10MW高温气冷堆燃料元件半年系统双向探测器的研制

介绍了１０ＭＷ高温气冷堆燃料元件装卸系统双向探测器的基本原理和实现方法。该法采用穿过式线圈和单通道双线圈电桥的电路结构形式，具有很强的抑制温漂的能力。双向探测器不仅能够对燃料元件进行计数，而且能够对燃料元件的运动方向进行判别。     

10MW高温气冷堆燃料元件装卸系统双向探测器的研制

介绍了１０ＭＷ高温气冷堆燃料元件装卸系统双向探测器的基本原理和实现方法。该法采用穿过式线圈和单通道双线圈电桥的电路结构形式,具有很强的抑制温漂的能力。双向探测器不仅能够对燃料元件进行计数,而且能够对燃料元件的运动方向进行判别     

10MW高温气冷堆燃料装卸系统燃料元件探测器的研制

介绍了球床堆用燃料元件探测器的基本原理和实现方法。它以感应线圈为敏感元件，以８０３１单片机为处理核心，实现对燃料元件的探讨，电桥载波频率为３０ＫＨｚ。     

高温气冷堆钍,铀燃料元件的后处理与处置技术的发展概况

本文对高温气冷堆钍、铀燃料元件的后处理与处置技术的发展进行了评述，该技术正在从实验室研究和中间工厂扩大到工业规模。清华大学核能技术设计研究院在后处理主要环节上进行了大的改进。在后处理技术成为经济规模之前，高温气冷堆元件实行中间储存比较合理。     

10MW高温堆燃料元件输送速度的测量

介绍了10MW高温气冷堆向堆世输送燃料元件的管路、输送速度限值及输送速度的测量方法。实际应用证明，该方法简单、快捷，是理想的速度在线测量方法。     

核动力装置的Yong分析

针对压水堆、沸水堆、气冷堆、钠冷堆核动力装置的实际过程，建立了最简单的热动力学模型．利用热力学第二定律建立的Yong分析方法，对核动力装置中主要的热量传递、作功与受功过程的不可逆性进行了分析．文中以A型和B型电站压水堆核动力装置为实例进行的Yong损失与Yong效率的对比计算表明：反应堆内裂变能从裂变碎片到燃料的传递过程是整个核动力装置Yong损失最大的地方，其次是堆内燃料元件导热过程，然后依次是汽轮机、蒸发器、冷凝器、管路、泵．而Yong效率最低的地方是冷凝器．其次是汽轮机、堆内燃料元件、蒸发器．     

热解炭在核能技术领域中的应用

包覆燃料颗粒（ＣＰ０是全陶瓷燃料元件的关键组元，它是新型反应堆－高温气冷堆赖以建立的三大支柱之一。ＣＰ的成功发展归功于热解炭的应用。本文介绍了ＣＰ的热解炭的功能，对它的要求，制造工艺，并描述了热解炭特性和质量控制的方法。本文还简要地介绍了热解炭的辐照效应。     

大晶粒UO2燃料芯块性能研究进展

大晶粒UO2芯块相比于传统UO2芯块而言,具有更低的辐照肿胀、更低的裂变气体释放量以及优异的抗芯块-包壳相互作用的能力.大晶粒UO2芯块作为高燃耗、长换料周期新型燃料具有很大的应用潜力,近年来受到越来越多的关注.国内外学者针对大晶粒UO2芯块开展了大量的研究,包括芯块的微观结构、烧结特性以及辐照行为等,结果表明,大晶粒UO2芯块在高燃耗和长换料周期条件下表现出优异的堆内性能,在提高压水堆核电站的经济性的同时,可以有效提高其安全性.近年来,研究人员针对大晶粒UO2芯块在欧洲、美国、俄罗斯和中国等国开展了大量的堆内辐照考验,考验的环境包括压水堆、沸水堆和高温堆等.对大晶粒UO2芯块堆内、外性能的相关研究,为芯块制备、堆内性能预测、反应堆燃料元件设计以及燃料元件工业化生产提供了支撑.本文根据国内外关于大晶粒UO2燃料芯块的研究进展,系统总结了大晶粒UO2芯块微观结构、堆外热-力学性能、大晶粒UO2芯块堆内行为,介绍了不同掺杂类型大晶粒UO2芯块的性能,分析了大晶粒UO2燃料元件行为,并指出了大晶粒UO2芯块应用所面临的问题.     

