聚四氟乙烯碳纤维增强双马来酰亚胺复合材料的摩擦学性能

研究了不同含量PTFE碳纤维增强双马来酰亚胺复合材料的力学和摩擦学性能,并分析了在干摩擦和水润滑条件下的磨损表面形貌和磨损机制。结果表明:添加质量分数10%~15%PTFE的复合材料体系机械性能最佳,随PTFE含量的增加,复合材料的摩擦因数下降,而磨损率呈上升趋势。水润滑下,摩擦因数和磨损率比干摩擦下都有相应的降低。干摩擦下,材料的磨损主要以塑性变形、微观破裂及破碎为主;水润滑下,这一机制明显减弱,主要表现为微切削形态。     

纳米Cu粉填充碳纤维/PTFE复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

考察纳米Cu粉含量、粒径对碳纤维/PTFE复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,采用扫描电子显微镜分析磨损面和对偶面转移膜形貌,并探讨其磨损机制。结果表明:纳米Cu粉能提高碳纤维/PTFE复合材料的耐磨性,在高载荷下,纳米Cu粉的增强效果更加明显;纳米Cu粉的粒径越小,复合材料的耐磨性越好;添加质量分数0.3%纳米Cu粉的碳纤维/PTFE复合材料耐磨性最优,1.4 m/s,200 N下实验条件下,其磨损率比未添加时降低了45%;SEM分析显示纳米Cu粉能在对偶面上形成平整致密的转移膜,具有显微增强作用。     

碳纤维改性热塑性聚酰亚胺材料摩擦磨损性能

通过正交实验设计和方差分析,系统考察了工况（温度、速度及载荷）对碳纤维改性热塑性聚酰亚胺（TPI）摩擦磨损行为的影响。用电子显微镜（SEM）观察其磨损面形貌分析材料磨损机制。研究表明：随着温度升高,分子链相对滑移增强,体现出良好的自润滑特性,材料的摩擦因数和磨损率均有所下降;排除摩擦热的干扰,方差分析表明载荷、速度及其交互作用对材料摩擦磨损行为影响不显著。根据粘着摩擦理论,载荷的改变对材料抗剪切强度无明显作用,表现为材料摩擦磨损性能稳定。随速度的增加,材料抗剪切强度呈现下降趋势,同时考虑到受力中的塑形硬化现象,摩擦因数出现先增后减的变化。     

碳纤维粉增强氟橡胶复合材料摩擦学性能研究

采用液相氧化法对碳纤维进行不同时间表面刻蚀,利用扫描电镜分析碳纤维的表观形貌;采用开炼共混和平板硫化方法制备改性后碳纤维/氟橡胶复合材料,研究改性碳纤维用量对复合材料硫化特征、力学性能和摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明：随着氧化时间的增加,碳纤维表面沟槽纹路变深变宽,从而与橡胶基体有更好的界面结合性;随着碳纤维用量的增加,复合材料交联密度增大,而拉伸性能降低;碳纤维的加入使复合材料摩擦磨损性能明显提高,最高可使材料摩擦因数降低近45%,耐磨性提高近1倍;经过表面改性的碳纤维能使复合材料的摩擦因数和磨损率更低,耐磨性能更好。     

石墨及纤维填充聚四氟乙烯复合材料的摩擦学研究

研究了在碳纤维(CF)和玻璃纤维(GF)混杂纤维改性PTFE复合材料中添加石墨(Gr)的力学性能和摩擦磨损性能,探讨纤维及石墨的润滑协同效应.结果表明,纤维填料的加入使得复合材料的拉伸强度和伸长率有所降低,但大大提高了复合材料的硬度,石墨的加入能够降低摩擦因数,提高耐磨损性能.14? 9%GF 2%Gr复合材料具有较好的摩擦磨损性能,磨损表面(SEM)形貌较光滑,改变了纯PTFE的磨损机制,高载荷下耐磨损性能更突出.3种填料在PTFE基体中起到了很好的协同作用,综合性能较优异,具有一定的应用价值.     

