Victims of crime: The roles of psychologists.

The articles that make up this Psychology in the Public Forum section dramatically portray the pervasiveness of criminal activity and the fact that every criminal act produces at least one victim of crime. The articles further document that victims frequently need the aid of mental health professionals. Unfortunately, psychologists, like other mental health professionals, have traditionally been given little, if any, training in how to work with victims of crime and violence. Psychologists, like members of other disciplines, have focused on the criminal to the neglect of the victim. This Psychology in the Public Forum section is an attempt to inform psychologists about activities initiated by the executive and legislative branches of the federal government and by the APA Task Force on the Victims of Crime and Violence. It will have served its purpose if increasing numbers of psychologists turn their attention and skills to the plight of victims. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Psychology in the Public Forum: Alcoholism--Introduction and Overview.

Introduces this month's "Psychology in the Public Forum" section, which is devoted to alcoholism in the effort to spotlight contributions by psychologists to enhanced understanding of alcoholism and the alcoholic. They have been asked to contribute to this issue of the American Psychologist because their work has been influential in altering unhelpful views on alcoholism, offering a new and clearer picture of the determinants of alcoholism, or developing approaches to more efficacious therapeutic management of the alcoholic. All are activities in which the contributions of psychologists have been important. There are nine articles in this edition of "Psychology in the Public Forum." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Hospital Health Care Delivery.

This article provides an overview of the articles that compose the Public Forum section of the American Psychologist. These articles explore the roles of psychologists (past, present, and future) in hospitals and the range of services that are or might be provided by the profession. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Ethics and the Advertising of Professional Services: Blame Canada.

Shead and Dobson (see record 2004-14467-001) provide an excellent historical review of policies concerning self-advertising by psychologists in the United States and Canada. They conclude that psychologists can become considerably more aggressive in their professional advertising practices, while still adhering to appropriate ethical constraints. Whether such practices will truly benefit either consumers or psychologists remains an open question. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Bernard N. Kalinkowitz (1915–1992): Obituary.

Memorializes Bernard N. Kalinkowitz, a pioneer in establishing the independent practice of psychotherapy and psychoanalysis by psychologists. He founded New York University's Postdoctoral Program in Psychotherapy and Psychoanalysis. He also founded the American Psychological Association's Division of Psychoanalysis and its Psychologist-Psychoanalyst Forum. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Number of psychologists in Canada: 1970 estimate.

A survey of registered psychologists, members of psychological associations and faculties or departments of psychology showed that there are now at least 3400 psychologists in Canada. This is more than double the number reported in 1966. It was also found that the number of psychologists in academic settings in Canada has more than tripled in this four year period. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Editorial: Psychology in the Public Forum.

With this issue, I am pleased to announce a new section of the American Psychologist entitled "Psychology in the Public Forum," with Patrick H. DeLeon as the associate editor for this section. Psychology in the Public Forum intends to provide psychologists with perspectives concerning the public arenas in which psychology must exist. Such a forum approach should aid our understanding of those public issues that both affect psychology and provide opportunities for psychologists to bring their expertise to bear as scientists, as practitioners, and as educators. I am very pleased to have two quite distinct articles appearing this month to inaugurate this section. Senator McGovern provides a broad-ranging view from a 20- to 30-year perspective of a number of intertwined issues that have in his view influenced the course of our society, and Mary G. Hager covers science and health in the Washington area for Newsweek magazine. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Rehabilitation of the institutionalized mentally retarded.

"In order to determine the present status of psychology in state institutions, a questionnaire was sent to 101 institutions in the United States and Canada… . Replies were received from 72% of the total sent. Thirteen reported that they have no psychologists… . The 72 institutions which replied have 109,010 patients served by 143 full-time and 14 part-time psychologists—approximately 725 patients per psychologist." In general, the functions of psychologists in these institutions are very similar. The "role of the department of psychology, as with other services in an institution, should not be as an autonomous unit with separate function, but as an integral part of a patient-centered team." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Community-based care for the mentally ill: Client outcome orientation in research, program planning, and service delivery.

This Psychology in the Public Forum section delineates changes in public policies regarding the mentally ill. Individual psychologists and the American Psychological Association (APA) have a long history of involvement with these issues and have played significant roles in developing effective public programs. The articles in this section also speak to the development of an outcome orientation in services for the mentally ill—one that asks what the client needs and what works for the client and the client's family. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Archivist suggests...

The CPA Archivist, assisted by a Canada Council grant, has recently visited most of the major centres of psychological activity in Canada from Halifax to Victoria. His purpose has been to start an "Oral History of Psychology in Canada" by taping the reminiscences of a sample of Canadian psychologists. In the course of these travels, he has acquired for the CPA Archives several items of interest, and reports them here to encourage other members of CPA to consider whether they too may have similar items they might be willing to contribute. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Psychology for Sale: The Ethics of Advertising Professional Services.

Policies regarding advertising of professional services by psychologists have become somewhat less restrictive over time; however, there remains a tradition within the discipline to avoid any semblance of competitive advertising practices. This paper presents an historic review of policies concerning self-advertising by psychologists in the United States and Canada. Although not currently prohibited by Canadian guidelines, three advertising practices are still generally regarded as failing to meet expectations of professional integrity: 1) claims of unique abilities; 2) claims of comparative desirability; and 3) appeals to a client's fear and anxiety. The position is taken that psychologists can stay within their ethical boundaries using these types of advertising practices while promoting the welfare of clients and maintaining the profession's ethical standards. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Mental health services in a single payer system: Lessons from Canada and principles for an American plan.

