The future of monographs.

Argues that the trends of the explosion of knowledge go against the discontinuation of general and applied monographs. Focus is on the demise of Psychological Monographs and the need to reinstitute the publication with new editorial policy. Advantages of Psychological Monographs, compared with the International Journal of Psychiatry, include its ability to make a basic contribution in issues important to psychology (e.g., psychotherapy). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Endorses Resolution.

The author announces his endorsement of the resolution regarding behavior and heredity that appeared in the July issue of the American Psychologist (Page; see record 1990-58224-001). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Agrees with Resolution.

The author announces his agreement with the resolution regarding behavior and heredity that appeared in the July issue of the American Psychologist (Page; see record 1990-58224-001). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Subscriber perceptions of the Journal of Counseling Psychology..

Surveyed, in response to recent criticism of counseling research, 415 present and 234 past subscribers to the Journal of Counseling Psychology (JCP) to examine articles' perceived utility, strengths, and weaknesses in relation to reader characteristics. Questionnaires also secured demographic and professional background information. Results show the following: (a) Present, compared to past, subscribers more often worked in colleges or universities, were involved in research, identified with counseling psychology, were members of the American Psychological Association's Division 17, held doctorates, were teachers or supervisors, and worked with clients aged 13–28 yrs. (b) Present subscribers used the JCP most for research and counseling ideas, and counseling psychology identification was a major reason for subscribing. (c) Strengths included research design/methodology, relevance to practice, writing quality, and scholarly rigor. (d) Weaknesses included esoteric, narrow research and lack of practical relevance. (e) About 45% of the articles read were seen as useful, but definitions of utility varied by major time-use. (f) Ultimately, utility appeared related to individual requirements; 68% of Volume 22's articles were nominated at least once as most significant or useful. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effects of experimenter modeling, demands for honesty, and initial level of suggestibility on response to "hypnotic" suggestions.

Pretested 180 college students on behavioral (objective) and experiential (subjective) responses to the test suggestions of the Barber Suggestibility Scale. After being exposed to 1 of 3 treatments--E modeling, hypnotic induction, or control--each S was retested on the same scale. Strong demands to give honest experiential reports were administered to 1/2 of the Ss under each treatment. Ss who were exposed to E modeling manifested a greater enhancement in objective responsiveness to test suggestions than control Ss and as much enhancement as Ss who were exposed to hypnotic induction. E modeling was as effective as hypnotic induction in enhancing sujective responsiveness to test suggestions with and without demands for honest reports. Under both the E modeling and hypnotic induction treatments, Ss who had initially manifested a high level of suggestibility (pretest) showed as much enhancement in subjective responsiveness to test suggestions as medium- or low-suggestible Ss. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Social recovery of monkeys isolated for the first year of life: I. Rehabilitation and therapy.

Previous research demonstrated that 12 mo of total social isolation initiated at birth produced severe and seemingly permanent social deficits in rhesus monkeys. Such monkeys exhibited self-clasping, self-mouthing, and other stereotypic, self-directed responses. Recent research has indicated that 6-mo-isolated monkeys could develop social behaviors if exposed to younger, socially unsophisticated "therapist" monkeys. In the present experiment, 4 12-mo isolate-reared monkeys developed appropriate species-typical behavior through the use of adaptation, self-pacing of visual input, and exposure to 4 younger "therapist" monkeys. Adaptation enabled the isolate Ss to become familiar with their postisolation environment, while self-pacing facilitated their watching the therapist Ss' social interactions. The isolates showed a marked decrease in self-directed behaviors following extensive intimate contact with the therapists. Species-typical behaviors significantly increased during this period, so that the isolate behavioral repertoire did not differ substantially from the therapist behavioral repertoire by the end of the therapy period. Results clearly fail to support a critical period for socialization in the rhesus monkey, and an alternative environment-specific learning hypothesis is proposed. (25 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A re-reading of Studies on Hysteria: the Freud-Breuer break revisited.

