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1.
Assessed the convergent and discriminant validity of the Inpatient Multidimensional Psychiatric Scale (IMPS) for 80 chronically institutionalized patients (mean age 44 yrs) over 3 modes of assessment (interview ratings, ward ratings, and observed frequency of behavior), 2 settings (interview and ward), and 2 points in time. Sequential performance of raw-score intercorrelations, principal-components analyses, and multimethod factor analysis indicated that the IMPS possessed excellent concurrent validity. However, it failed to demonstrate the same utility as a measure of change. Caution should therefore be exercised in any usage of the IMPS where absolute level differences are required for evaluative assessment. (27 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

2.
The construct validity of job performance ratings obtained from self, supervisors, and peers was assessed relative to performance data obtained from an objective test of task proficiency. Data were gathered from a sample of 256 first-term jet engine mechanics in the U.S. Air Force. Widaman's (1985) approach to assessment of convergent and discriminant validity of multitrait–multimethod data using confirmatory factor analysis to contrast alternative models was used. As expected, all analyses revealed support for a model with correlated performance traits and uncorrelated methods. Significant convergence among the three rating sources was found. In addition, convergence was found between task ratings and scores from the objective proficiency test. Significant discriminant validity was found in all of the analyses. Results revealed that self, supervisors, and peers can be equally valid as sources of performance information, although performance of some tasks may be more validly evaluated by one source than another. Needs for further research on the effects of task characteristics on the validity of ratings are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

3.
Amultiple-assessment procedure—personal history form, intensive interview, 2 objective intellectual aptitude tests, a sentence-completion test, and a human relations problems test—was used to predict the performance of 31 industrial managers all having a similar job assignment. Predictions were made on the basis of a global, nonactuarial analysis of these objective and subjective data. 4 sets of criterion judgments were obtained on 4 variables—3 different sets of rankings and 1 set of ratings. A multitrait-multimethod matrix was used in the analysis of the intercorrelations. 9 of the 12 validity coefficients involving ranking-type criteria were statistically significant. Of the 4 coefficients involving rating-type criteria, none was significant. (18 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

4.
Compared interview trait ratings made by individual and groups of managers following exposure to videotaped interview playbacks with ratings made by experienced interviewers participating in 34 live interviews couched in a typical entry-level managerial employment setting. A convergent and discriminant validity analysis was made to assess the adequacy of the interview rating procedure. Mean ratings made by groups of managers were similar to mean ratings made by the interviewers. Agreement between the 2 dissimilar rater types using direct (face to face) and indirect (videotaped) stimuli indicated that perceptual distortion was now a strong factor. Individual managers' mean ratings suggested a leniency effect. (16 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

5.
Reviews the problem of evaluating convergent and discriminant validity of traits in the face of intruding method variance. Limitations of informal observations of correlations and standard linear factor-analytic techniques are outlined. Criteria are suggested for evaluating analytic procedures. A method termed multimethod factor analysis is proposed for evaluating convergent and discriminant validity. A components analysis of only variance common to 2 or more methods of measurement circumvents problems associated with common method factors. The method is illustrated and contrasted with principal axes factor analysis with data from a variety of sources. For these data, multimethod factor analysis yields very satisfactory delineation of trait factors across methods of measurement. (49 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

6.
Rater bias in performance ratings: Superior, self-, and peer ratings.   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Leniency errors, halo effects, and differential dimensionality were explored in an analysis of superior, self-, and peer performance ratings of 107 managerial and 76 professional employees in a medium-sized manufacturing location, representing 95% of the managerial and professional staff. Self-ratings showed greater leniency effects than superior or peer ratings. A multitrait–multimethod (MTMM) analysis supported the presence of strong halo effect and significant convergent validity but not discriminant validity. The dimensional analysis supported the presence of strong halo effect. A statistical control procedure for the halo effect was developed that involved calculating residuals of the performance items, controlling for the "overall effectiveness" variance component in each item. The procedure did not reduce the significant halo effect, nor did it improve the nonsignificant discriminant validity in the MTMM analysis. It did, however, clarify the dimensional structure of ratings by superiors. Data from 4 previously published studies were also reanalyzed using the statistical control procedure. (19 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

7.
Describes the development and the evaluation of reliability and convergent and discriminant validity of a newly designed self-report questionnaire for the assessment of adolescent social competence: the Teenage Inventory of Social Skills (TISS). Two-week test–retest reliabilities for positive and negative behavior scales were .90 and .72; internal consistencies were .88. Convergent validity was assessed by comparing TISS scales with self-monitoring data, ratings by peers, and sociometric data. Discriminant validity was examined by investigating correlations between scores on the TISS and social desirability, SES, and another paper-and-pencil self-report instrument (Conflict Behavior Questionnaire) thought not to be necessarily related to adolescent social behavior. Results provided adequate evidence for both the convergent and discriminant validity of the TISS scales. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

