Die Emulgierung oxidierter Polyäthylen-Wachse mit ionisch - nichtionischen Emulgator-Systemen II

Emulsification of Oxidized Polyethylene Waxes with Ionic-Nonionic Emulsifier Systems II Studies using methods described earlier were extended to emulsification of oxidized polyethylene waxes having varying acid values and molecular weights with nonionic-ionic emulsifier systems. Besides nonylphenolethoxylates C_9/11- and C_13/15-fatty alcohol ethoxylates were also used in the presence of various amines as emulsifiers. The optimum degree of ethoxylation for each emulsifier was determined within each class of ethoxylate as a function of the degree of oxidation of polyethylene waxes. The efficiency of various classes of ethoxylation products and the influence of various amines were compared under different conditions.     

非离子表面活性剂HLB乳化规则的研究(Ⅱ)HLB界面模型验证与影响乳液稳定的各种实验因素

以白油为乳化对象 ,AEO3 、AEO9、TX4 、TX12 为乳化剂 ,在不同的乳化剂配比 (HLB值 )、用量的实验条件下 ,通过观察乳液破乳 ,分层的程度和测定乳液显微镜粒径分布 ,发现乳液稳定性随HLB值的变化规律与文Ⅰ相同 ,可用同样的界面模型稳定机理解释。本文还考察了乳化剂用量、超声乳化、乳化剂种类对乳液稳定性的影响。实验中发现乳化体系的最佳HLB值随活性剂用量的增加而上升 ,此现象被解释为粒子粒径小的乳化体系的最佳HLB值更大。     

30％苯醚甲环唑·丙环唑水乳剂的配方研制

[方法]通过对阴离子和非离子表面活性剂复配体系的筛选,确定了30％苯醚甲环唑·丙环唑水乳剂的优惠配方.[结果]优惠配方:苯醚甲环唑15％,丙环唑15％,乳化剂NP-15 3％,乳化剂1601 6％,乳化剂S-20 2％,乳化剂500# 1％,溶剂甲苯15％,去离子水余量.[结论]各项指标均符合水乳剂的要求,具有良好的开发前景.     

一种氧化改性聚乙烯蜡乳液的研制

研究了用氧化改性聚乙烯蜡制备一种非离子型乳液的方法。在确定最佳乳化温度105℃条件下考查了乳化剂用量、乳化工艺、助剂对乳液稳定性的影响。研究结果表明,当非离子乳化剂A、非离子乳化剂B助溶剂C和中和剂氢氧化钠分别为氧化改性聚乙烯蜡的25.15%,3.25%,1.6%和1.5%(w),乳化时间为20~30min,搅拌速度为1 000~1 400 r/min时,可以制取一种满足用作纺织柔软剂要求、固含量为20%、平均粒径小于0.1μm的蜡乳液。     

聚乙烯用高性能水基喷码油墨的研制

将马来酸酐接枝改性的氯化聚丙烯树脂(CPP-g-MAH)溶于乙酸丁酯中,再加入由Tween-20和Span-80组成的复合乳化剂进行乳化,获得了稳定的CPP-g-MAH乳液。研究了CPP-g-MAH乳液、丙烯酸复配树脂RX、乙二醇以及表面活性剂Surfynol465的用量对喷码油墨体系稳定性和墨层在聚乙烯(PE)表面附着力的影响,确定了较佳的乳化条件为:Tween-20与Span-80质量比3:2,Tween-20与Span-80的总质量为CPP-g-MAH质量的12%。较佳的水基喷码油墨配方(以质量分数表示)为:CPP-g-MAH乳液30%,水溶性丙烯酸树脂RX2%,乙二醇15%,Surfynol4651.5%。在此条件下制取的水基喷码油墨在PE表面的附着力达1.04N/mm2,非常适合于PE制品表面的喷码打印。     

氧化石蜡乳化研究

以Co/SBA-15为催化剂,52号石蜡为原料,制备氧化石蜡,并考察了乳化温度、乳化时间、乳化剂用量等因素对乳化效果的影响.结果表明,HLB值为9.3的复配型非离子乳化剂具有较好的乳化效果.较适宜的乳化条件为:乳化剂质量分数为7.3%(占总量)、乳化时间55 min、乳化温度75 ℃、乳化用水质量分数为69.96%(占总量).制得的乳液具有稳定性好、保质期长、无毒无味、色泽好等优点.石蜡氧化后乳化性能有很大提高,乳化剂用量减少.     