高温气冷堆球形燃料元件中基体石墨杂质含量的研究

研究了高温气冷堆球形燃料元件的基体石墨及所使用的主要原材料中微量及痕量杂质元素的含量，利用等离子发射光谱仪对Ｂ、Ｌｉ、Ｆｅ、Ｔｉ、Ｕ、Ｔｈ、Ｇｄ、Ｅｕ、Ｓｍ、Ｄｙ等十几种重要元素进行了分析，并比较了加工处理过程对于杂质离子含量的影响。研究结果表明，在球形燃料元件制造过程中所使用的原材料及制成的基体石墨均符合球形燃料元件的设计指标。     

船用堆核事故状态下源项特性及计算方法研究

对船用堆核事故状态下的源项特性进行了描述，并对源项估算的数学模型和计算方法进行了研究和探讨；提出了快速估算法，进行了比对计算；在计算过程中对一些不确定参数用核电站的值代替，并采取适当的缩放，简化了计算过程，计算结果表明这样处理是可靠的。     

复合材料热压工艺多物理场耦合数学模型

针对热压工艺特点 , 将预浸料视为可变形的多孔介质 , 通过体积平均 , 建立了固化过程中温度、 纤维应力和树脂流动多物理场耦合的数学模型。该模型考虑了纤维变形和体积分数变化的影响 , 反映了渗透率和纤维体积分数的关系。对于复合材料层合平板热压工艺 , 通过进一步简化 , 给出了一维固化方程 , 并进行了有限元数值分析。数值模拟中采用 AL E移动网格方法来处理动边界问题。计算结果表明 , 与非耦合的经典模型相比 , 该模型给出的结果能更好地与实验吻合 , 层合板逐层压缩现象也和实验结果一致。而且该模型能预测树脂的排出量和纤维层间纤维体积分数的变化。     

A new method to simulate the micro-thermo-mechanical behaviors evolution in dispersion nuclear fuel elements

The large-deformation constitutive relations and stress update algorithms in a co-rotational framework are formulated respectively for the fuel particles, the matrix and cladding in dispersion nuclear fuel elements undergoing irradiation, with the main irradiation-induced effects within them considered. Their specific consistent tangent stiffness moduli are also developed. Correspondingly, the user subroutines UMAT have been programmed for definition of their mechanical constitutive relations. Besides, the user subroutines UMATHT have been written to define their thermal constitutive relations, in which degradation of the thermal conductivity of fuel particles are involved. An efficient method is established for modeling the irradiation-induced micro-thermo-mechanical behaviors evolution in dispersion nuclear fuel elements. The developed methodology is validated with the simulation results of the thermo-mechanical behaviors in fuel elements under an assumed irradiation condition. This study lays a foundation for optimal design of dispersion fuel elements.     

饱和土中大直径嵌岩桩纵向振动特性研究

根据B iot饱和土理论和R ay le igh-Love杆理论,计及土层及桩的径向运动影响,导出了考虑横向惯性效应的端承桩与饱和土的纵向耦合振动频域的解析解和时域半解析解,对比了考虑与不考虑横向惯性效应时,大直径嵌岩桩纵向振动引起的土层复阻抗的异同以及桩顶导纳和时域反射的特征。研究表明:长径比越小,横向惯性效应越明显,而泊松比和激振频率对饱和土层阻抗及桩顶响应也有重要影响。通过工程实例对比表明,当桩的长径比较小时,用考虑横向惯性效应的计算方法可以得到更好的拟合效果。     

轴向荷载作用下非均匀地基中单桩及群桩分析

该文发展了一种非均匀地基中单桩及群桩分析方法。该方法将桩身离散成若干圆柱形和圆形单元,相应地也将与桩接触的土体界面离散成同样类型和数量的单元,分别建立桩单元和土体界面单元的应力与位移方程。建立桩身单元的位移应力方程时,采用压缩杆理论;建立土体界面单元方程时,采用层状材料基本解。然后,采用桩和土体界面上位移相容条件建立整体方程,计算垂直荷载作用下单桩及群桩的荷载和位移,并且给出桩-基础滑移的计算方法。最后进行了算例分析。由于采用了层状材料的基本解,该数值方法能处理力学参数沿深度方向任意变化的地基。     

Steam thermolysis of discarded tires: testing and analysis of the specific fuel consumption with tail gas burning,steam generation,and secondary waste slime processing

This paper presents the process of steam thermolysis of shredded used tires for obtaining from them liquid fuel and technical carbon carried out in a screw reactor with heating due to the partial burning of obtained fuel and burning of the tail combustible gas. The features and advantages of using steam for safety and stability of the process, including the problem of secondary waste slime processing, have been considered. The specific fuel consumption and the steam generation per 1 kg of processed tires and, separately, the gas consumption for power supply (heating) of the process without using fuel, as well as with additional burning of fuel for processing slime together with tires, have been considered. Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 82, No. 2, pp. 242–251, March–April, 2009.     

