离子液体应用的研究进展

综述了近年来国内外研究者们对离子液体应用的研究进展,包括对微乳液体系的改性、萃取分离工艺路线的改良、电化学领域的应用和作为催化剂提高反应活性的应用,并且讨论了离子液体作为绿色化学合成介质与传统化合物包括卤代烷烃、芳烃、醇类和酮类等有机溶剂相比的诸多优势。     

离子液体应用的研究进展

综述了近年来国内外研究者们对离子液体应用的研究进展,包括对微乳液体系的改性、萃取分离工艺路线的改良、电化学领域的应用和作为催化剂提高反应活性的应用,并且讨论了离子液体作为绿色化学合成介质与传统化合物包括卤代烷烃、芳烃、醇类和酮类等有机溶剂相比的诸多优势。     

Single component, reversible ionic liquids for energy applications

Single component, reversible ionic liquids have excellent potential as novel solvents for a variety of energy applications. Our energy industry is faced with many new challenges including increased energy consumption, depleting oil reserves, and increased environmental awareness. We report the use of reversible ionic liquids to solve two energy challenges: extraction of hydrocarbons from contaminated crude oil and carbon capture from power plant flue gas streams. Our reversible solvents are derived from silylated amine molecular liquids which react with carbon dioxide reversibly to form ionic liquids. Here we compare the properties of various silylated amine precursors and their corresponding ionic liquids. We show how the property changes are advantageous in the two aforementioned energy applications. In the case of hydrocarbon purification, we take advantage of the polarity switch between precursor and ionic liquid to enable separations. In carbon capture, our solvents act as dual physical and chemical capture agents for carbon dioxide. Finally, we show the potential economics of scale-up for both processes.     

氨基酸离子液体的制备及其应用

简要介绍了阳离子型氨基酸离子液体、阴离子型氨基酸离子液体等氨基酸离子液体的类型.详细描述了中和法和复分解法制备氨基酸离子液体的过程.讨论了氨基酸离子液体在催化不对称Michael加成反应、手性分离、均相催化等方面的应用.     

在离子液体中用阳极氧化铝模板电沉积制备稀土镧纳米线

采用二次阳极氧化法获得纳米多孔阳极氧化铝(AAO)模板,在尿素-NaB r-KB甲r-酰胺离子液体中,用AAO模板电沉积稀土镧纳米线。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)结果显示,自制AAO模板孔洞分布均匀,孔径基本一致(约60~70 nm),孔口呈六边形。经过XRD、EDS和SEM对电沉积样品的成分和形貌进行表征和分析,显示在AAO模板中有镧纳米线的存在。     

离子液体在酶催化应用中的研究进展

简要介绍了离子液体的性质,论述了离子液体作为反应介质在脂肪酶、纤维素酶、蛋白酶等催化中的应用研究进展;阐述了离子液体对酶活性影响的机理。提出了离子液体在酶催化应用中所存在的问题。     

离子液体在酶催化应用中的研究进展

简要介绍了离子液体的性质,论述了离子液体作为反应介质在脂肪酶、纤维素酶、蛋白酶等催化中的应用研究进展;阐述了离子液体对酶活性影响的机理。提出了离子液体在酶催化应用中所存在的问题。     

Electrochemical properties of novel ionic liquids for electric double layer capacitor applications

An aliphatic quaternary ammonium salt which has a methoxyethyl group on the nitrogen atom formed an ionic liquid (room temperature molten salt) when combined with the tetrafluoroborate (BF₄⁻) and bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [TFSI; (CF₃SO₂)₂N⁻] anions. The limiting oxidation and reduction potentials, specific conductivity, and some other physicochemical properties of the novel ionic liquids, N,N-diethyl-N-methyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium tetrafluoroborate (DEME-BF₄) and DEME-TFSI have been evaluated and compared with those of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate. DEME-BF₄ is a practically useful ionic liquid for electrochemical capacitors as it has a quite wide potential window (6.0 V) and high ionic conductivity (4.8 mS cm⁻¹ at 25 °C). We prepared an electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) composed of a pair of activated carbon electrodes and DEME-BF₄ as the electrolyte. This EDLC (working voltage ∼2.5 V) has both, a higher capacity above room temperature and a better charge-discharge cycle durability at 100 °C when compared to a conventional EDLC using an organic liquid electrolyte such as a tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate in propylene carbonate.     

Characterization of anodic silicon oxide films grown in room temperature ionic liquids

The electroformation of silicon oxide was performed in two room temperature ionic liquids (RTIL), 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imide (BMITFSI) and N-n-butyl-N-methylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imide (BMPTFSI). This phenomenon was studied by electrochemical techniques and it was observed that the oxide growth follows a high-field mechanism. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy experiments have shown that a non-stoichiometric oxide film was formed, related to the low water content present in both RTILs (<30 ppm). The roughness values obtained by using AFM technique of the silicon surface after etching with HF was 1.5 nm (RMS). The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy at low frequencies range was interpreted as a resistance in parallel with a CPE element, the capacitance obtained was associated with the dielectric nature of the oxide formed and the resistance was interpreted considering the chemical dissolution of the oxide by the presence of the TFSI anion. The CPE element was associated with the surface roughness and the very thin oxide film obtained.     

