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1.
系统、科学、有效的报警系统对提高生产过程安全、质量和可操作性能至关重要,引起了工业界和学术界的广泛关注,产生了大量研究成果。针对过程报警系统的最新研究进展,分别从报警系统优化设计、报警系统监控、报警系统性能评估这3个热点研究方向总结研究方法,并对不同方法进行了对比讨论。针对报警系统优化设计,利用ROC分析、相关性分析等方法对报警阈值进行优化,并对报警变量进行优先级划分;针对报警系统监控,利用相关性分析实现滋扰报警识别,基于过程知识和数据驱动实现因果报警识别,基于时间窗或运行长度分布实现抖振报警识别;针对报警系统性能评估,依据过程报警管理标准或动态风险分析等实现定性定量评估。最后,指出报警系统研究有价值的方向和趋势,并对报警系统研究前景做出展望。  相似文献   

2.
过程工业企业智能管理研究   总被引:36,自引:1,他引:35  
本文分析了过程工业的特点及管理现状,在此基础上提出了过程工业企业的智能管理概念.即以知识管理为基础,协调处理企业内部关系、供应商关系和客户关系,对市场(用户)需求作出灵敏反应,对原料变化快速响应,最后以最优的制造方式获取最大的效益的管理系统.文章介绍了智能管理的建模、求解与实施策略.  相似文献   

3.
过程工业企业智能管理研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本文分析了过程工业的特点及管理现状,在此基础上提出了过程工业企业的智能管理概念.即以知识管理为基础,协调处理企业内部关系、供应商关系和客户关系,对市场(用户)需求作出灵敏反应,对原料变化快速响应,最后以最优的制造方式获取最大的效益的管理系统.文章介绍了智能管理的建模、求解与实施策略.  相似文献   

4.
报警在保证流程工业安全运行方面起到了重要的提示作用,但大量的报警信号也给操作员带来了困扰,使其无法抓住核心信息并作出判断,以便采取适当的行动。多个报警信号之间并非独立,而是存在有关联关系,提出了一种从历史报警数据中识别这些关系的方法。根据两个报警变量的报警发生时间,确定报警变量之间是否存在关联关系,并确定时间上的顺序和因果强度。基于每对报警变量之间的关联关系,构建多个报警之间的关联拓扑图。该方法可用于智能报警管理,为提高报警信息的指导价值提供技术支持。  相似文献   

5.
工业现场电话语音报警的设计与实现   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
详细介绍了基于语音卡的电话语音报警的设计及实现,采用VisualBasic编程,通过OLE实时读取上位监控机采集检测的数据,在危急情况出现时,系统将自动拨打电话语音报警。  相似文献   

6.
本文研究虚拟原与设计过程模型的集成问题以及基于该集成模型的设计进程管理,首先提出基于虚拟原型的设计过程模型生成,然后讨论基于虚拟原型和设计过程集成建模的、面向并行工程的设计过程管理、最后重点讨论通过初步设计信息交换加快设计进程的问题。  相似文献   

7.
工业过程混合建模方法研究及应用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
文章在分析工业过程模型的经验模型和神经网络模型的基础上,提出了混合模型的建模方法,给出了混合模型结构和应用算法,把该混合模型方法应用于制浆蒸煮过程的建模中,收到了较好的效果,混合模型的建模方法具有较大的推广价值。  相似文献   

8.
过程控制技术展望   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文简述了过程工业的特点并对过程技术的发展做了简单的回顾,特别对过程控制技术今后的发展作了较详细的叙述。指出了过程建模、控制策略、软测量技术、过程优化、计算机集成过程系统等将是二十一世纪过程控制技术发展的主要方向。  相似文献   

9.
智能报警管理若干研究问题   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
报警是及时发现生产过程中异常情况的直接手段,因此科学、高效、准确的智能报警管理对提高生产过程安全性和可操作性至关重要,也是进一步进行优化、控制和故障诊断的基础.本文就智能报警管理这一研究领域进行综述,首先从工业需求上论述报警管理的重要意义,说明报警对于过程安全的影响,指出数量过多和难以辨别是主要难题,并将现实情况与国际标准相对比;然后概述了报警管理的概念和内涵,介绍报警系统改造的全生命周期.其次总结该领域的主要研究问题,并针对单个报警和多个报警的设计展开讨论,揭示误报与漏报、检测速度与鲁棒性的矛盾,并给出常用的解决方法.针对单个报警,通过滤波、延迟和死区,对过程时间序列进行处理,实现报警的快速和准确.针对多个报警,通过多元统计分析全面表征多个变量之间的关系,利用相关性分析和传递熵分析来识别因果报警.最后通过一个实例来说明智能报警管理的过程.  相似文献   