Comparative Study of Effect of Surfactant-Polymer Interactions on Properties of Alkyl Polyglucosides and Alpha Olefin Sulphonate

The properties of Alpha Olefin Sulphonate (AOS) and Alkyl polyglucosides (APG) were studied in the presence and absence of nonionic polymers such as polyethylene glycol, poly vinyl pyrrolidone and methyl cellulose and hydroxy propyl cellulose. Properties like surface tension, foaming, viscosity and emulsification were studied at a constant concentration of polymer (0.1%) and varying concentrations of surfactant. It was found that at low surfactant concentrations there is an association between surfactant and polymer at the liquid/air surface in the case of an anionic surfactant and a nonionic polymer, which is not seen in the case of nonionic surfactants and nonionic polymers. A nonionic polymer reduces the surface tension of AOS by forming a surfactant-polymer complex which in turn increases the foamability, emulsifying property and viscosity of solution. APG does not show any effect on its surface tension in the presence of nonionic polymers but its foamability and emulsifying properties are improved. Reduction in surface tension is not the only reason behind increased foamability in the presence of the polymer. Higher molecular weight polymers give a rich, creamy foam because of increased viscosity in the surfactant solution as compared to lower molecular weight polymers.     

石蜡的改性和乳化型地板上光用蜡的制备

采用聚乙烯蜡对石蜡进行催化氧化改性,以得到的高硬度氧化蜡为原料制备乳化型地板上光蜡。对高硬度氧化蜡乳化过程进行了研究,考察了不同微乳液的配方组成以及乳化条件对制备微乳液的影响,结果表明,乳化剂[m（Tween-80）/m（Span-80）=8.5]和蜡的质量比为0.60,乳化时间为50 min,乳化温度为90-95℃,搅拌速度为1 200-1 500 r/min时可制得外观、光泽、成膜性等性能优良乳化型地板上光用蜡,与使用天然巴西棕榈蜡相比成本较低。     

重防腐涂料用水性环氧乳液的制备

采用固体双酚A型环氧树脂与高分子量聚醚反应合成水性环氧树脂专用非离子型乳化剂,然后结合相反转技术制备水性环氧乳液。讨论了催化剂三氟化硼乙醚(BF3-乙醚)的用量对环氧树脂CYD011和聚乙二醇PEG6000反应体系环氧值的影响,并利用红外光谱和凝胶渗透色谱对合成乳化剂的结构进行表征,探讨了环氧树脂与PEG6000的摩尔比、乳化剂质量分数、乳化温度及不同分子量的环氧树脂对乳液性能的影响。结果表明,当环氧树脂的环氧当量为450～500,乳化温度为75℃、催化剂用量为0.40%、n(环氧树脂)∶n(PEG6000)=1∶1、乳化剂质量分数为15%时,所制得的水性环氧乳液粒径小于1μm,稳定性高。由此乳液制备的涂料涂膜柔韧性为1mm,冲击强度为50kg·cm,浸泡在质量分数为5%的NaCl溶液中17d完好,耐盐雾480h完好。该乳液可应用于重防腐涂料。     

10％辛硫磷水乳剂的研究

用Span20和Tween20以不同比例复配对10%辛硫磷进行乳化,发现复配乳化剂的最佳HLB值为11.5。再根据此HLB值选择出由阴离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂组成的乳化剂对,确定了最佳乳化剂对。乳化剂的用量为2%,加入0.5%的助乳化剂十六醇和0.1%的增稠剂可明显提高水乳剂的稳定性。     

非离子型石蜡乳液的制备

以58#石蜡和复配乳化剂为原料,采用剂在油中法,制备了非离子石蜡乳液。考察了乳化剂类型、乳化剂用量、乳化温度、乳化时间、搅拌速度对石蜡乳液性能的影响。确定了最佳乳化工艺条件：复配乳化剂用量9%,乳化温度85℃,乳化时间40 min,搅拌速度500 r/min。成品含固量约为30%,具有良好的稳定性和分散性。     