8.
This article describes a method for the intraindividual clinical validation of a cognitive case formulation (CCF) involving hypotheses about the patient's idiosyncratic cognitive schema (ICS). The two-stage approach begins by testing the convergent and discriminant validity of the hypothesized ICS against the individual's daily ratings of cognition items using confirmatory dynamic factor analysis. The second stage evaluates the extent to which the ICS factor scores predict daily variability in symptoms and distress and further addresses convergent and discriminant validity by evaluating intraindividual cognitive content specificity and the incremental validity of the idiographic cognition factors compared with nomothetic measures of thoughts/beliefs. This approach to validating idiographic assessment is illustrated with the CCF of a woman with comorbid mood and anxiety disorders. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

9.
The authors examined the validity of nicotine abstinence effects by using both self- and observer ratings. Participants were 61 cigarette smokers undergoing 48 hr of smoking abstinence and 61 collateral observers. Ratings of abstinence effects were derived from both self- and observer reports. A 3-part analytic strategy was used. First, the authors conducted an analysis of variance to determine which negative mood states both observers and abstaining cigarette smokers report as abstinence effects. During abstinence, both groups reported significant increases in anxiety, anger, impatience, restlessness, and confusion, and a significant decrease in vigor. Both groups reported nonsignificant changes in fatigue and drowsiness. The authors compared the magnitude of self- and observer-reported abstinence effects and found no differences between these 2 sets of scores. The results of a multitrait multimethod analysis indicated modest convergent and poor discriminant validity for individual abstinence effects. Results converge with previous findings to support the validity of a general nicotine abstinence syndrome but highlight the need for refinement in the assessment of individual component symptoms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

10.
Research to date has revealed divergent relations across factors of psychopathy measures with criteria of internalizing (INT; anxiety, depression) and externalizing (EXT; antisocial behavior, substance use). However, failure to account for method variance and suppressor effects has obscured the consistency of these findings across distinct measures of psychopathy. Using a large correctional sample, the current study employed a multimethod approach to psychopathy assessment (self-report, interview and file review) to explore convergent and discriminant relations between factors of psychopathy measures and latent criteria of INT and EXT derived from the Personality Assessment Inventory (Morey, 2007). Consistent with prediction, scores on the affective–interpersonal factor of psychopathy were negatively associated with INT and negligibly related to EXT, whereas scores on the social deviance factor exhibited positive associations (moderate and large, respectively) with both INT and EXT. Notably, associations were highly comparable across the psychopathy measures when accounting for method variance (in the case of EXT) and when assessing for suppressor effects (in the case of INT). Findings are discussed in terms of implications for clinical assessment and evaluation of the validity of interpretations drawn from scores on psychopathy measures. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

11.
549 Australian 4th, 5th, and 6th graders were administered the Sears Self-Concept Inventory (SCI) and the Self-Esteem Inventory (SEI). A multitrait–multimethod analysis of the 2 instruments offered some support for their convergent validity but little evidence for the discriminant validity of the various subscales. Factor analysis of the SCI identified 6, and partially identified a 7th, of its 9 subscales. Factor analysis of the SEI produced no support for any of its subscales. Longitudinal data on 91 Ss after 1 yr indicated moderate stability for the SCI subscales, but not for the SEI subscales. Multitrait–multidimensional analyses of the longitudinal data provided better support for the discriminant validity of the scores based on factor analysis of the SCI than for the original subscales of either of the instruments. Findings support the multidimensionality of self-concept and the use of factor analysis in the development of self-concept instruments. (26 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

12.
The selection interview is widely used in law enforcement agencies for making decisions about police academy appointments. The present study examined the validity of the interview for predicting on-the-street performance of police officers in the Dade County (Florida) Public Safety Department. Data were gathered in a 1-yr period during which 399 White male applicants were interviewed and 150 of them were hired. The ratings made by the "oral board" at the end of each interview comprised the predictor variables. A principal components analysis of the averaged interview trait ratings indicated that there were 3 major components in the trait ratings. A principal components analysis of supervisory ratings of performance identified 4 oblique performance factors. A validity analysis demonstrated rated performance could be predicted from averaged interview factor scores but not from averaged overall recommendations of the interviewers. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

13.
144 deputy sheriffs were rated on 9 job performance dimensions with 2 rating scales by 2 raters. Results indicate that the rating scales (the Multiple Item Appraisal Form and the Global Dimension Appraisal Form) developed in this study were able to minimize the major problems often associated with performance ratings (i.e., leniency error, restriction of range, and low reliability). A multitrait/multimethod analysis indicated that the rating scales possessed high convergent and discriminant validity. A multitrait/multirater analysis indicated that although the interrater agreement and the degree of rated discrimination on different traits by different raters were good, there was a substantial rater bias, or strong halo effect. This halo effect in the ratings, however, may really be a legitimate general factor rather than an error. (11 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