10.
随着过程工业在国民经济的发展中扮演越来越重要的角色,人们对过程工业供应链进行了大量的研究工作.本文首先介绍了供应链的定义、研究内容及供应链中的不确定因素;接着回顾了过程工业供应链设计模型、计划和调度模型及求解算法方面的研究成果;最后在对现有研究工作分析的基础上展望了该领域未来的发展方向.  相似文献   

11.
    
Alarm summary interfaces are lists of chronologically sorted alarms used in oil producing supervision programs for decades. When a great number of alarms are activated in a small interval of time – that is, an alarm flood – alarm summary ceases to be as useful to understand the process situation. New alarm systems and interfaces are necessary to support operators' decision when dealing with such alarm floods. Situational awareness is an important concept for process operators when making decisions. The application of Ecological Interface Design concepts can lead to better interface designs, especially in unanticipated situations. The aim of this work is to verify the usefulness of a new ecological alarm interface, called Advanced System of Intelligent Alarms (SAAI, the Portuguese acronym). SAAI displays alarms prioritised in real-time with relevant graphical information on process conditions. Professional operators' situational awareness is measured when using either the SAAI interface, or the alarm summary interface, connected to a dynamic simulator running a model of an oil production process. Measurement techniques used include objective and subjective rating approaches, and a proposed technique. Operators' situation awareness for SAAI interface has shown greater values under all techniques used, compared to alarm summary interface. Although the new interface implied that operators would have to look also at an extra monitor, results show that their situation awareness improved on average, and that situation awareness might be less impaired under alarm floods.Relevance to industrySituation awareness plays an important role in operators' decision-making process. Alarm systems are critical in complex process operation, and alarm floods may impair operators' decisions. A new alarm ecological interface designed to maintain operators' situational awareness under alarm floods may mean an improvement in operation safety and efficiency.  相似文献   

12.
网络视频监控系统中报警子系统的设计与开发   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2  
本文针对目前网络视频监控系统中的一个部分——报警子系统,提出其设计方案,并给出了报警子系统开发的建议。  相似文献   

13.
自动控制技术人员应当熟练掌握分散控制系统(DistributedControlSystem,DCS)报警信息处理和报警组态的技能,并使整个工业生产过程始终处于有效的监视、控制和管理状态。本文以DCS市场占有量较大的Ovation系统为例,图文并茂地说明了DCS报警信息处理的基本内容和报警组态的主要步骤,也为不同品牌DCS报警信息处理及其组态,提供了参考。  相似文献   

14.
    
A distributed parallel alarm management strategy based on massive historical alarms and distributed clustering algorithm is proposed to reduce the number of alarms presented to operators in modern chemical plants. Due to the large and growing scale of historical alarms as the basis of analysis, it is difficult for traditional alarm management strategy to store and analyze all alarms efficiently. In this paper, by designing the row key and storage structure in a distributed extensible NoSQL database, the strategy spreads alarm data in a group of commercial machines, which ensures the capacity and scalability of the whole system. Meanwhile, Distributed Parallel Query Model (DPQM) proposed as a unified query model provides efficient query and better integration of distributed platform. Based on the characteristics of alarms and time-delay correlation of alarm occurrence, alarm similarity criteria are proposed to effectively identify repetitive and homologous alarms. In order to group massive alarm data, a new distributed clustering algorithm is designed to work concurrently in MapReduce frameworks. The test results using alarm data from real chemical plants show that the strategy is better than traditional method based on MySQL at system performance, and provides excellent redundant alarm suppression in both normal situation and alarm flooding situation.  相似文献   

15.
    
Alarm systems are designed to provide cues to make operators aware of an operational problem, so that mitigation actions can be taken. New technologies are enabling innovative designs of alarm systems for safety-critical systems. To help better design alarm systems in advanced control rooms of nuclear power plants (NPPs), recent researches on alarm system design in the NPP domain are reviewed from the following aspects: (1) functions of an alarm system and opportunities and challenges of new technologies; (2) effects of alarm floods and different alarm management methods; (3) visual presentation of alarm information; (4) evaluation criteria for alarm systems. Through the comprehensive literature review, this article proposes research topics related to human factors and ergonomics that are worth studying in advanced alarm systems of NPPs.  相似文献   

16.
    
