牛磺酸对鹌鹑产蛋性能、脂肪代谢及免疫功能的影响

以鹌鹑为研究对象,在日粮中添加不同剂量的牛磺酸(Tau),考察Tau对鹌鹑产蛋性能、脂肪代谢及免疫功能的影响。将108只鹌鹑分为3个处理组,每个处理组4个重复,每个重复9只,进行试验4周。结果表明,添加质量分数为0.01%Tau显著降低破蛋率,添加质量分数为0.05%Tau显著提高产蛋率,显著降低料蛋比和破蛋率(P0.05);0.05%Tau组显著提高免疫球蛋白(IgG)含量和增强皮肤超敏反应(FWI)(P0.05);质量分数0.01%Tau显著降低动脉硬化指数(AI)和甘油三酯(TG)含量;质量分数0.05%Tau组可显著提高血清高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)含量和脂蛋白酯酶(LPL)活性,显著降低TG含量和AI指数(P0.05)。结果提示,日粮中添加牛磺酸可提高鹌鹑的产蛋率和有效降低软破蛋率,牛磺酸提高了鹌鹑的免疫功能,通过提高血清LPL活性和HDL-C水平促进了脂肪代谢。     

活性鹌鹑蛋酒的研制及其在鸡尾酒调制中的运用

研究了以鹌鹑种蛋、糯米为主要原料,采用鹌鹑种蛋胚胎培育技术,糯米与活性鹌鹑蛋经发酵的工艺条件,并探讨了鹌鹑种蛋胚胎发育、发酵条件的优化以及活性鹌鹑蛋鸡尾酒的配方设计。     

Food Protein Nutrient Improvement by Protease at Reduced Water Activity

Protein resynthesis catalyzed by α-chymotrypsin was studied to modify the nutritive quality and physical properties of albumin. The increase in substrate concentration produced an increase in enzyme synthetic action. At low substrate concentration, several water activity depressing additives (salts or polyols) in the reaction media enhanced plastein synthesis. Polyols enhanced the synthetic reaction proportionally to an increase in their molecular size. The positive effect of alkali halides was related to an increase in cation size and decrease in anion size. All plastein products showed a clear increase in nutritional value with respect to the substrate.     

鹌鹑松花蛋肠的研制

先将鹌鹑蛋制成松花蛋,再加入与氢氧化钠、食盐、茶汁一起混匀的蛋液,灌入肠衣中,经水浴加热即成成品.试验研究表明,蛋液与鹌鹑松花蛋的合适配比为4∶6,氢氧化钠的适宜添加量为0.4%～0.6%,蛋肠加热温度85～95℃,时间90～100min.     

优质蛋白玉米在产蛋鸡日粮中的应用研究

将157日龄海兰褐商品代产蛋鸡528只,分为3个处理,每个处理4重复,每个重复44只鸡,研究优质蛋白玉米和普通玉米组成的日粮对产蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质常规指标的影响.处理1饲喂普通玉米日粮（添加赖氨酸）,赖氨酸水为平0.71%;处理2饲喂优质蛋白玉米日粮（等量替换普通玉米）,赖氨酸水平为0.78%;处理3饲喂优质蛋白玉米日粮（等量替换普通米,不添加赖氨酸）,赖氨酸水平为0.69%.试验结果表明：优质蛋白玉米日粮组的日采食量显著高于普通玉米组（P＜0.05）,表明优质蛋白玉米具有较好的适口性;处理3的产蛋率显著高于处理1和处理2（P＜0.05）,处理1和处理2间差异不显著（P＞0.1）;任意两个处理间的平均蛋重、饲料转化率、软破蛋率接近（P＞0.1）.总的来讲,处理3的生产性能优于其它处理组,处理2的生产性能最低;与普通玉米相比,在日粮中使用优质蛋白玉米可提高鸡蛋的蛋黄颜色评分（P＜0.1）,不会降低鸡蛋的哈夫单位和蛋壳强度（P＞0.1）.用优质蛋白玉米等量替换普通玉米,并维持适宜的赖氨酸水平,可提高产蛋高峰鸡的生产性能.     

五香鹌鹑的生产及质量控制

主要介绍了五香鹌鹑生产的加工工艺、质量指标及质量控制。     

Milk protein response to abomasal or mesenteric vein essential amino acid infusion in lactating dairy cows

Previous experiments performed at our location suggested that the milk protein response to infusions of mixed essential amino acids (EAA) was greater when these were supplied via intravenous rather than abomasal or duodenal routes. However, as far as we are aware there have been no direct comparisons of the milk protein response to site of EAA provision in the same animals. Our objective was to directly compare the milk protein responses when cows were given mixtures of EAA provided via abomasal or mesenteric vein infusions. Four multiparous, ruminally cannulated, multicatheterized Holstein x Friesian cows averaging 18 wk postpartum were fed dehydrated alfalfa, grass silage, and low protein (11.9% CP, DM basis) concentrates at 30, 20, and 50%, respectively, of dry matter (DM) offered. Total mixed rations (14% crude protein, DM basis) were fed daily as 3 equal meals at 8-h intervals and 95% of ad libitum DM intake. The experimental design was a single reversal with two 10-d infusion periods separated by a 10-d rest period. Each infusion period consisted of 4-d control infusions into the mesenteric vein (saline at 2 ml/min) and abomasum (water at 9 L/d) followed by 6-d infusion of a mixture of EAA equal to 400 g of milk protein/d into the abomasum or mesenteric vein. Control infusions continued into the site not receiving EAA. Intake of DM (20.3 kg/d), milk yield (28.9 kg/d), and milk fat concentration (41.2 g/kg) were not affected by EAA infusions. Milk protein concentration (33.4 vs 34.6 g/kg) and output (938 vs. 982 g/d) were increased and milk lactose concentration was decreased (46.6 vs. 46.1 g/kg) by EAA, but the responses were not affected by infusion site. Recovery of EAA as increased milk protein output (10.9%) was similar for intravascular and abomasally infused EAA in these cows, but these responses were low compared with published effects of postruminal casein infusion.     