在微乳液/离子液体协同增敏下测定样品中的硅

以OP(聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚)/正戊醇/正庚烷/水微乳液与1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐为介质,建立了硅的结晶紫-硅钼杂多酸光度分析法,研究了显色时间、微乳液与离子液体比例和用量、体系酸度、钼酸铵和结晶紫用量对显色反应的影响。结果表明,离子缔合物的最大吸收波长为545 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.2×10~5L/(mol·cm),硅质量浓度在0.024~0.24 mg/L内符合朗伯-比尔定律。该方法的检出限为2.0×10~(-6)g/L,可用于自来水、雨水、钢样中微量硅的测定,相对标准偏差﹤3%,加标回收率为98%~106%。     

离子液体在酯化反应中的研究进展与应用

概述了离子液体作为催化剂在酯化反应中的研究现状,对离子液体在一些酯化反应时的催化剂种类、达到的效果进行了总结。     

酸性离子液体及其在催化反应中的应用研究进展

介绍了酸性离子液体及其分类,对酸性离子液体的特性进行了概述.综述了近年来Lewis酸性离子液体、Br(o)nsted酸性离子液体、双酸性离子液体在催化反应中的应用研究进展,对酸性离子液体的固载化及离子液体的酸性表征方法进行了评述,提出了酸性离子液体在应用过程中存在的问题和发展方向.     

Polymeric ionic liquids: Broadening the properties and applications of polyelectrolytes

The introduction of new ionic moieties, cations and anions, is extending the properties and classical applications of polyelectrolytes. These new polyelectrolytes are being named polymeric ionic liquids (PILs) in analogy to their monomeric constituents (i.e. cations such as imidazolium, pyridinium, pyrrolidonium and anions such as hexafluorophosphate, triflates, amidotriflates). This is giving rise to a new family of functional polymers with particular properties and new applications. The first part of this review will focus on the synthetic aspects of PILs and the main aspects related to their physico-chemical properties. In the second part we will review the new technological applications of these polymers such as polymer electrolytes in electrochemical devices, building blocks in materials science, nanocomposites, gas membranes, innovative anion sensitive materials, smart surfaces, and a countless set of applications in different fields such as energy, environment, optoelectronics, analytical chemistry, biotechnology or catalysis.     

Electrochemical investigations of ionic liquids with vinylene carbonate for applications in rechargeable lithium ion batteries

Ionic liquids based on methylpropylpyrrolidinium (MPPY) and methylpropylpiperidinium (MPPI) cations and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI) anion have been synthesized and characterized by thermal analysis, cyclic voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy as well as galvanostatic charge/discharge tests. 10 wt% of vinylene carbonate (VC) was added to the electrolytes of 0.5 M LiTFSI/MPPY.TFSI and 0.5 M LiTFSI/MPPI.TFSI, which were evaluated in Li || natural graphite (NG) half cells at 25 °C and 50 °C under different current densities. At 25 °C, due to their intrinsic high viscosities, the charge/discharge capacities under the current density of 80 μA cm⁻² were much lower than those under the current density of 40 μA cm⁻². At 50 °C, with reduced viscosities, the charge/discharge capacities under both current densities were almost indistinguishable, which were also close to the typical values obtained using conventional carbonate electrolytes. In addition, the discharge capacities of the half cells were very stable with cycling, due to the effective formation of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the graphite electrode. On the contrary, the charge/discharge capacities of the Li || LiCoO₂ cells using both ionic liquid electrolytes under the current density of 40 μA cm⁻² decreased continually with cycling, which were primarily due to the low oxidative stability of VC on the surface of LiCoO₂.     

Sugar-derived ionic liquids

Ionic liquids (ILs) are special molten salts with melting points below 100 degrees C that are typically constituted of organic cations (imidazolium, pyridinium, sulfonium, phosphonium, etc.) and inorganic anions. Due to their ionic nature, they are endowed with high chemical and thermal stability, good solvent properties, and non-measurable vapor pressure. Although the recycling of ILs partly compensate their rather high cost, it is important to develop new synthetic approaches to less expensive and environmentally sustainable ILs based on renewable raw materials. In fact, most of these alternative solvents are still prepared starting from fossil feedstocks. Until now, only a limited number of ionic liquids have been prepared from renewable sources (e.g., hydroxy acids, amino acids, terpenes), and even less from naturally occurring carbohydrates. This short review describes the synthesis and applications of chiral and achiral ILs obtained from inexpensive sugars.     

Optimized ionic liquids for toluene absorption

Conductor‐like‐screening model for real solvents (COSMO‐RS) method was used to analyze the solute‐solvent interactions and to screen Henry's law constant of toluene over 272 ionic liquids (ILs), to select high‐capacity absorbents. Thermogravimetric experiments were carried out to evaluate the toluene absorption by selected ILs at different temperatures and atmospheric pressure. Experimental equilibrium data were found in good agreement with COSMO‐RS predictions. Complete desorption of toluene by N₂ stripping was achieved, indicating an easy regeneration. The kinetic curves were described by a phenomenological diffusion model, obtaining effective diffusivities in reasonable concordance with those calculated by Wilke–Chang correlation. The separation process with selected ILs was modeled by Aspen Plus and a comparison with organic absorbents was carried out. Equilibrium‐ and rate‐based simulations were used to analyze the importance of thermodynamics and kinetics in toluene absorption by ILs. Current computational‐experimental research allowed selecting a set of suitable ILs for toluene absorption. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 1648–1656, 2013     

Parallel developments in aprotic and protic ionic liquids: physical chemistry and applications

This Account covers research dating from the early 1960s in the field of low-melting molten salts and hydrates,which has recently become popular under the rubric of "ionic liquids". It covers understanding gained in the principal author's laboratories (initially in Australia, but mostly in the U.S.A.) from spectroscopic, dynamic, and thermodynamic studies and includes recent applications of this understanding in the fields of energy conversion and biopreservation. Both protic and aprotic varieties of ionic liquids are included, but recent studies have focused on the protic class because of the special applications made possible by the highly variable proton activities available in these liquids.