Analysis of Tribological Performance of Cu Hybrid Composites Reinforced with Graphite and TiC Using Factorial Techniques

In this study, a copper hybrid metal matrix composite reinforced with graphite (5, 10, and 15 vol%) and TiC (5, 10, and 15 vol%) was processed by a powder metallurgy route. Optical micrographs confirm the uniform distribution of reinforcements in the copper matrix. The hardness of the composites decreased with the addition of graphite. However, the addition of TiC into the copper matrix increased the hardness of the composites due to its high hardness. The influence of graphite percentages, load, sliding speed, and sliding distance on the wear of the as-sintered hybrid composites was studied based on the design of experiments. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to study the effect of the parameters on the wear weight loss of the hybrid composites. The weight loss due to wear of the hybrid composites decreases from 0.1345 to 0.0830 g as the volume percentage of graphite increases from 5 to 15%. Results indicated that the normal load has greater static influence of 43.85%, sliding distance has an influence of 29.84%, percentage of graphite has an influence of 15.17%, and sliding speed has an influence of 1.83% on the weight loss of copper hybrid composites due to sliding wear. The worn-out surfaces were analyzed using electron microscopy, which reveals that the addition of both hard ceramic reinforcement TiC and soft solid lubricant graphite significantly improves the tribological performance of the copper composites.     

Evaluation of the Tribological Properties of Polyimide and Poly(amide-imide) Polymers in a Refrigerant Environment

The tribological properties of three grades of polyimide (PI) and one grade of poly(amide-imide) (PAI) polymers are evaluated in a tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) environment. Friction coefficient, wear, and interface surface morphology are evaluated at temperatures of 20° and 120°C, sliding velocities from 0.127 to 3.75 m/s, contact pressures from 1.72 to 13.8 MPa, and counterface surface roughness of 0.06 and 0.40 μ Ra. Tests were conducted under dry or boundary lubricated conditions. Limited testing indicate that the polymers under study do not chemically degrade in HFC-134a environment. For the polymer grades tested, the combination of graphite and FIFE as filler materials provide the best wear characteristics in this environment. As expected, the environmental temperature has a strong effect on both the friction coefficient and the wear. Under boundary lubricated conditions, the presence of a liquid lubricant provides one order of magnitude lower wear compared to the wear obtained in dry sliding conditions. Results from tests conducted in air, argon, and HFC-134a show that the tribological properties of the polymers tested do not seem to be significantly influenced by the environment.     

碳纤维/玻璃纤维/石墨协同改性PTFE复合材料力学性能

通过机械混合、冷压和烧结成型制备了碳纤维、玻璃纤维和石墨填充协同改性聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料。对比分析了不同样品的拉伸、冲击和压缩等力学性能。结果表明:玻纤和碳纤维使复合材料冲击强度下降;玻纤使复合材料拉伸强度下降,碳纤维则使复合材料拉伸强度稍有增强;玻纤和碳纤维均使复合材料压缩强度增加,但碳纤维的增强效果更为明显;石墨、玻纤和碳纤维协同增强PTFE复合材料的拉伸强度较高,弹性模量较大,断裂伸长率较高,抗压缩性能明显提高,且材料拉伸时呈塑性断裂,是综合力学性能较好的高性能润滑密封材料。     

Tribological Properties of PTFE and PTFE Composites at Different Temperatures

The friction and wear properties of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and its composites with fillers such as bronze, glass fiber, carbon fiber, carbon, graphite, and polymer were studied at ambient temperature and high temperature. The wear resistance and hardness were enhanced by the fillers. Results showed that the wear resistance of all composites was much higher than that of pure PTFE. Pure PTFE has the lowest friction coefficient at ambient temperature (temperature: 23 ± 2°C, humidity: 50 ± 10%) but highest friction coefficient at high temperature (above 100°C). The PTFE composite filled with bronze showed the best wear resistance at ambient temperature but the poorest wear resistance at high temperature. The carbon-graphite- or polymer-filled PTFE composite showed a lower friction coefficient and moderate wear resistance at both ambient and high temperature.     

石墨填充聚四氟乙烯基复合材料的摩擦学性能

为了研制PTFE基粘弹-摩擦型阻尼材料,采用机械共混-冷压成型-烧结的工艺制备了石墨、聚苯硫醚、聚醚醚酮混合填充PTFE基复合材料,利用环-块式磨损试验机,在干摩擦条件下考察了复合材料的摩擦学性能,并用扫描电镜观察了磨损表面形貌,研究了复合材料的磨损机制。结果表明:PTFE含量不同的复合材料,随石墨填充量的增大,摩擦因数和磨损率的变化趋势不同,磨损主要由犁削、粘着和疲劳剥落中的一种或几种引起;适当配比的PTFE基复合材料具有较好的摩擦阻尼性能,能够满足粘弹-摩擦阻尼材料的要求。     

