„Möbelerzeugung nach Maß“ Probleme der Verfahrenstechnik und der Wirtschaftlichkeit

On the furniture market of the Federal Republic of Germany, i. e. in manufacture and trade, a tendency towards an increasing demand for “furniture on buyer's request” can be observed. This means a customer-orientated market where the buyer demands the consideration of individual wishes regarding dimensions, functions and quality of the furniture. The manufacturer will therefore be increasingly forced to change his product planning and manufacturing patterns; he will have to shift from producing big series to smaller ones, by making finally single furniture on the buyer's request. This paper reports on the requirements and effects which result from this development and which must be considered in modern furniture production with respect to its machinery and organization of processing.     

Das Keilzinken von Holz—Dritte Mitteilung: Maschinentechnik und Wirtschaftlichkeit eines neuen Keilzinkenverfahrens

Zusammenfassung Maschinen herk?mmlicher Art sind für die Herstellung der neuen Keilzinkung nicht geeignet. Die baulichen Grundlagen für eine neue Maschine werden dargestellt. Die Ergebnisse von Untersuchungen im Laboratorium und im einj?hrigen Probebetrieb in einem Werk sind erfolgversprechend. Das Verfahren ist durch folgende Tatsachen gekennzeichnet: Kurze Zinkenl?nge, dadurch Einsparung von Holz, sehr geringe Zinkenspitzenbreite, dadurch sehr geringes Zinkenspiel, das Vorfr?sen oder Vors?gen von Zinkenprofilen entf?llt, stark verminderter Kraftverbrauch auf Grund geringer Schnittarbeit, doppelseitiger, kontrollierter und verlustarmer Leimauftrag, hohe Anfangsfestigkeit der neuen Keilzinkenverbindung bei Pressung ohne W?rmezufübrung, hohe Endfestigkeit.

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Finger-Jointing of Wood—Part III: Machine processing and economic aspects of a new finger jointing method

Summary Conventional finger jointing equipment are inappropriate for the manufacture of the new finger-joint. The principles of design for a machine according to the new method have been developed. The results from laboratory tests as well as the experiences gained from tests in the industrial field are very promising. The method is determined by the following facts: Extremely short finger-length and thus wood savings, very little width of the fingertips and thus little pin-clearance, precutting or presawing of the profiles is eliminated, power consumption is considerably reduced because of little excised wood-volume, controlled glue application on both profiles and thus little waste of glue, high initial strength without additional heat when pressing the glued pieces, and finally high ultimate strength.

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Dieses Keilzinkverfahren wurde unter Leitung von Prof. Dr.-Ing. J. E. Marian, Universíty of California, Berkeley, USA, zusammen mit Civ. Ing. B. O. Ivansson, Civ. Ing. H. Str?m und den Verfassern an der K?nigl. Technischen Hochschule, Stockholm, Institut für Bautechnik, Leitung Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Brosenius, entwickelt. Die Finanzierung erfolgte durch den staatl. technischen Forschungsrat, Stockholm. Die Verfasser danken den Mitarbeitern für eine vorbildliche Zusammenarbeit, Prof. Brosenius für die freizügige überlassung der Einrichtungen des Institutes und den Finanzierungsinstitutionen besonders Civ, Ing. N. Bergling von EFOR, Stockholm, für vielfach geleistete Hilfe.     

国际绿趋势 绿家居 绿家具—自然 健康 环保 单纯 可续 经济

“绿生活”就是健康可持续的友好生活态度及方式。在人类文明高度发展的今天,绿色的生活方式正在变得越来越随处可见,环保生活的标地也不仅仅是糙米和草鞋,而是在每一处生活必需品都不断发展环保的创意,通过可以循环再造的尖端物科和天然材料共同营造回归自然的健康、简约之美。     

Mineral contents of some southern Italian wines. II. Determination of Li, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Co, As, Rb, Sr, Ag, Sb, Ba