Argues that the commonly accepted view that J. Breuer and Freud ended their relationship simply because the former objected to the latter's claim as to the sexual etiology of the psychoneuroses is a myth (propounded by Freud and E. Jones) that masked an ongoing polemic in Studies on Hysteria. Breuer objected to Freud's claim that symbolic processes unconsciously determine symptoms. What disturbed both Freud and Breuer was Freud's vision of an interpenetration of intelligence and sexuality operating according to the laws of language completely out of the ego's awareness. The unconscious link between sexuality and intellection remains as problematic today. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The piano: A modern film melodrama about passion and punishment.

Melodrama has been the dominant form of moviemaking for women, and the recent Jane Campion film, The Piano (J. Chapman & J. Campion, 1993), is a lush modern representation. Central to this film is the struggle of Ada to choose between passion and security, between life and death, in a primitive New Zealand environment. Campion adds many modern elements to this genre, creating a complex fictional character who evokes powerful psychological responses in the other characters and in the audience. A psychoanalytic perspective sheds some light on the nuances and power of this film as it uses silence, emerging sexuality, primal scene anxiety, and romantic salvation to stimulate the audience. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Show versus no show: A comparison of referral calls to a suicide prevention and crisis service.

Conducted an exploratory content analysis of 20 pairs of taped telephone calls to a suicide prevention and crisis service. Variables that might differentiate between referrals resulting in "show" and those resulting in "no show," were studied. A show and a no show call for each of 20 telephone therapists were coded. It is concluded that a scale based on 6 indexes would differentiate between the 2 groups. Motivation of the caller for getting help and the concreteness of the therapist emerged as most important factors in the 6-item scale. The relationship between this research and a crisis intervention model is discussed. (28 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reasons for clinical research: Characteristics of contributors and their contributions to the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology.

A representative sample of contributors (333) to the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology was asked to report on their motivations for conducting studies that had been published in that journal. Results indicate that the primary motivation of these clinical researchers was to build on prior theory and research through the gathering and analysis of new data to answer socially significant applied-clinical questions. More immediate pragmatic considerations (e.g., tenure, funding, degree or job requirements, and availability of Ss) were reported to be of secondary, but nevertheless significant, importance. Most respondents described the training model in which they had received their doctoral education or oriented toward an integrated scientist-practitioner approach rather than one that focused primarily on research, therapy, or assessment training. It was also found that these clinical researchers rarely conducted investigations in the context of community service or consultation interventions or in order to replicate past research. Results are discussed in light of current controversies in clinical psychology concerning the optimal model for training and the relevance of clinical research. (21 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Long-range impact of "fair selection" standards on minority employment.

Reviews alternate statistical standards of "fair selection," including the standard that seems to be implicit in the federal employee selection guidelines. A human resource planning model is developed to simulate the impact of each standard on minority employment. In the model, the racial composition of the flows of employees into and through the organization is determined by the "fair selection" standard chosen for simulation. The model is applied to staffing data from an existing organization. Data show that the fairness standard implicit in the federal selection guidelines would have a worse effect on Black employment than would the implicit fairness standard typically used by employers. (60 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Evidence of disability after Daubert.

The authors provide an overview of the legal elements of the prima facie case of disability discrimination under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and examine the impact of expert evidence in ADA litigation. The authors then present a model for classifying and understanding admissibility determinations involving scientific knowledge and clinical observations in cases brought under ADA. The model may be used to help analyze admissibility outcomes regarding expert evidence presented in ADA litigation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Womanizing work.

Proposes that work may have different meanings for women than for men. Although each technological advance has "humanized" work by providing more secure conditions of life, most of these advances have contributed to the improvement of the male's ego status, feelings of independence, and achievement. By contrast, females have been kept in a state of relative dependency through lower pay rates, low-status, and repetitive job assignments. The demand for better treatment of females is stirring hostility on the part of majority and minority males, who feel threatened either immediately or in terms of anticipated promotions. As these resistances are overcome, "womanizing work" can be achieved by infusing nurturant values into the work environment. This may lead to improvement of job satisfaction for both males and females. (16 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A fuzzy generalization.