组装改性碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮复合材料的摩擦学性能

采用十八烷基磷酸酯对碳纤维表面进行组装改性,用红外光谱仪对改性前后的碳纤维进行表征,并测量其静态接触角;研究组装改性碳纤维增强PEEK复合材料的摩擦学性能。结果表明：纯十八烷基磷酸酯组装改性的碳纤维粉体接触角高达120°,展现强疏水性;干摩擦条件下,组装改性碳纤维增强复合材料磨损率表现出先降低后升高的趋势,碳纤维质量分数为10%时磨损率和摩擦因数均达到最低,并且纯十八烷基磷酸酯改性效果最好,改性后的复合材料磨损面光滑,耐磨性能明显提高。     

石墨/MoS2/SiO2、纤维混合增强PVDF复合材料摩擦性能

采用共混-热压-烧结工艺制备一种碳纤维（CF）、芳纶纤维（AF）混合增强的高耐磨聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）复合材料,并研究石墨、MoS2和纳米SiO2对PVDF复合材料的力学性能和摩擦学性能的影响,利用显微镜、附带有能谱仪（EDS）的扫描电镜（SEM）、红外光谱仪(FT-IR)对摩擦表面形貌和转移膜元素组成和分布进行分析,探讨摩擦磨损机制。结果表明：复合材料的硬度和弹性模量随着纤维、石墨、纳米SiO2等的加入而增大,耐磨性明显提高;添加的CF、AF、石墨和SiO2体积分数分别为2%、8%、5%和0.5%时,PVDF复合材料摩擦性能最优,干摩擦下摩擦因数低至0.33,磨损率低至1.12×10-6 mm3/（N· m）。复合材料中石墨、CF、SiO2在摩擦过程中发生了复杂的物理和化学反应,形成的转移膜均匀性和强度对PVDF复合材料摩擦性能有重要影响,为开发高耐磨PVDF复合材料提供了新思路。     

Tribochemical Effects on Tribological Properties of Self-Mated Zirconia Ceramic in HFC-134a Gas

Tribochemical effects on the tribological properties of self-mated zirconia ceramic in CF₃CH₂F (HFC-134a) were investigated using a ball-on-disk type environmental tribometer. The friction chamber of the tribometer was attached to a micro-spot X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer (XPS) for ensuring that surface analysis be conducted without exposuring the frictional surfaces to air. It was found that HFC-134a gas was an effective lubricant for zirconia ceramic, especially at a pressure higher than 10³ Pa. The products of tribochemical reactions between zirconia and HFC-134a molecules were detected. The amount and chemical state of the tribochemical products seemed to control the tribological behaviors. Thus, the role of tribochemical products on the tribological properties of zirconia in HFC-134a gas at 10⁴ Pa was studied in detail under applied loads of 0.6–5.0 N and sliding speed of 0.04–0.35 m/s. It was found that severe tribochemical reactions occurred at low speeds and high loads. The formation of ZrF₄ accelerated the chemical wear of zirconia, and raised the friction. Zirconia ceramic is suitable for use at moderate load and sliding speed under a reactive environment.     

碳纤维增强热塑性聚酰亚胺的力学性能和摩擦磨损性能

用电子万能试验机和摩擦磨损试验机考察了短切碳纤维(CF)增强热塑性聚酰亚胺(PI)复合材料的力学性能和摩擦磨损性能,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)观察磨损面微观形貌,从而确定其主要磨损机理。结果表明:短切碳纤维可以提高复合材料的抗压强度,但对抗拉强度和抗弯强度的增强效果不明显,而冲击强度会有所下降。适量碳纤维的加入可以有效改善材料的摩擦磨损性能,其中10%碳纤维填充PI摩擦因数为0.12,仅为纯PI的44.4%,但随CF含量进一步增大(最大达到30%),摩擦因数趋于稳定;材料磨损率随CF加入下降了一个数量级,其中10%CF填充PI的磨损率最低,为1.83×10-8cm3.N-1.m-1。低含量碳纤维复合材料磨损机理以粘着磨损为主,而高含量时主要是磨粒磨损。     

