE-g-MAH增容PP/PA6共混体系的非等温结晶行为的研究表明,PA6作为成核剂使PP的结晶温度提高,POE-g-MAH的加入能进一步促进PA6对PP基体的异相成核作用.     

相容剂对PP/PA6/nano-CaCO_3三元复合材料性能的影响

分别以PP-g-MAH和POE-g-MAH为相容剂,制备了聚丙烯/尼龙6/纳米碳酸钙(PP/PA6/nano-CaCO3)三元复合材料。研究了不同相容剂对PP/PA6/nano-CaCO3复合材料力学性能和微观结构的影响,确定了最佳相容剂及其用量。结果表明:相容剂对PP/PA6/nano-CaCO3复合材料具有良好的界面改性效果,其中POE-g-MAH的改性效果较佳。     

马来酸酐接枝物对PE/PA6共混物相容性的影响

采用熔融共混法制备了PP/PA6/POE-g-MAH和PP/PA6/PP-g-MAH共混物。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、差示扫描量热(DSC)仪分析和力学性能测试研究了增容剂POE-g-MAH和PP-g-MAH对PP/PA6共混物相容性、形态结构和宏观力学性能的影响。结果表明,在PP/PA6共混体系中分别加入POE-g-MAH和PP-g-MAH不仅能显著改善两相界面的相容性,减小分散相的粒径,而且能使共混物的力学性能显著提高。当增容剂的用量为5份时,PP/PA6共混物有较好的综合力学性能。POE-g-MAH和PP-g-MAH增容PP/PA6共混体系非等温结晶行为的研究表明,POE-g-MAH和PP-g-MAH均能促进PA6对PP基体的异相成核作用。     

Polymorphism of LiGa5O8 and of LiGa5O8-MgGa2O4Solid Solutions

High-temperature X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analyses showed that LiGa₅O₈ exists in two polymorphs related by the first-order transition at 1138°±3°C of the low-temperature simple-cubic form, space group (probably) O⁷, to the high-temperature spinel (fcc) form, space group O _h ⁷. The transition is rapid, and the high-temperature form in pure LiGa₅O₈ could not be quenched to room temperature under the conditions used. However, the high-temperature polymorph can be quenched under equilibrium conditions when 40 mol% or more MgGa₂O₄ is present. The subsolidus equilibrium relations in the system MgGa₂O₄-LiGa₅O₈ are discussed.     

Magnetoresistance of CuxCo1-xFe2O4 Ferrites

Magnetoresistance measurements (Δ/R) were carried out on Cu _x Co_{1- x} Fe₂O₄ samples with x =1, 0.75, 0.50, 0.25 and cobalt ferrite in the range of magnetic intensity (H) from 1.0 to 4.5 kG. Linear plots were obtained between log (Δ/R) and log H for all compositions except that of cobalt ferrite. The values of n at x =0.5 do not agree with the results of some authors. The discrepancy may be attributed to the value of magnetic field intensity at which such measurements were carried out. The similarity of features of n and μ_D with composition leads us to believe that the magnetoresistance may arise from the scattering of conduction electrons by localized electrons involving the s-d exchange interaction.     

Sintering of Si3N4-Y2O3-Al2O3

Sintering kinetics of the system Si₃N4-Y2O₃-Al₂O3 were determined from measurements of the linear shrinkage of pressed disks sintered isothermally at 1500° to 1700°C. Amorphous and crystalline Si₃N₄ were studied with additions of 4 to 17 wt% Y₂O₃ and 4 wt% A1₂O₃. Sintering occurs by a liquid-phase mechanism in which the kinetics exhibit the three stages predicted by Kingery's model. However, the rates during the second stage of the process are higher for all compositions than predicted by the model. X-ray data show the presence of several transient phases which, with sufficient heating, disappear leaving mixtures of β ' -Si₃N₄ and glass or β '-Si₃N₄, α '-Si₃N₄, and glass. The compositions and amounts of the residual glassy phases are estimated.     