影响乳化硅油颗粒度因素的考察

以二甲基硅油为主要原料,非离子表面活性剂复配制备乳化硅油,考察了乳化剂用量、乳化时间、乳化温度、pH、搅拌速度、乳化水温度和乳化方法等工艺条件对乳化硅油颗粒度的影响。结果表明,在50～90℃,乳化温度对乳液粒径影响不显著;乳化剂用量、乳化时间、pH、搅拌速度和乳化方法对乳液的粒径均有影响。w(乳化剂)=7%,乳化时间45min,乳化温度80℃,乳化体系的pH≈6,在1200r/min的搅拌速度下采用乳化剂在油中法,制得了平均粒径为1.561μm,折光率为1.403,表观黏度216mPa.s的固体份质量分数为30%的硅油乳液。应用文中所述的工艺条件,脱膜剂厂家制备出了性能优良的乳化硅油脱模剂产品。     

Surfactant effect on production of monodispersed microspheres by microchannel emulsification method

Super-monodispersed oil-in-water (O/W) microspheres (MS) were produced using a microchannel (MC) emulsification technique. To investigate the effect of the surfactant on the behavior of the O/W-MS formation, the MS size and its distribution, various surfactants were used for the MC emulsification process. An MC plate with 8.9 μm equivalent diameter was employed. It was found that the super-monodispersed O/W-MS production depends on the type of surfactant used. When nonionic and anionic surfactants were used, supermonodispersed O/W-MS were produced, and the average droplet diameter was about 30 μm with a standard deviation less than 1 μm. For cationic surfactants, the super-monodispersed O/W-MS production was not successful, especially for the case where hydrophobic surfactant was dissolved in the oil phase. The results indicated that it is very important to maintain the hydrophilicity of the MC surface during the MC emulsification process. It is considered that the hydrophilic group of the anionic and nonionic surfactant was repulsed from the negatively charged MC surface so that the hydrophilicity of the MC surface was maintained. Otherwise, adsorption of the positively charged group of the cationic surfactant occurred on the MC surface which improved wetting of the MC surface and deteriorated the MC emulsification process. The analysis was supported by contact angle measurement.     

20%咪鲜·三唑酮微乳剂的研制

咪鲜胺和三唑酮复配有一定的增效作用,本实验通过拟三相图对非离子与阴离子表面活性剂不同复配比例的选择和对乳化剂、溶剂、助溶剂、水质等的筛选,确定最佳的配方组合,并对该配方的剂型进行了质量指标的测试。     

Parameter Selection of Emulsification Processes: Conditions for Nano‐ and Macroemulsions

Beside factors like nature of the emulsifier as well as rheology of the interface and continuous phase, the droplet size distribution of an emulsion governs emulsion properties such as long‐term stability over months or years, texture, and optical appearance. Consequently, emulsions with droplets in nano‐scale are of interest when well‐defined emulsion properties are needed. The formation of emulsions consisting of water, corn oil, and nonionic surfactants using disc systems and high‐pressure homogenizers was studied. The emulsion droplet size distributions were obtained by means of a laser diffraction method. The influence of parameters affecting the emulsion formation, such as emulsification time, viscosity for the disc system, pressure, and homogenizing steps for high‐pressure homogenization, was investigated. Data to determine the effect of the surfactant type and concentration were collected for both systems. The emulsification process using a disc system was evaluated in order to highlight its advantages and limits in comparison to high‐pressure homogenization.     