Following our study of the mineral contents of some Southern Italian wines, this work reports on the detection of 12 elemental components. The elements were determined using ICP-AES, flame atomic emission or absorption spectroscopy. The values determined for Li, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Rb, Sr and Ba were within the usual ranges for wines (average values for these elements were: 0.010, 26.2; 94.4; 888; 94.0; 3.30, 0.82 and 0.11 mg/l respectively). All the wines contained low levels of As, the concentrations of which were always under 0.20 mg/l, the maximum level permitted by E.E.C. standards. The measuring of Co, Ag, and Sb led us to ascertain, in all the wines, concentrations lower than 0.01 mg/l for Co and Ag and below the instrumental detection level for Sb (0.06 mg/l). In a previous study wines from D.O.C. areas of Southern Italy were analysed by the technique of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), for 14 minerals. This paper deals with further investigation of the mineral composition of the same wines for different metal constituents, analysed by ICP-AES, flame atomic emission, or atomic-absorption spectroscopy (two techniques). The first technique was applied to the detection of Co, As, Sr, Ag, Sb, and Ba. The alkaline metals Li, Na, K, and Rb were determined by flame atomic emission, a technique which possesses better detection limits for these elements. For Mg and Ca the atomic absorption methods were applied.     

风干肠贮藏过程中挥发性风味物质的变化及异味物质分析

利用动态顶空制样-热脱附-气相色谱-嗅闻-质谱联用技术,结合气味活度值（odor activity value,OAV）以及感官评价,对不同贮藏时间（0、7、14、21、35、49、77 d）的风干肠挥发性风味物质进行检测,分析贮藏过程中各类挥发性物质变化情况,并对造成异味的主要物质进行鉴别。结果表明：不同贮藏时间的样品中,分别检出挥发性风味物质59、56、63、58、73、68、71 种,主要为酯类物质;随着贮藏时间的延长,风干肠样品色泽变黑,失去光泽,异味逐渐增加,可接受度降低,其中有21、21、17 种风味活性物质分别与感官评价中色泽、风味、可接受度评分显著相关;经过OAV分析以及气相色谱-嗅闻鉴定,辛酸乙酯、1-辛烯-3-醇、正己醛、庚醛、正辛醛、壬醛、反,反-2,4-癸二烯醛可能是造成风干肠异味的主要物质。     

卷烟中锂、铬、镍、铜、砷、硒、钼、镉、铊和铅含量分析

采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定了41个牌号烤烟型卷烟和雪茄烟样品烟丝中的锂、铬、镍、铜、砷、硒、钼、镉、铊和铅含量,并按照类型和价位对卷烟中这10种有害元素含量进行了统计分析。结果发现:①卷烟中锂和铜的含量较高,铊的含量很低,铬、镍、镉、铅、砷、硒和钼7种元素的平均含量为0.55～4.42μg/g;②雪茄烟中铬、镍、砷、钼、镉、铊和铅的含量一般高于烤烟型卷烟,而硒元素的含量则相反,但差别较小;烤烟型卷烟中锂和铜的含量与雪茄烟没有显著差异;③高档卷烟中的锂、镍、镉、铊和铬含量较低,而砷、铅的含量较高;不同价位卷烟的铜、硒和钼含量差异不显著。     

1997 UK Total Diet Study dietary exposures to aluminium, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, tin and zinc

Concentrations of aluminium, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, tin and zinc were determined in samples from the 1997 UK Total Diet Study and used to estimate dietary exposures of the general UK population. Population average dietary exposures to aluminium (3.4mg/day), arsenic (0.065mg/day), cadmium (0.012mg/day), chromium (0.10mg/day), copper (1.2mg/day), mercury (0.003mg/day), nickel (0.13mg/day), tin (1.8mg/ day) and zinc (8.4mg/day) are similar to those from previous UK Total Diet Studies and are below the appropriate PTWIs, PMTDIs and TDIs. Dietary exposure of the UK population (0.026 mg/day) to lead is falling as a result of measures taken to reduce lead contamination of the environment and food and is well below the PTWI. There has been little change in UK estimates of selenium exposure since the 1994 Total Diet Study but current estimates (0.039mg/day) are lower than those derived from earlier Total Diet Studies.     