Reviews the advantages of financing mental health care in the US along the lines of the Canadian single-payer system and argues that the pillars of the Canadian system (accessibility, comprehensiveness, portability, public administration, and universality) are standards a restructured US system could achieve. The merits of including mental health coverage in a basic benefits package are also discussed. The authors believe limits on reimbursement for psychologists in Canada should not keep US psychologists from supporting single-payer proposals because (1) the professional Zeitgeist in the US in 1992 is very different from that of Canada in the late 1960s and (2) Canadian psychologists could have participated but failed to achieve professional consensus on the merits of inclusion in the national health program. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

History and development of industrial/organisational psychology in the Canadian Forces Personnel Selection Branch: 1938–2009.

The authors examined public and published archival documents and interviewed senior and retired Personnel Selection Officers, and influential Industrial/Organisational (I/O) psychologists in Canada to document the history of the Canadian Forces Personnel Selection Branch. The authors highlight the close working relationship between civilian and military I/O psychologists and suggest that they have been mutually influential in shaping the practise of I/O psychology in Canada. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Review of Normalizing the ideal: Psychology, schooling, and the family in postwar Canada.

Reviews the book, Normalizing the ideal: Psychology, schooling, and the family in postwar Canada by Mona Gleason (1999). The history of psychology in Canada has not received the attention it deserves. This book is a bold attempt to sketch the development of the discipline and its influence on child-rearing practices and education in post-war Canada. Unfortunately, the author appears to have been guided by a theoretical perspective that can best be characterized as an uninspiring blend of Michel Foucault, Christopher Lasch, and reductionist 1970s feminist scholarship. Gleason's portrayal of the development of psychology, is inadequate on several counts. First, throughout the book, psychology is presented as a monolithic discipline characterized by complete consensus, theoretical unity, and a single-minded purpose of influencing society. Second, Gleason claims that psychologists forced their definitions of normalcy upon an unsuspecting and innocent population by intruding into previously private realms and extending the tentacles of its expertise in building up a professional tyranny. Third, Gleason frequently criticizes psychology for reinforcing and reproducing the social status quo and presenting the ideal family in terms of white, middleclass, heterosexual, and patriarchal ideals. Fourth, she seems to condemn psychologists for inflicting their ideas on an unsuspecting population because they were driven by ulterior motives such as self-aggrandizement and an attempt to increase their own professional power. Gleason's is the first book to provide an overview of the influence of psychology on Canadian society after World War II. Her analysis would have gained from investigating and highlighting the different and at times mutually exclusive ideas, motives, and theories of Canadian psychologists instead of assuming their uniformity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Who's who in psychology: Endler et al.'s SSCI scores versus a textbook definition.

In an extension of research by N. S. Endler et al (see record 1979-26949-001), citations in 10 introductory psychology textbooks were used as an index of the eminence of psychologists in the US, UK, and Canada. The 10 most prominent psychologists were Freud, Skinner, Piaget, C. Rogers, Pavlov, S. Schachter, A. Bandura, E. Erikson, H. Harlow, and N. Miller. Results are compared with those using the Social Sciences Citation Index. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Industrial/organizational psychology in Canada: An introduction.

The objective in this Special Issue is to provide colleagues and students with an introduction to current research and professional issues in industrial/organizational psychology in Canada. The authors provide a historical context for that current work and offer some suggestions for future directions. The authors include a cross-section of industrial/organizational psychologists at work in Canada today, reflecting regional, language and gender differences. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The power of multiple methods and evidence sources: Raising the profile of Canadian counselling psychology research.

In counselling psychology, research and practice are viewed as mutually informative, and Canadian counselling psychologists conduct research in a wide range of areas, utilizing a wide range of research methods. However, there are few Canadian publications that give prominence to counselling psychology scholarly work. Over the past decade, two trends have become more prominent in the practice of counselling psychology: evidence-based practice and outcome-focused intervention. Traditionally, empirical evidence for the efficacy of practice interventions has come from randomized controlled trials. This fails to reflect the diversity of methods and practice that Canadian counselling psychologists utilize. To address this discrepancy, in this article we provide some alternate ways for obtaining empirical support for the predictive efficacy of counselling interventions. We conclude by addressing some challenges currently facing counselling psychologists in Canada (i.e., publication venues, funding for research, the connection between research and practice, preparation of students) and describing some ways for raising the profile of counselling psychology research and practice in Canada. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Hospital psychology in Canada.

Examined Canadian hospital psychology in terms of the existing organizational models, professional practices, academic activities, and professional orientations of hospital psychologists in a survey of 340 hospitals. Results reveal that psychologists were active clinically and academically in Canadian hospitals in a wide variety of health care areas in addition to traditional mental health areas. In the majority of hospitals, psychologists were organized in independent departments of psychology or behavioral science, although physician influence appeared to be a strong factor in practice. Medical staff membership and academic appointments for hospital psychologists were relatively low. Recommendations for the future development of hospital psychology in Canada are outlined. (French abstract) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Joseph R. Royce (1921–1989): Obituary.

Joseph R. Royce, Professor Emeritus, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, died of a stroke at age 68, on September 21, 1989, at his home in Edmonton. He was one of the best known psychologists in Canada. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Administrative problems and patterns of correctional psychology departments in Canada.

Surveyed administrative problems and patterns of correctional psychology departments in Canada and compared the 2 major employers of correctional psychologists in Canada. These results were also compared with existing data on psychology departments in mental health settings. (10 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)