Expansive properties of the mixture C4ASH12 − 2CS III. Effects of temperature and restraint

The effects of temperature and restraint upon the hydration and the expansion of $\text{C}{}_4\text{A}\text{S}\text{H}{}_{12}\text{? 2}\text{C}\text{S}$ mixture compacts in different contact solutions have been investigated. Temperatures above 20°C do apparently hinder the formation of an impervious felt-like layer of ettringite around the $\text{C}{}_4\text{A}\text{S}\text{H}{}_{12}$ particles, thus greatly reducing the retarding effect of the lime. An uniaxial restraint of 1 Kg/cm² is enough to reduce sensibly the expansions which remain however high (about 100%). The results can be satisfactorily interpreted by the reaction and expansion mechanism hypothesized in our previous papers.     

Preparation and properties of poly(Nε,Nε-dicarboxymethyl-l-lysine)

A new ampholytic homopolypeptide, $\text{poly}\text{(N}{}^{\mathrm{\epsilon }}\text{,N}{}^{\mathrm{\epsilon }}\text{-}\text{dicarboxy-methyl-}\text{l}\text{-lysine}\text{)}$, which has one tertiary amino and two carboxyl groups in the side chain has been derived from a hydrochloride salt of poly(L-lysine). The polymer in aqueous solution seems to be in the coil form with locally extended structure (LES) at neutral pH. In both the acidic and alkaline regions, the molar ellipticity of the polymer changes as a result of change in net charge on the side chain. The conformational changes may be from the coil with LES to other coiled forms. 5–7 M NaClO₄ and 80% aqueous methanol induce the α-helix in the polymer at neutral pH. Divalent cations, Cu²⁺ and Ca²⁺, do not induce any remarkably ordered structures such as α-helix or β-structure in the polymer in aqueous solution at any pH. Ultraviolet absorption studies show an absorption peak of the polymer-Cu²⁺ complex near 240 nm. Dependence of the peak intensity on pH at various q values ($\text{q =}\text{[}\text{Cu}{}^{\mathrm{2+}}\text{]}\text{[}\text{residue}\text{]}$) indicates the two steps of the complex formation. At q less than 0.64, the formation is described only with the first step. An average coordination number for Cu²⁺ at the first step was calculated to be about 2 by the method of Mandel and Leyte. The association constant of Cu²⁺ with the residue at the step was determined from the absorption data to be far smaller than that for the Cu²⁺-EDTA complex. The second step of the formation occurs in the case of large q but the absorption data for the second step cannot be obtained exactly due to precipitation.     

Raman Study of Glasses of Ba2TiSi2O8 and Ba2TiGe2O8

Raman spectra are reported for fresnoite (Ba₂Ti(Si,Ge)₂O₈ glasses, and comparison is made between the Raman spectra of the corresponding crystalline powders and glasses of Ba₂TiSi₂O₈ and Ba₂TiGe₂O₈. The Ba₂TiGe₂O₈ glass spectra show correspondence with the Ba₂TiGe₂O₈ crystalline Raman spectra; the v _s(Ge–O–Ge) mode occurs at 518 cm⁻¹ in the glass and at 521 cm⁻¹ in the crystalline material. Five-fold coordinated titanium is the majority species present in the Ba₂TiGe₂O₈ glass as revealed by a strong band at 824 cm⁻¹ in the I glass spectrum. The Ba₂TiSi₂O₈ glass spectra are similar to the Ba₂TiSi₂O₈ crystalline spectrum; the strongest band is found at 836 cm⁻¹ in the I glass spectrum. Through comparison with the previous Raman data of other titania silicate glasses, we conclude that the Ba₂TiSi₂O₈ glass has a structure similar to the crystalline phase.     