False and nuisance alarms are major problems in the process industry. Generalized delay-timer is an effective technique to improve the performance of an alarm system. However, due to the increasing intermediate states, computation of the performance indices, false alarm rate (FAR), missed alarm rate (MAR) and expected detection delay (EDD), is hard and unsolved for generalized delay timer. In this paper, we first propose general formulae to compute FAR and MAR by adequately reconsidering the internal relationship between the no-alarm state and the alarm state. Then the computation of EDD is discussed via the probability of alarm or no-alarm at one sample by iteration. Simulation and industrial results show that alarm performance can be improved via generalized delay-timer with proper choice of the order.  相似文献   

17.
    
Filtering is one of the techniques used in alarm system design to improve the performance of an alarm system. Due to the fact that the filtered data is no longer independent, computation of the performance indexes (false alarm rate (FAR), missed alarm rate (MAR) and expected detection delay (EDD)) is hard for filters. In this paper, rank order filters are applied in alarm system design. The output of rank order filters is restricted to one of the input samples, thus the probability density function (PDF) of the filtered data can be computed directly from the PDF of the raw data. This feature makes it possible to compute FAR and MAR for rank order filters directly. Further, a method to compute the expected detection delay is proposed for rank order filters despite the dependence of the filtered data. Simulation results shows that the order of rank order filters provide another degree-of-freedom in alarm system design besides the window size, which can be used to improve the alarm performance.  相似文献   

18.
A process alarm arises when normal operation limits are exceeded and an alarm management system alerts the operator of a process plant. Due to the material, energy and information flow in a plant, single disturbances can cause multiple consequent alarm messages, and the alarm messages may overload the operator by presenting many redundant alarms. This undesired situation is called an ‘alarm flood’. In such situations, the operator might not be able to fulfil his required tasks to keep the plant within safe operation limits and to find the root cause of the disturbance. The aim of the work presented in this paper is to reduce the number of alerts presented to the operator. If alarms are related to one another, those alarms should be grouped and presented as one alarm problem. For the implementation of the concept, a software prototype has been developed to perform this reduction automatically. The analysis process starts with the alarm history which is a log containing all past alarm messages. This is combined with the plant topology of the controlled system and a set of rules. The rules describe typical interrelations between alarm messages which have a common cause. The combination of these three elements yields an effective alarm management strategy that can help plant owners and operators to comply with standards for alarm management such as ANSI/ISA 18.2 (2009) and EEMUA 191 (2007) which set limits on the number of alarms per unit time for an operator. The effectiveness of the approach is illustrated by two industrial examples where a significant reduction of alarms has been achieved.  相似文献   

19.
    
Similar alarm sequence alignment algorithms have been used to find similar alarm floods in the historical database for the prediction and prevention of alarm floods. However, the existing modified Smith–Waterman (SW) algorithm has a high computation complexity, preventing its online applications within a tolerable computation time period. This paper proposes a new local alignment algorithm, based on the basic local alignment search tool (BLAST). The novelty of the proposed algorithm is three-fold. First, a priority-based similarity scoring strategy makes the proposed algorithm more sensitive to alarms having higher alarm priorities. Second, a set-based pre-matching mechanism avoids unnecessary computations by excluding all irrelevant alarm floods and alarm tags. Third, the seeding and extending steps of the conventional BLAST are adapted for alarm floods, which reduce the searching space significantly. Owing to the novelties, the proposed algorithm is much faster in computation and provides a higher alignment accuracy than the SW algorithm. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by industrial case studies based on the historical alarm floods from an oil conversion plant.  相似文献   

20.
In industrial processes, analyzing and predicting process faults are quite important, which could help operators to take timely and effective responses to ensure process safety and prevent further losses, especially during alarm floods. Various fault analysis methods have been proposed so far, among which the alarm flood sequence alignment (AFSA) methods, unlike other traditional model-based or statistical methods, provide fault inference from the perspective of alarm sequence similarity assessment. A new AFSA method, the match-based accelerated alignment (MAA) is proposed to generate insightful and informative alarm sequence alignments. MAA focuses mainly on alarm match analysis and outperforms other methods in terms of robustness towards nuisance alarms and improved computational efficiency. More importantly, the alarm time information is well considered and explored in MAA, rendering its alignment results capable of revealing the real similarity of alarm floods. Numerical examples and a real chemical plant case are studied to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed MAA method.  相似文献   

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