Starch noodles: History,classification, materials,processing, structure,nutrition, quality evaluating and improving

Starch noodles, produced from purified starch of various plant sources, are a major category of Asian noodles. This review summarizes the current knowledge on: (1) Definition, naming, history and categories of starch noodles. (2) The morphological, physico-chemical, thermal, rheological characteristics and molecular structure of materials including mung bean starch, pea starch, sweet potato starch, potato starch and corn starch. (3) Processing technology of starch noodles including dropping, extruding and cutting. (4) Structure of starch noodles: it is composed of hydrolysis-resistant crystalline zone, network-like framework and filler mass. (5) Nutrition of starch noodles: it could be evaluated by the digestibility of starch, hydrolysis properties of gelatinized and retrograded starches, hydrolysis property of starch noodles. (6) Quality evaluating of starch noodles: it includes sensory, cooking and texture property. Correlation between the physical properties of starch, processing variables and the sensory, cooking and texture property of starch noodles are summarized. (7) Quality improving for non-mung bean starch noodles: (a) using other materials such as red bean starch, pigeonpea starch, potato starch, sweet potato starch, corn starch, to substitute totally or partly mung bean starch; (b) adding chemically modified starch; (c) adding physically modified starch; (d) biologically treating starch; (e) using additives such as chitosan, polysaccharide gums.     

基于高压结合酶法制备的低敏虾制品体内体外致敏性检测的差异性分析

采用高压结合酶法处理凡纳滨对虾的虾蛋白、虾仁泥（虾肉）和虾仁,获得3 种低敏虾制品;采用酶联免疫吸附法检测3 种虾制品的过敏原性,采用全身性过敏反应（过敏性休克模型）及致敏离体回肠平滑肌收缩实验（Schultz-Dale反应）检测3 种低敏虾制品的致敏性,以分析体内与体外方法检测虾制品致敏性的差异性。结果显示：处理前的3 种原料过敏原性极高。经高压结合酶法处理的虾蛋白、虾肉和虾仁的过敏原性分别消减97.0%、94.1%和94.5%。而在动物实验中（以磷酸缓冲盐溶液为阴性对照,未处理虾蛋白为阳性对照,以豚鼠为受试对象）,未处理虾蛋白组的过敏反应发生率与死亡率均为100%,3 种低敏虾制品的过敏反应发生率也为100%,死亡率分别为16.7%（虾蛋白产物）、50%（虾肉产物）和83.3%（虾仁产物）。致敏的离体回肠受到3 种低敏虾制品攻击后,收缩力也明显增强,分别达到376.9%、766.2%和1 004.4%。上述结果表明,对高压结合酶法制备的低敏虾制品过敏原性的检测,体外检测与体内检测存在一定的差异性。     

氧化强度对肌原纤维蛋白结构及凝胶性能的影响

采用模拟氧化体系（10 μmol/L FeCl3,100 μmol/L抗坏血酸,0、0.5、1、3、5、10 mmol/L H2O2）,研究不同氧化程度对猪肌原纤维蛋白（myofibrillar protein,MP）结构及凝胶性质的影响。结果表明：随H2O2浓度升高,蛋白羰基含量上升,总巯基含量、自由氨基含量及内源荧光强度下降,十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳表明氧化诱导二硫键的形成引起蛋白质交联聚集加剧,进而导致蛋白表面疏水性和溶解度降低;当H2O2浓度小于1.0 mmol/L时,MP热诱导凝胶性能无明显变化,当H2O2浓度大于1.0 mmol/L时,热诱导凝胶蒸煮损失显著增强（P＜0.05）,凝胶强度明显降低（P＜0.05）,但凝胶白度无明显变化。总体来说,H2O2浓度越高蛋白氧化程度越严重,凝胶强度越低。     

不同发酵处理对香菇泡菜质构及风味物质的影响

研究并比较低温漂烫条件、亚硝酸盐控制及发酵方式对香菇发酵产品质构、亚硝酸盐含量及风味特征物质的影响。结果表明：香菇低温漂烫前处理最优条件为55 ℃、20 min,此时,发酵泡菜产品的色度L值、硬度及弹性分别为30.64、43.49 N和0.59 mJ。在发酵前加入0.5‰的VC,能够将香菇泡菜的亚硝酸盐含量从6.16 mg/kg显著降低至3.11 mg/kg。与自然发酵相比,纯种发酵将香菇泡菜发酵时间由11 d缩短至7 d,且产品中游离氨基酸总量增加了49.7%;酸、醇、醛及烷烃类化合物等特性风味物质相对含量分别增加了2.17%、5.88%、1.07%和4.37%,并赋予该产品更为丰富的风味物质成分。该研究为香菇发酵泡菜产业化、标准化加工提供了理论依据。