Effects of metal-support interactions on the hydrogenation of CO over PdSiO2 and PdLa2O3

A study of CO hydrogenation over $\text{Pd}\text{SiO}{}_2$ and $\text{Pd}\text{La}{}_2\text{O}{}_3$ has been carried out for the purpose of identifying the effects of Pd dispersion, Pd morphology, and support composition on the catalytic activity of supported Pd. The specific activity of each catalyst for methanol and methane synthesis was determined from microreactor studies carried out at a fixed set of reaction conditions. Palladium dispersion was measured by H₂O₂ titration, and the morphology of the Pd crystallites, as expressed by the distribution of Pd(100) and Pd(111) planes, was determined from in situ infrared spectra of adsorbed CO. The crystallite morphology of the $\text{Pd}\text{SiO}{}_2$ catalysts is the same, independent of Pd weight loading: 90% of the surface is comprised of Pd(100) planes and 10% of the surface is comprised of Pd(111) planes. By contrast, the crystallite morphology of the $\text{Pd}\text{La}{}_2\text{O}{}_3$ catalysts changes with Pd loading. Primarily Pd(100) planes are exposed at low-weight loadings while Pd(111) planes are exposed at high-weight loadings. The Pd dispersion has little effect on the methanol turnover frequency over both $\text{Pd}\text{SiO}{}_2$ and $\text{Pd}\text{La}{}_2\text{O}{}_3$, for dispersions between 10 and 20%. On the other hand, the methane turnover frequency is independent of Pd dispersion over $\text{Pd}\text{SiO}{}_2$, but increases with decreasing dispersion over $\text{Pd}\text{La}{}_2\text{O}{}_3$. It is further observed that the Pd morphology influences the specific activity of $\text{Pd}\text{La}{}_2\text{O}{}_3$ for methanol synthesis: Pd(100) is nearly threefold more active than Pd(111). For a fixed morphology, the specific methanol synthesis activity of $\text{Pd}\text{La}{}_2\text{O}{}_3$ is a factor of 7.5 greater than that of $\text{Pd}\text{SiO}{}_2$.     

In situ laser raman spectroscopy of the sulfiding of Moγ-Al2O3 catalysts

Raman spectra of sulfided $\text{Mo}\text{γ-}\text{Al}{}_2\text{O}{}_3$ catalysts were obtained using in situ techniques for two sulfiding methods. For samples sulfided by 10% $\text{H}{}_2\text{S}\text{H}{}_2$ at 400 °C, MoS₂ structures were observed. A stepwise sulfiding using 10% $\text{H}{}_2\text{S}\text{H}{}_2$, with spectra recorded at 150, 250, and 350 °C, resulted in observation of molybdenum oxysulfide, reduced molybdate, and surface “MoS₂” phases. Reexposure of these samples to air led to radical modification of the oxysulfide structures as well as transformation of some sulfide phases. A model incorporating terminal and bridging MoS bonding and anion vacancies is proposed. This model is based on the conversion of isolated and aggregated molybdate and MoO₃ species to oxysulfide and reduced molybdenum phases. Conversion of reduced molybdenum phases to sulfides is observed to be slow.     

Wet Milling of Fe/Al/Al2O3 and Fe2O3/Al/Al2O3 Powder Mixtures

Wet milling of Al₂O₃-aluminide alloy (3A) precursor powders in acetone has been investigated by milling Fe/Al/Al₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃/Al/Al₂O₃ powder mixtures. The influence of the milling process on the physical and chemical properties of the milled powders has been studied. Particle refinement and homogenization were found not to play a dominant role, whereas plastic deformation of the metal particles leads to the formation of dislocations and a highly disarranged polycrystalline structure. Although no chemical reactions among the powder components in Fe₂O₃/Al/Al₂O₃ powder mixtures were observed, the formation of a nanocrystalline, ordered intermetallic FeAl phase in Fe/Al/Al₂O₃ powder mixtures caused by mechanical alloying was detected. Chemical reactions of Fe and Al particle surfaces with the atmosphere and the milling media lead to the formation of highly porous hydroxides on the particle surfaces. Hence the specific surface area of the powders increases, while the powder density decreases during milling. The fraction of Fe oxidized during milling was determined to be 0.13. The fraction of Al oxidized during milling strongly depends on the metal content of the powder mixture. It ranges between 0.4 and 0.8.