Free vibration of semi-rigid connected Reddy-Bickford piles embedded in elastic soil

The literature on free vibration analysis of Bernoulli-Euler and Timoshenko piles embedded in elastic soil is plenty, but that of Reddy-Bickford piles partially embedded in elastic soil with/without axial force effect is fewer. The soil that the pile partially embedded in is idealized by Winkler model and is assumed to be two-layered. The pile part above the soil is called the first region and the parts embedded in the soil are called the second and the third region, respectively. It is assumed that the behaviour of the material is linear-elastic, that axial force along the pile length to be constant and the upper end of the pile that is semi-rigid supported against rotation is modelled by an elastic spring. The governing differential equations of motion of the rectangular pile in free vibration are derived using Hamilton’s principle and Winkler hypothesis. The terms are found directly from the solutions of the differential equations that describe the deformations of the cross-section according to the high-order theory. The models have six degrees of freedom at the two ends, one transverse displacement and two rotations, and the end forces are a shear force and two end moments. Natural frequencies of the pile are calculated using transfer matrix and the secant method for non-trivial solution of linear homogeneous system of equations obtained due to values of axial forces acting on the pile, total and embedded lengths of the pile, the linear-elastic rotational restraining stiffness at the upper end of the pile and to the boundary conditions of the pile. Two different boundary conditions are considered in the study. For the first boundary condition, the pile’s end at the first region is semi-rigid connected and not restricted for horizontal displacement and the end at the third region is free and for the second boundary condition, the pile’s end at the first region is semi-rigid connected and restricted for horizontal displacement and the end at the third region is fixed supported. The calculated natural frequencies of semi-rigid connected Reddy-Bickford pile embedded in elastic soil are given in tables and compared with results of Timoshenko pile model.     

A method for analytical monitoring of surface deposits on jackets of fuel elements of reactors with water heat carrier

A method of postreactor analytical monitoring of elemental composition of deposits on jackets of fuel elements from zirconium alloys based on chemical removal and subsequent quantitative analysis of deposited elements using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) is described. The choice of the method of chemical removal of deposits from jackets of fuel elements is substantiated; data on the composition of solution of chemical reagents and temperature-time regime of the procedure are presented. Devices for nondestructively obtaining detailed and precise information on element distribution in deposits along the fuel element height by means of a small length of the analyzed segment and the capability of sequential segment analysis along the whole fuel element length are developed. Advantages of ICP-AES application for analysis of elemental composition of deposits with allowance for the specific features of studies of irradiated reactor materials are considered. A method of quantitative analysis of deposits is developed, its metrological aspects are considered, and results of determination of some elements of deposits on jackets of fuel elements of the RBMK-1000 of the Leningrad Nuclear Power Plant are given.     

乏燃料容器设计中组件包壳的氢脆特性影响分析

目的针对高燃耗乏燃料在干法运输条件下存在的包壳脆性变化,探讨其对我国现阶段乏燃料运输及容器安全研究中以“组件结构保持完整”作为设计基准所带来的影响和考虑。方法结合锆包壳氢化物韧脆转变的机理,针对乏燃料离堆和运输过程对包壳性能变化进行分析,并根据美国“ISG-11”等技术导则中提出的判别准则,探讨事故载荷下高燃耗乏燃料包壳结构性能的变化。结果通常认为2G乏燃料不需要考虑其材料氢脆影响问题,而高燃耗的3G乏燃料则必须综合评价离堆及后续干法运输过程中各种因素变化对其性能的影响,以判断包壳的峰值温度、韧脆转变温度和温度变化幅度等是否会对事故工况下“其结构始终保持完整”的设计基准造成影响。结论随着我国进入3G高燃耗乏燃料密集运输的时代,在乏燃料运输容器设计及运输安全分析时更应充分考虑包壳材料氢脆特性影响下的乏燃料结构在事故载荷下的保持能力。     

非线性粘弹性桩耦合运动中的混沌分析

研究轴向周期载荷作用下非线性粘弹性桩纵横向耦合运动中的混沌运动。桩体材料满足Leaderman非线性粘弹性本构关系和近似的非线性几何关系，考虑桩体发生纵横向运动的耦合，得到的方程为耦合的非线性偏微分一积分方程；利用Galerkin方法将方程简化并进行数值计算，揭示非线性粘弹性桩的混沌运动和分岔等动力学行为。     

管桩屏障在柱面波源下近场隔振效应的解析求解

基于波函数展开法表示柱面波源自由场,首次提出了一种求解柱面波源下管桩屏障对弹性波隔振效应的解析方法。方法首先考虑柱面波源与管桩屏障的位置关系,采用波函数展开法对入射柱面波进行了0阶Hankel展开表示,并采用任意坐标系间变换的Graf加法定理在任意桩体坐标系中表示,将入射波场和散射波场叠加后通过满足所有桩体的边界条件以求解所有桩体的散射波场。该解析方法分析了柱面波源入射下群桩屏障的隔振效果,首次在排桩隔振问题中考虑了入射波曲率的影响,为柱面波的散射问题提供了理论解答。该文重点讨论了入射波曲率、管桩个数和桩排数等因素对管桩隔振效果的影响,结果表明：整体上管桩屏障对柱面P波的隔振效果优于柱面SV波;柱面波源距离管桩屏障更近时排桩后场地的位移反应显著增大;相比平面波,柱面波源作用下排桩数量的提升对隔振效果的影响较小;三排管桩屏障比两排管桩屏障隔振效果更强,更宜采用三排管桩屏障进行柱面波源的隔振。