14.
The authors examined the validity of D. R. Lynam and T. A. Widiger's (2001) prototypes for personality disorders (PDs) derived from the facets of the 5-factor model (FFM) of personality in 2 clinical samples. In the 1st sample (N = 94), there was good agreement between the prototypes generated by experts and the profiles reported by patients. These FFM PD similarity scores also demonstrated good convergent and discriminant validity with results from a semistructured interview and a self-report measure of Axis II pathology. In the 2nd sample (N = 132), the FFM PD similarity scores demonstrated excellent longitudinal stability and good predictive validity with regard to consensus ratings of PD features. The implications of these findings are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

15.
Rated 138 psychiatric patients with respect to symptoms and behavior by their nearest relative and also by a nurse after admission to a psychiatric hospital. Data on admissions were analyzed by computing r's between 12 family rating scale clusters and 4 ward behavior factors and by canonical correlations between the 2 sets of data. The canonical analysis indicated there were 2 underlying factors accounting for the intercorrelations among the 2 sets of ratings. Results of both analyses provided support for the validity of relatives' ratings of psychiatric symptoms and behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

16.
The Addiction Severity Index—Multimedia Version (ASI–MV) is a CD-ROM-based simulation of the interview-administered Addiction Severity Index (ASI). Clients in treatment (N ?=?202) self-administered the ASI–MV to examine the test–retest reliability, criterion validity, and convergent–discriminant validity of the ASI–MV. Excellent test–retest reliability was observed for composite scores and severity ratings. Criterion validity, tested against the interviewer-administered ASI, was good for the composite scores. For severity ratings, variable agreement was observed between the ASI–MV and each interviewer, suggesting poor interrater reliability among interviewers. This conclusion was bolstered by a finding of superior convergent–discriminant validity for both composite scores and severity ratings compared to the standard ASI. The ASI–MV is a viable alternative to the expensive and potentially unreliable interviewer-administered version. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

17.
The construct validity measures in teaching, research, and service were determined using a multitrait–multimethod matrix. The measures in research (research publications, research grants, research awards, and peer ratings in research) and three of the measures in teaching (student evaluations, teaching awards, and peer ratings in teaching) supported convergent and divergent validity. However, the three-pronged model in academia was not validated, and exploratory factor analysis identified 5 and possibly 6 domains of behavior (research, classroom teaching, writing about teaching, community service, writing about service, and internal service). For one measure, peer ratings, reliability varied across academic areas and was moderately high for only high-confident ratings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

18.
The stability and validity of early adolescents' reports of 6 parenting constructs were examined: parent–child conflict, positive family relations, parental monitoring, parents' rule making, consistent enforcement of rules, and use of positive reinforcement. Hierarchical confirmatory factor analysis (CFA; H. W. Marsh & D. Hocevar, 1988) on questionnaire data from 3 quarterly assessments of 174 5th–7th grade youth was used to test a multitrait–multimethod (MTMM) model containing 6 parenting constructs as trait factors and 3 assessment occasions as method factors. Youths' reports of these parenting constructs were stable over time, and the CFA approach to MTMM data demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity of the constructs. Each parenting construct was significantly correlated with youths' reports of deviant peer associations, antisocial behavior, and substance use, providing evidence of criterion validity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

19.
The analysis of convergent and discriminant validity is an integral part of the construct validation process. Models for analyzing the convergent and discriminant validity have typically been developed for cross-sectional data. There exist, however, only a few approaches for longitudinal data that can be applied for analyzing the construct validity of fluctuating states. In this article, the authors show how models of latent state-trait theory can be combined with models of multitrait-multimethod analysis to develop a model that allows for analyzing convergent and discriminant validity in time: the multimethod latent state-trait model. The model allows for identifying different sources of variance (trait consistency, trait-method specificity, occasion-specific consistency, occasion-specific method specificity, and unreliability). It is applied to the repeated measurement of depression and anxiety in children, which was assessed by self and teacher reports (N = 375). The application shows that the proposed models fit the data well and allow a deeper understanding of method effects in clinical assessment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

20.
Self-reports from 281 21–89 yr olds were correlated with their spouses' ratings of them on a set of 18 traits in the domains of neuroticism, extraversion, and openness to experience. Correlations ranged from .30 to .58 for the individual scales and from .51 to .60 for the 3 global domain scores. A multitrait, multimethod analysis, including the Eysenck Personality Inventory as a 2nd self-report instrument, showed evidence of convergent and divergent validity in both men and women. The use of a personality inventory format for ratings and the choice of spouse as rater contributed to the relatively high agreement, and agreement was probably moderated by the observability of the trait as well as S's gender. (29 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

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