Comments on J. M. Stoppard's (see record 1989-29654-001) discussion of the adequacy of cognitive/behavioral theories for understanding depression in women. Issues addressed include the "fuzzy" nature of the depression label itself, the applicability of the generalization across all demographic groupings of men and women, and the employment variable. (0 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Engineering new designs for school psychological service delivery: A commentary on School Psychology: A Blueprint for Training and Practice..

Responds to School Psychology: A Blueprint for Training and Practice (National School Psychology Inservice Training Network, 1984) by asserting that when making plans that further the application of psychology to the educational process and to the development of new designs for service delivery, more attention should be given to theoretical and empirical knowledge for school psychological practice, the necessary linkages between knowledge and practice, as well as specific implications for education and training. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The impact of Daubert and its progeny on the admissibility of behavioral and social science evidence.

Although Daubert (1993) describes a test for admissibility that applies to all proffers of scientific evidence in the federal courts and many state courts, its application has not been uniform across the sciences. To assess Daubert's impact for behavioral and social science evidence, the authors describe and analyze the application of a set of criteria that include whether Daubert has mattered, whether the context in which Daubert is applied should matter, whether one can operationalize the application of the Daubert criteria to predict its outcome in specific cases, whether Daubert can assist in getting admissibility decisions right, and whether there are broader lessons beyond admissibility to be learned from Daubert . (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Two Points of View.

Comments on the APA standards for preparations of school counselors. The commentator is an APA member and has been a school counselor for 11 years and finds that it is a little presumptuous of the APA to set up its own arbitrary standards for preparation of school counselors, especially since most of the recommendations and particularly those concerning preparation in psychology have been unsolicited and unappreciated by the counseling group. The commentator states that this seems to be a case of an "outside" group trying to impose certain preconceived and prejudiced ideas of preparation upon counselors. The commentator wants school counselors to be given credit for being intelligent enough to evaluate their own programs, for making recommendations concerning educational requirements for their jobs, and for indicating changes where needed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Admissibility of polygraph tests: The application of scientific standards post- Daubert .

The U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals (1993) modernized the long-standing Frye (1923) precedent and requires courts to make scientific judgments. Courts, however, are not well-equipped to parse scientific arguments. To illustrate the difficulty of applying Daubert , this article focuses on the controversy over admissibility of polygraph test evidence ("lie detectors"). Reliability and validity are discussed in relation to polygraph testing and the Daubert criteria. Although the validity of polygraph test results has been examined across many studies, none satisfy necessary methodological criteria and accuracy rates are unpredictable. This analysis points to the need for social scientists and courts to develop a mutually understood language to assess validity claims. Courts must have the ability to weight scientific evidence and, although they need not become amateur scientists, they must become sophisticated consumers. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Award for Distinguished Professional Contributions to Independent or Institutional Practice in the Private Sector.

Presents the 2004 APA Award for Distinguished Professional Contributions to Independent or Institutional Practice in the Private Sector. A list of the members of the APA Board who selected the recipient for this year and a list of the previous recipients of this award from 1972 through 2004 are provided. The award recipient for 2004 is Miki Paul. Her award citation, biography, selected bibliography and award address are provided. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Science, common sense, and the determination of mental capacity.

In 1993, when the Supreme Court decided Daubert and created the modern standard for the admissibility of scientific evidence, it almost certainly did not consider its possible effect on evidentiary hearings in probate courts even though such courts routinely admit expert testimony in will contests and guardianship hearings. Probate courts also admit testimony of lay witnesses who express their opinion as to the mental capacity of the individual in question. Yet both expert and lay witnesses are only "fact bringers" and not "fact interpreters" because the ultimate question of capacity is legal, not factual. Because the determination of legal capacity is made by the judge or jury, the role of experts in capacity trials is not fundamentally different than that of lay persons. The limited role of the expert suggests that probate courts should allow great latitude in the admission of expert testimony because the fact finders must ultimately rely on their own amorphous sense of "legal capacity." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)