Converting nitrogen into protein--beyond 6.25 and Jones' factors

The protein content in foodstuffs is estimated by multiplying the determined nitrogen content by a nitrogen-to-protein conversion factor. Jones' factors for a series of foodstuffs, including 6.25 as the standard, default conversion factor, have now been used for 75 years. This review provides a brief history of these factors and their underlying paradigm, with an insight into what is meant by "protein." We also review other compelling data on specific conversion factors which may have been overlooked. On the one hand, when 6.25 is used irrespective of the foodstuff, "protein" is simply nitrogen expressed using a different unit and says little about protein (s.s.). On the other hand, conversion factors specific to foodstuffs, such as those provided by Jones, are scientifically flawed. However, the nitrogen:protein ratio does vary according to the foodstuff considered. Therefore, from a scientific point of view, it would be reasonable not to apply current specific factors any longer, but they have continued to be used because scientists fear opening the Pandora's box. But because conversion factors are critical to enabling the simple conversion of determined nitrogen values into protein values and thus accurately evaluating the quantity and the quality of protein in foodstuffs, we propose a set of specific conversion factors for different foodstuffs, together with a default conversion factor (5.6). This would be far more accurate and scientifically sound, and preferable when specifically expressing nitrogen as protein. These factors are of particular importance when "protein" basically means "amino acids," this being the principal nutritional viewpoint.     

不同采收期坛紫菜感官品质及蛋白组成分析

为探究不同采收期对坛紫菜感官及蛋白组成的影响,分别以头水、一水和二水坛紫菜为原料,考察其色泽、质构、蛋白质、总氨基酸和游离氨基酸含量的变化.结果 表明,不同采收期坛紫菜L*值、a*值和b *值均有所变化,随采收期延后,坛紫菜的L*值显著增加,a*值变化不显著,二水和三水坛紫菜的b*值显著高于头水.采收期对坛紫菜的韧性影...     

Nutritional, functional and sensory properties of wheat, rice and fababean blends texturized by drum drying

Blending of wheat and fababean Flours (73:27 w/w) to the 17.8% protein (N×5.7) level increased the amino acid (AA) score from 38 to 59, whereas a 17.7% protein blend of rice Flour and fababean protein concentrate (82:18 w/w) increased the AA score from 62 to 72. Nutritive indices were not improved by including cottonseed or sesame Flours in the blends. Cooking and texturization on a drum dryer reduced the AA scores to 47 and 67, respectively, for the wheat and rice blends, indicating that rice/fababean blends would be preferred in weaning foods. Texturization caused a marked increase in water absorption but reduced oil emulsiFication of all blends. Sensory evaluation rated the texturized products favourably when consumed as a breakfast cereal or puffed, baked snack.     

基于PLSR分析氨基酸对市售卷烟感官品质的影响

对10种市售成品卷烟进行游离氨基酸、总氨基酸含量检测以及感官评吸,采用PLSR方法进行相关性分析发现:游离氨基酸与大部分品质特征指标呈负相关,其中天冬氨酸、组氨酸和苏氨酸对舒适感特性各指标的影响最大,谷氨酸和苯丙氨酸次之;苏氨酸对烟气特性各指标的影响最大,谷氨酸和组氨酸次之。说明适量降低烟草中游离氨基酸的含量可以提高卷烟感官品质。总氨基酸对成品卷烟感官品质的影响不如游离氨基酸明显。     

Measurement of protein in whole plant samples with ninhydrin

The ninhydrin method has been used widely for measuring amino acids in hydrolysed purified proteins. It is also a useful method of measuring the total amino acid or protein content of hydrolysed plant samples. In this study the conditions used in a modified ninhydrin method were found to incompletely hydrolyse protein. Therefore, standard conditions for protein hydrolysis (6 M HCI at 110? C) were tested. The accuracy of protein measurements using the standard ninhydrin method was evaluated using pure proteins, protein-carbohydrate standards and plant samples augmented with known amounts of protein. Standard hydrolysis conditions completely hydrolysed proteins, but protein content was overestimated when these conditions were used on whole plant samples and standards containing carbohydrates. This error may be quantified and corrected easily in plant samples, however, by measuring the recovery of protein added to control samples before hydrolysis.     

鹌鹑蛋饮料的加工技术

鹌鹑蛋饮料是以鹌鹑蛋为主要原料，配以白砂糖、稳定剂、增稠剂等辅料，经过一系列科学加工而制成。本文详细地阐述了生产鹌鹑蛋饮料的工艺流程、工艺要点及产品质量标准。该饮料含多种营养保健成分，风味独特，是一种有益人体健康的高级保健佳品。