Influence of nonionic emulsifiers on the properties of vinyl acetate/VeoVa10 and vinyl acetate/ethylene emulsions and paints

This paper presents results on the influence of the nonionic surfactant on the properties of vinyl acetate/VeoVa10^® and vinyl acetate/ethylene emulsions and paints made thereof. Emulsions were prepared in which the concentration of the nonionic surfactant and its degree of ethoxylation were varied. An increase of the nonionic emulsifier concentration and of the length of the ethylene oxide chain leads to dispersions with smaller particles and higher viscosities. Using these emulsions as binders in high pigmented paints, it was observed that the pigment binding capacity of the interior paints goes through a maximum which is located at a emulsifier concentration of about 2–3% and at a degree of ethoxylation of 17–28 mol ethylene oxide (EO). In (semi-) gloss paints, the gloss of the paint films improves with an increase of the emulsifier concentration and reaches a constant value at around 4% or a degree of ethoxylation of ca. 17 EO-moieties per molecule. The blocking of the films shows a drastic increase at a concentration above 4% and at a chain length of greater than 17 EO-moieties.     

水性环氧乳液非离子乳化剂的制备

非离子乳化剂是以聚乙二醇和环氧树脂为原料,其中聚乙二醇具有大量醚键,可作为乳化剂的亲水链段;环氧树脂为亲油端链段。环氧树脂上的环氧基与聚乙二醇上的伯羟基发生反应,生成的环氧树脂与聚乙二醇的高分子交替缩聚产物具有一个醚键和一个仲羟基。详细分析了催化剂、反应温度、时间、物料比例对此乳化剂合成的影响,并确定了乳化剂合成的设备及工艺。最终选用环氧 E20和聚乙二醇 4000为主要原料合成非离子型乳化剂,使用三氟化硼乙醚络合物为催化剂,反应时间控制在 7~8 h,反应温度 65 ℃,环氧基与羟基的比例控制在 1. 20~1. 25之间,所制备的乳化剂性能较好,可以满足制备乳液的要求,所制备的乳液可储存 15 d不返粗,可以与颜填料混合研磨。     

一种微乳液型汽车上光蜡的制备

以巴西棕榈蜡、蜂蜡、石蜡和表面活性剂为原料,制备微乳液型汽车上光蜡,考察了乳化剂选择及用量、乳化时间、乳化温度、乳化用水量、搅拌转速等因素对乳化反应的影响。结果表明,最佳乳化条件为:乳化剂为复配1型,乳化剂的用量为6%,搅拌转速1 000 r/min,乳化时间30 min,乳化温度90℃,乳化用水量为70%。     

系列非离子两亲嵌段共聚物PEO-b-PBA的制备及性能研究

两亲嵌段聚合物通常用在现代水性涂料配方中充当分散剂、消泡剂和流变控制剂等关键助剂,而且也是水性树脂乳液聚合技术的重要乳化剂品种,可以规避小分子乳化剂易于在界面富集而导致涂膜耐水性较差的缺点。通过大分子引发剂的原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)来制备一系列聚氧乙烯与聚丙烯酸丁酯嵌段的非离子型两亲共聚物PEO-b-PBA。采用Wilhelmy吊片法、动态光散射和透射电镜(TEM)等手段详细研究了此类两亲聚合物水溶液的表面张力和聚集体粒径以及微观形貌,并就其与非离子表面活性剂TX-100的起泡与乳化性能进行了对比分析。     

Hybrid emulsifiers enhancing polymerization stabilities and properties of pressure sensitive adhesives

In this study, a series of (anionic and nonionic) emulsifiers were investigated to prepare acrylic pressure sensitive adhesives (PSA) with core‐shell structure by semicontinuous emulsion polymerization. The cloud point of different emulsifiers was characterized to explain the emulsifier effects on the emulsification ability. It was interestingly found that the hybrid emulsifiers (anionic coupling with nonionic) with optimized compositions could enhance the stability of emulsion system and improve the properties of PSA compared with the mono‐emulsifier. The stability of emulsion polymerization, the appearance of the emulsion system and the properties of PSA were studied in details by changing the proportion and the content of hybrid emulsifiers. When the ratio of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS: anionic emulsifier) to polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether (OP‐10: nonionic emulsifier) reached 2 : 1, the content of hybrid emulsifiers reached 3 wt % and the reaction temperature was around 80°C, a better emulsion system was obtained in terms of comprehensive properties. At this condition, the synthesized PSA demonstrated the good holding power and 180° peel strength properties with fair tacky property, which was promising for industrial applications. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010