混杂填料改性UHMWPE复合材料的摩擦学性能

采用热压成型工艺制备铜粉、石墨粉、碳纤维混杂改性的UHMWPE复合材料,采用WDW-20电子万能实验机测量其力学性能,采用MM-2000试验机考察其摩擦学性能,用扫描电子显微镜观察复合材料磨损表面形貌能。结果表明:混杂填料的加入增加复合材料的硬度和弹性模量,降低复合材料的抗剪强度、抗拉强度;混杂填料对复合材料的摩擦因数影响很大,填充比例适当时能有效改善复合材料的耐磨损性能;改性后复合材料的磨损机制主要表现为磨料磨损、疲劳磨损和塑性变形;15%Cu+2%Gr+6%CF复合材料具有良好的摩擦学性能。     

Tribological Properties and Electrical Signal Transmission of Copper–Graphite Composites

The correlation between tribological properties of resin bonded copper–graphite composites and electrical signal transmission is investigated. Particular attention is given to the loss of electrical signal at the sliding interface and the amount of signal noise as a function of the composition in the composite. A custom designed slip-ring type tribotester with a copper ring has been used for this study. Results show that the tribological properties of the sliding couple, that is closely associated with morphology of sliding surfaces and the presence of transfer films, determine the amount of voltage drop at the interface and electrical signal noise. The change of the applied load during sliding experiment changes the coefficient of friction (COF) and energy loss at the sliding interface, suggesting that the effective contact area at the rubbing surface of the composite strongly affects the amount of voltage drop. It is also found that the electrical signal noise is directly related with the fluctuation of the friction coefficient caused by the variation of contacts at the sliding interface and by the transient patches of transfer films on the surface of the ring.     

碳纤维增强尼龙1010复合材料的摩擦磨损性能及磨损机理研究

以注塑成型法制备了尼龙1010及碳纤维(CF)增强尼龙1010复合材料，研究了CF含量和载荷对材料摩擦学性能和磨损机制的影响。结果表明，CF的加入可显著改善尼龙的摩擦学性能，以体积分数为20％的CF增强尼龙1010复合材料的耐磨性能最好。较低的CF含量下复合材料磨损表面主要受到对偶钢环上微凸峰的切削和犁沟作用，较高载荷时发生了热疲劳剥层磨损；随着CF含量增加，复合材料表面在较高载荷时产生明显疲劳断裂，并使对偶钢环产生较剧烈磨损。     

聚酰亚胺复合材料与不同金属间干滑动时的摩擦学性能

采用MPX-2000型摩擦磨损试验机研究了聚四氟乙烯和二硫化钼填充聚酰亚胺复合材料在干滑动摩擦条件下与45钢、镍铬合金、铜和铝对磨时的摩擦磨损性能,并利用扫描电子显微镜和光学显微镜分析了复合材料及对偶件的磨损表面形貌。结果表明:复合材料与铝对磨时的摩擦因数和磨损率最低,分别约为与钢摩擦时的43%和49%;摩擦后铝表面形成均匀连续的转移膜,45钢、镍铬合金和铜的表面没有形成有效转移膜,因此复合材料的摩擦因数较大;复合材料与不同金属材料摩擦时的磨损机理主要是粘着磨损与疲劳磨损。     

碳纤维复合材料小孔加工的试验研究

针对碳纤维复合材料小孔加工比常规尺寸的孔加工更困难,制孔质量和尺寸精度难易保证的问题,采用硬质合金麻花钻进行碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料直径3mm小孔的钻削试验,研究工艺参数、刀具磨损对切削力和制孔质量的影响。结果表明:转速和进给速度对制孔轴向力和孔径误差均有显著影响;回归分析得到了轴向力与转速和进给速度之间的关系式;转速对孔径误差的影响大于进给速度的影响;硬质合金麻花钻加工碳纤维复合材料的合格孔数为30个,孔径误差随刀具磨损量的增大而增大。研究结果可以对碳纤维复合材料小孔加工的切削力进行预测,为加工参数和刀具寿命的合理选择提供试验依据。     

玻璃纤维增强不饱和聚酯基复合材料的力学性能

采用质量分数为20%的连续玻璃纤维和质量分数为10%的短切玻璃纤维以模压工艺制备不饱和聚酯基复合材料,研究了纤维类型对复合材料模压工艺以及力学性能的影响,并与质量分数为30%连续纤维增强的不饱和聚酯基复合材料进行了对比。结果表明:与连续纤维增强不饱和聚酯基复合材料相比,连续纤维与短切纤维混合增强复合材料的拉伸性能和弯曲性能略有下降,但模压工艺性能和压缩性能有所提高,纤维在基体中分布较为均匀,纤维相互交叉,散乱分布。